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Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam a Benin

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Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam a Benin
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Ƙasa Benin
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 8°50′N 2°11′E / 8.83°N 2.18°E / 8.83; 2.18

An yi la'akari da yanayin 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Benin a matsayin gabaɗaya sama da matsakaici ga Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara .

Wani rahoton Amurka na 2012 ya yaba wa Benin "don ci gaba da mika mulki ga dimokuradiyya" kuma ya yaba "ayyukan majalisa na 'yan shekarun nan don zartar da aiwatar da dokoki game da cin zarafin mata a cikin gida, cin hanci da rashawa a hukumance, azabtarwa, da sauran laifuffuka", da kuma "kafa." na cibiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da suka hada da mai kula da kare hakkin bil'adama da majalisar kasa don inganta daidaito da daidaito tsakanin jinsi".

Rahoton ya ci gaba da nuna damuwa, duk da haka, "game da ci gaba da rahotanni na yawan tashe-tashen hankula da cin zarafi daga jami'an tsaro, ciki har da 'yan sanda, da kuma mummunan yanayin gidan yari da kuma tsawon lokacin da ake tsare da su kafin a yi shari'a", da kuma "ta hanyar rahotanni masu tsanani. takunkumi kan 'yancin yajin aiki a ma'aikatun jama'a da kuma maganganun da hukumomi ke yi akai-akai na nuna adawa da kungiyar, yana kara rura wutar zaman jama'a da ayyukan zanga-zanga". Bugu da kari, rahoton ya yi nuni da cewa "hankalin ci gaban da gwamnati ke samu wajen magance munanan nau'ikan aikin yara ".

Tarihin tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Historical ratings
Year Political<br id="mwGw"><br>rights Civil

liberties
Status PresidentSamfuri:Ref
1972 7 5 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1973 7 5 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1974 7 6 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1975 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1976 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1977 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1978 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1979 7 6 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1980 7 6 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1981 7 6 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1982Samfuri:Ref 7 6 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1983 7 6 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1984 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1985 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1986 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1987 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1988 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1989 7 7 Not Free Mathieu Kérékou
1990 6 4 Partly Free Mathieu Kérékou
1991 2 3 Free Nicéphore Soglo
1992 2 3 Free Nicéphore Soglo
1993 2 3 Free Nicéphore Soglo
1994 2 3 Free Nicéphore Soglo
1995 2 2 Free Nicéphore Soglo
1996 2 2 Free Mathieu Kérékou
1997 2 2 Free Mathieu Kérékou
1998 2 2 Free Mathieu Kérékou
1999 2 3 Free Mathieu Kérékou
2000 2 2 Free Mathieu Kérékou
2001 3 2 Free Mathieu Kérékou
2002 3 2 Free Mathieu Kérékou
2003 2 2 Free Mathieu Kérékou
2004 2 2 Free Mathieu Kérékou
2005 2 2 Free Mathieu Kérékou
2006 2 2 Free Yayi Boni
2007 2 2 Free Yayi Boni
2008 2 2 Free Yayi Boni
2009 2 2 Free Yayi Boni
2010 2 2 Free Yayi Boni
2011 2 2 Free Yayi Boni
2012 2 2 Free Yayi Boni
2013 2 2 Free Yayi Boni
2014 2 2 Free Yayi Boni

Kasar Benin dai ta kasance kasar Faransa da aka fi sani da Dahomey, wadda ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekara ta 1960. Daga 1972 zuwa shekara ta 1990 kasar Marxist–Leninist ce wacce mai mulkin kama karya Mathieu Kérékou ya mulki, wanda ya karbi mulki a juyin mulki. A karkashin Kérékou, ƙasar ba ta da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ko na 'yan jarida kuma ba ta da yancin ɗan adam. Ya canza suna zuwa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Benin a 1975. A cikin 1990 an cire kalmar "People's" daga sunan kasar, kuma a cikin Disamba 1991 aka amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki da nufin kafa wata kasa wadda a cikinta "dokar doka, 'yancin kai, 'yancin jama'a, mutuncin dan Adam. kuma an tabbatar da adalci, kariya da kuma inganta shi a matsayin abin da ake bukata don ci gaban da ya dace ga kowane dan kasar Benin."

