Euclid

Euclid
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	unknown value, 4 century "BCE"
ƙasa	Classical Athens (en)
Mazauni	Alexandria
Mutuwa	unknown value da Alexandria, unknown value
Karatu
Harsuna	Ancient Greek (en)
Ɗalibai	view Diocleides of Athens (en) ;
Sana'a
Sana'a	masanin lissafi da marubuci
Muhimman ayyuka	Elements (en) ; synthetic geometry (en)

Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.

Euclid (323 K.A.- 265 K.A.) ya kasance masanin lissafi ne daga kasar Girka wanda ya rayu a Alexandria, Misra. Ana masa lakabi da "Baban geometry" (Father of Geometry).^[1] Anfi saninsa da aikinsa na Elements treatise, wanda shine ginshikin geometry wanda ya wanzu a fagen har zuwa farkon karni na 19. Salonsa, wanda a yanzu aka fi sani da Euclidean geometry, ya kunshi sabbin dabaru na tsaffin masana lissafi na kasar Girka, wanda suka hada da Eudoxus na Cnidus, Hippocrates na Chios, Thales na Miletus da kuma Theaetetus. Tare da Arkimidus da Apollonius na Perga, ana daukar Euclid a matsayin daya daga cikin masana lissafi da sukafi fice a zamanin antiquity, kuma daga cikin shahararru a Tarihin lissafi.

Abubuwa kadan aka sani dangane da rayuwar Euclid, kuma duka bayanan sun fito ne daga bakin masana falsafa guda biyu Proclus da kuma Pappus na Alexandria shekaru aru-aru da suka gabata. Har zuwa lokacin Renaissance, a baya ana kuskure shi da tsohon masanin falsafa Euclid na Megara, hakan yasa sai da aka sake bitar tarihin rayuwarsa a wadace. Gabaki daya an amince cewa ya kwashe rayuwarsa na aiki tare a karkashin Ptolemy I a Alexandria, kuma yayi rayuwa a tsakanin shekaru 300BC kafin zuwan Yesu, bayan Plato sannan kafin Arkimidus. Akwai jita-jita cewa Euclid ya kasance dalibi a Makarantar Plato - (Platonic Academy), sannan daga baya ya koyar a Musaeum. Ana yawan girmama Euclid don wajen hade al'adun Plato na Athens da kuma al'adun baya baya na Alexandria.

A cikin lissafi na Elements, Euclid ya cire theorem daga jerin kananan axioms. Sannan ya rubuta ayyuka akan perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory, da kuma mathematical rigour. Bugu da kari, Euclid yayi rubutu akan optics field, Optics, sannan ayyukansa da ba'a san su ba sosai sun hada da Data da al'amari (Phaenomena). Ana kokwanto akan wallafar Euclid akan littattafai guda biyu a cikin —On Divisions of Figures, Catoptrics—. Ana tsammanin cewa ya rubuta ayyuka da dama da suka bace.

Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

labaran gargajiya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sunan 'Euclid' da turanci ya kasance sunan angilikanci ne na Tsohuwar Girka Εὐκλείδης.^[2] An ciro ta ne daga kalmar eu - (εὖ; 'mai kyau'), da kuma 'klês' (-κλῆς; 'shahara'), ma'ana 'sananne' 'mai nasara'.^[3] Kalmar Euclid har wayau, an sanshi a wasu lokutan da ma'anar "kwafi iri daya",^[4] kuma sannan wani lokacin yana nufin joometri.^[5]

Kamar dai mafiya yawancin masana lissafi na Tsohuwar Girka, shima Euclid ba'a san tarihin rayuwarsa ba.^[6] An yadda cewa shine ya wallafa ayyuka guda hudu — Elements, Optics, Data, Phaenomena— amma bacin wadannan, ba'a san wasu tabbatattun ayyukansa ba.^[7] Masanin tarihi Carl Benjamin Boyer ya bayyana bakin cikinsa cewa "duba da yanayin shaharar mawallafin littafin da kuma littafinsa da ya samu karbuwa [the Elements] amma kadan aka sani game da Euclid.^[8] Tarihin rayuwarsa na gargajiya yawanci ya biyo bayan karni na 5 bayan mutuwar Yesu, a rubutun Proclus acikin tsokancinsa na littafin Euclid The Element sannan kuma da wasu bayanai na Pappus na Alexandria daga farkon karni na 4.^[2]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

↑ Sialaros, Michalis (2021) [2015]. "Euclid". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2521. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Sialaros, Michalis (2021) [2015]. "Euclid". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2521. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
↑ "Euclidean (adj.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
↑ "Euclid, n". OED Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
↑ Bruno, Leonard C. (2003) [1999]. Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit: U X L. ISBN 978-0-7876-3813-9. OCLC 41497065. P. 125
↑ Heath, Thomas L. (1981) [1921]. A History of Greek Mathematics. Vol. 2 Vols. New York: Dover Publications. p. 354
↑ Asper, Markus (2010). "Euclid". In Gagarin, Michael (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6. p. 1
↑ Boyer, Carl B. (1991) [1968]. A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8. p. 100

[1] Sialaros, Michalis (2021) [2015]. "Euclid". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2521. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Sialaros, Michalis (2021) [2015]. "Euclid". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2521. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.

[3] "Euclidean (adj.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 18 March 2015.

[4] "Euclid, n". OED Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 10 August 2022.

[5] Bruno, Leonard C. (2003) [1999]. Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit: U X L. ISBN 978-0-7876-3813-9. OCLC 41497065. P. 125

[6] Heath, Thomas L. (1981) [1921]. A History of Greek Mathematics. Vol. 2 Vols. New York: Dover Publications. p. 354

[7] Asper, Markus (2010). "Euclid". In Gagarin, Michael (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6. p. 1

[8] Boyer, Carl B. (1991) [1968]. A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8. p. 100

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