A karkashin sabon kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, an maido da mulkin dimokradiyya a kasar Benin a shekarar 1991. A zaben da aka gudanar a waccan shekarar, Kérékou ya sha kaye a hannun Nicéphore Soglo kuma ya amince da sakamakon zaben. An mayar da shi mulki a zaɓen shekara ta 1996 aka sake zabe a 2001; zaɓen 2006, wanda Kérékou bai tsaya takara ba, an dauke shi cikin 'yanci da adalci.

Tun daga 1991, ana ɗaukar Benin a matsayin mafi girman matsayin 'yancin ɗan adam fiye da sauran ƙasashen Afirka. An rubuta cewa kasar Benin ta bayyana cewa tana daya daga cikin ƙasashen da ke kan gaba a tsarin dimokuradiyya a Afirka, amma yawancin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kare Haƙƙin bil adama a ƙasar, wadanda suka samo asali tun lokacin rikon kwarya, "ba sa hada kai a tsakaninsu", ta yadda "ta ya zama al'ada ga ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki a yanki ɗaya ba su san juna ba", wanda ke haifar da "kwafi na ƙoƙarin". A zaman taro na 47 na hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Afrika a shekarar 2010, babban mai shigar da kara na kasar Benin, Victor Topanou ya bayyana cewa, "a yau akwai bayyananniyar manufar siyasa don tabbatar da nasarar al'adun 'yancin dan Adam", yana mai nuni da kokarin da aka yi a baya-bayan nan. don rage radadin talauci ta hanyar tsare-tsaren kananan bashi, da inganta samun adalci ta hanyar gina sabbin kotunan shari'a da gidajen yari, da kara yawan abinci da kula da lafiya a gidajen yari.

Jamhuriyar Benin ta rattaba hannu kan yarjeniyoyi na kasa da kasa kamar haka: Yarjejeniya ta Afirka (Banjul) kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a; Yarjejeniya kan azabtarwa da sauran zalunci, rashin mutuntaka, ko wulakanci magani ko azabtarwa; Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata; Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin Yara; Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan kawar da duk wani nau'i na wariyar launin fata; Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa Tattalin Arziki, Haƙƙin Jama'a da Al'adu; da Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya Kan Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Siyasa.

Wannan ginshiƙi ne na ƙimar Benin tun 1972 a cikin rahoton Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta ba".[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Haƙƙoƙin na asali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kundin tsarin mulki da dokoki sun haramta wariya dangane da launin fata, jinsi, nakasa, harshe, da matsayin zamantakewa; duk da haka, mata da nakasassu suna ci gaba da fuskantar wariya, kuma gwamnati ba ta yi komai ba don yaƙar ta.

Ko da yake kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Benin da dokokinsa sun tabbatar da ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da kuma ‘yan jarida, amma a wasu lokuta ana hana wadannan hakkokin. Ofishin gidan Rediyo da Talabijin na gwamnati (ORTB) ya takaita yada shirye-shiryen da ke sukar gwamnati; gwamnatin kasar ta toshe siginar wani gidan rediyon kasar Faransa da ya bayar da rahoto a shekarar 2010 kan kokarin da 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar suka yi na tsige shugaba Yayi; sannan an yi sayayya da yawa, wanda ake zargin jami’an gwamnati ne, na kwafin jaridun da suka ba da rahoto kan wata almundahana. Yawancin 'yan jarida sun shiga aikin tantance kansu, kuma an gurfanar da wasu da dama daga cikinsu kan zargin cin zarafi, ko da yake alkalai sukan zaɓi ba za su tuhume su ba. "Zagi" na 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki yana da hukuncin dauri ta hanyar aiki tukuru. Har yanzu, akwai kafafen yada labarai masu fafutuka da galibi ke sukar gwamnati, duk da cewa isarsu ba ta da yawa, wani bangare saboda jahilci. Kafafen yada labarai mafi tasiri mallakar gwamnati ne. Wasu kafafen yada labarai masu zaman kansu suna samun tallafin gwamnati.

Akwai haƙƙin shiga Intanet mara iyaka, amma babu shi a yawancin wurare. Gwamnati ba ta tsoma baki cikin harkokin ilimi ko al'adu, kuma gabaɗaya tana mutunta ' yancin yin taro, kodayake a wasu lokuta takan ƙi ba da izinin taron ƙungiyoyin adawa da sauran su. A shekara ta 2010, gwamnati ta haramta tarukan jama'a da dama, ciki har da zanga-zangar 'yan kungiyar da ke nuna damuwa kan cin hanci da rashawa da sauran batutuwa. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Benin da dokokin ƙasar sun tabbatar da ‘yancin yin tafiya cikin walwala a cikin kasar, fita ƙasashen waje, yin hijira da komawa gida, kuma ana girmama wadannan hakkokin, duk da cewa akwai shingayen binciken ababen hawa a faɗin ƙasar da ke hana zirga-zirga da ‘yan sanda da jami’an tsaro ke amfani da su wajen neman cin hanci. Kodayake yara ƙanana suna buƙatar takaddun shaida lokacin tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don guje wa fataucin, rashin aiwatar da wannan buƙatun yana haifar da ci gaba da fataucin. [9]

Kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Benin ya tanada, ƙasa ce da ba ruwanta da addini, wanda a cikinta ne aka ba wa kowa ‘yancin addini kuma a cikinta ba a ba wa makarantun gwamnati damar ba da koyarwar addini (ko da yake an halatta makarantun addini masu zaman kansu). A kasar Benin, inda a ƙidayar 2002 yawan jama'a ya kasance kashi 27 cikin dari na Roman Katolika, kashi 24 cikin dari Musulmai, kashi 17 na Voudon (Vodoo), kashi 6 cikin dari na sauran addinai na asali, da kashi 5 cikin ɗari na Kiristanci na Celestial, kuma inda bukukuwan kasa sun hada da Kirista da Musulmai masu tsarki. Kwanaki, "mutunta bambance-bambancen addini ya yadu a kowane mataki na al'umma da kuma a dukkan yankuna", a cewar rahoton gwamnatin Amurka na 2011, kodayake akwai " rikici lokaci-lokaci tsakanin masu aikin Voodoo da Kirista game da ayyukan ƙaddamar da Voodoo, yana buƙatar sa hannun 'yan sanda".[10][9][11]

Haƙƙoƙin mata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  Halin ‘yancin mata a kasar Benin ya samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan dawo da tsarin dimokuradiyya da tabbatar da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, da kuma zartar da dokar ta sirri da ta iyali a shekara ta 2004, wadanda dukkansu suka yi watsi da al’adun gargajiya daban-daban da suka saba wa mata. Har yanzu, rashin daidaito da wariya na ci gaba da wanzuwa. Auren mace fiye da daya da auren dole haramun ne amma har yanzu suna faruwa. Aiwatar da dokar hana fyaɗe, hukuncin da zai iya kai shekaru biyar a gidan yari, na fuskantar cikas ta hanyar cin hanci da rashawa, rashin ingantaccen aikin 'yan sanda, da fargabar kyama ga al'umma. Rashin iya aikin 'yan sanda yana haifar da yawancin laifukan jima'i da aka mayar da su zuwa ga kuskure. Rikicin cikin gida ya zama ruwan dare, inda ake yanke hukuncin daurin shekaru 3 a gidan yari, amma mata ba sa son kai rahoton lamarin, sannan hukumomi ba sa son sa baki a cikin abin da ake dauka na sirri ne.

An bayyana kaciyar mata a matsayin "mafi girman cin zarafin bil'adama a kasar Benin". Kimanin kashi 13 cikin 100 na mata da 'yan mata an yi musu fyade (sama da kashi 70 cikin 100 a wasu yankuna da kabilu), amma ba kasafai ake aiwatar da dokar da ta hana ba. Karuwanci, musamman karuwancin yara, shi ma ya zama ruwan dare, inda abokan cinikin suka kasance masu yawon bude ido. Haka nan ana yawan cin zarafi, inda dalibai mata da dama ke cin zarafin malamansu. Duk da cewa laifin aikata laifi ne wanda zai iya yanke hukuncin zaman gidan yari na tsawon shekaru biyu, aiwatar da shi ya yi kasala. Al’adun gargajiya da ba su dace da mata ba a yanzu ba su da karfin doka a kasar Benin, inda mata ke samun ‘yancin kai daidai da tsarin mulkin kasar, ciki har da harkokin aure da gado. Har yanzu, suna fuskantar wariya mai yawa na zamantakewa da aikin yi saboda halaye na al'ada game da matsayin jima'i, kuma suna da wahalar samun lokaci mai yawa don samun bashi kuma lokacin da gwauruwa ba su da 'yancin sarrafa dukiyarsu. Mata a yankunan karkara suna taka rawa a karkashin ƙasa kuma suna yin aiki tukuru. [9]

Matan da suka fuskanci wariya ko cin zarafi na iya neman taimako daga Women in Law and Development-Benin, Female Jurist Association of Benin (AFJB), da Women's Justice and Empowerment Initiative ta hanyar Care International's Empower Project. Wani rahoton Amurka na shekara ta 2012 ya yaba wa Benin bisa kafa Majalisar Kula da daidaiton jinsi da daidaito ta ƙasa.[12] [9][13]

Haƙƙoƙin yara

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hukumar kare hakkin yara ta kasa da ma’aikatar iyali ana dorawa alhakin bunkasa ‘yancin yara.

Yara sun zama ’yan kasa ta hanyar haihuwa a Benin ko kuma haihuwar iyayen da ’yan kasar Benin ne. Ba a rubuta haihuwar mutane da yawa ba, wanda hakan na iya haifar da hana ilimi, kula da lafiya, da sauran ayyuka. Makarantar firamare wajibi ne, kodayake yawancin 'yan mata ba sa zuwa makaranta. Auren yara ya yadu, duk da cewa auren yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 14 haramun ne a fasahance, tare da halatta auren wadanda ke tsakanin 14 zuwa 17 idan iyaye sun ba da izininsu.

A bisa al'adar ƙabilanci, sau da yawa ana kashe yara a lokacin haihuwa saboda dalilai daban-daban - alal misali, an kashe ɗaya daga cikin tagwaye saboda a al'adance ana daukar tagwaye a matsayin mayu. Yaran da aka haife su da wuri ko kuma waɗanda ba su yi kuka a lokacin haihuwarsu ba, ana ɗaukarsu mayu. Babban dalilin kashe wadannan yara shi ne, ana daukar su a matsayin tushen bala'i. Wani rahoto ya bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi kamar haka: “Da zaran an haifi yaron ta hanyar da ake ganin zai mayar da su mayya ko kuma na rashin al’ada, sai shugaban iyali ya ba da jaririn ga wani mai kisa. Daban-daban dabaru da ake amfani da su don kashe jarirai suna da muni. Sau da yawa akan yi karo da jaririn a kan bishiya kafin a binne shi ko kuma a yanka shi. Ba a kashe wasu mayu ko yaran da ba na al'ada ba. Gabaɗaya ana watsar da su, ana sayar da su, ko kuma ba su ga dangin da suka shahara don adana irin waɗannan yaran. Suna ajiye waɗannan yaran ba don soyayya ba amma don a yi amfani da su daga baya a matsayin hanyar musanya a matsayin bawa na gida. Wadannan yaran dole ne su rayu ta hanyar bara. Haka kuma rahoton ya yi nuni da cewa, duk da cewa dokar kasar Benin ba ta fito karara ta haramta kisan gilla ba, amma ta haramta kisan gilla, wanda ke nufin ana iya gurfanar da kisan gilla a matsayin kisan kai. Amma duk da haka irin waɗannan lokuta ba kasafai suke zuwa kotu ba saboda mutunta imani da al'adun gargajiya da/ko saboda wahalar tattara shaidun da suka dace.

Wata al’adar da har yanzu ta zama ruwan dare ita ce sanya yaro matalauta da iyalinsa masu wadata a matsayin ma’aikacin gida, lamarin da yakan haifar da lalata da sana’o’i da kuma fataucin mutane. Ana kiran wannan aikin "vidomègon". Sauran matsalolin sun hada da karuwanci da yara, wanda galibi yakan shafi yaran tituna, da aikin yara. Akwai yara kanana da yawa a kan titi, da yawa daga cikinsu ba sa zuwa makaranta ko kuma ba sa samun kulawar likita.

Wani rahoto da aka fitar a shekara ta 2004 ya jaddada cewa a yankunan karkarar Benin, inda ake fama da cin zarafin yara, iyaye ne ke kan gaba wajen wannan cin zarafi, tare da lura da cewa su ne ke da alhakin "kashe 'ya'yansu da ba a haife su ta hanyar da ta dace ba." ; su kansu malaman makarantun firamare su rika yi wa ’ya’yansu dukan tsiya, su kan nemi ‘yan sanda su yi wa ‘ya’yansu da suka aikata ba daidai ba, suna sayar da ‘ya’yansu ga masu fataucin yara. . . . Wasu daga cikin yaran da suke fama da tashin hankalin da wani dan gida ko jami’in gwamnati ya yi, ba su ma san cewa abin da suka jure laifi ne. Yawancin tashin hankali har yanzu ba a san su ba saboda wadanda abin ya shafa ba sa yin tir da su ko kuma don kawai sun dauki su a matsayin al'ada. Gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙarin inganta rayuwar yara a Benin, amma har yanzu lamarin yana da muni.

An ƙirƙiri Brigade na Kariyar Ƙananan yara a cikin shekara ta 1983 kuma "an ba da izinin yin aiki a duk lokacin da yara ke cikin haɗari na ɗabi'a ko na jiki. Yana aiwatar da ayyuka don hana laifin matasa. A ci gaba da zama cibiyar da ake magance matsalolin da suka shafi yara ta hanyar sada zumunta. A cewar jami’anta, rawar da take takawa ita ce ta zamantakewa a yau.”

Benin ba ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Hague ta 1980 kan al'amuran da suka shafi satar yara na ƙasa da ƙasa, amma ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin yara a 1990, Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan Hakki da Jin Dadin Yara a shekara ta 1996, da kuma Yarjejeniyar No. 182 na ILO a cikin shekara ta 2004.[14]

Haƙƙin naƙasassu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babu wata doka da ta hana nuna bambanci ga nakasassu, kodayake gwamnati, a karkashin doka, yakamata ta kula da irin wadannan mutane. Haka kuma babu wata doka da ke buƙatar kowane gine-gine, na jama'a ko akasin haka, ya zama abin shigar da keken hannu. Babu kadan a cikin hanyar taimakon hukumomi ga nakasassu, wadanda galibi ke tallafa wa kansu ta hanyar bara. Akwai, duk da haka, kariya a cikin dokar aiki ga nakasassu ma'aikata.[9]

Haƙƙin LGBT

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin wani rahoto na shekara ta 2012, Amurka ta lura da kin amincewar Benin na shawarar da ta gabata cewa ta "lalata dangantakar jima'i tsakanin masu yarda, masu jima'i" tare da nuna damuwa "game da 'yan LGBT a Benin", suna tambayar: "Wane ayyuka ko shirye-shiryen ilimi kuke yi. Shin akwai wurin tabbatar da aminci da walwalar 'yan LGBT?" Rahoton ya yi kira ga Benin da ta "[d] ta hukunta dangantakar jima'i tsakanin masu yarda, masu jinsi daya da kafa shirye-shiryen ilimi da kuma manufofin da suka dace ga 'yan sanda wadanda ke inganta tsaron lafiyar dukkan 'yan kasar Benin ba tare da la'akari da yanayin jima'i ba".

Haƙƙin HIV/AIDS

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne a nuna wa mutane wariya dangane da matsayin HIV, kuma ba a yawan samun irin wannan wariyar ba.

Haƙƙoƙin tsiraru

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babu wata kabila mafi rinjaye a Benin. An wakilta kabilu da dama a cikin ma'aikatun gwamnati.

Hakkokin 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai tsarin kare 'yan gudun hijira, wanda ƙasar ta rike kusan 7,300 a ƙarshen shekara ta 2010, yawancinsu 'yan kasar Togo ne. Benin tana aiki tare da UNHCR da sauran ƙungiyoyi don taimakawa irin waɗannan mutane. Ana gayyatar waɗanda ba su cancanci zama ɗan gudun hijira ba don neman izinin zama.

Haƙƙin ma'aikata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An ba wa ma’aikata damar hada kai su yi yajin aikin, duk da cewa ana bukatar su ba da sanarwar yajin aikin na kwanaki uku kuma gwamnati na iya haramta su saboda wasu dalilai. Ma'aikata, ban da waɗanda ke cikin jigilar kayayyaki, suma suna da damar yin ciniki tare. Akwai kwamitin tuntubar juna ta kasa da ke shiga irin wannan tattaunawa. Yin aikin tilas ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, ko da yake yana samuwa a sassa da dama, tare da yara sau da yawa. Yara a ƙarƙashin 12 ba za su iya aiki a kowane aiki ba; waɗanda ke tsakanin 12 zuwa 14 na iya yin aiki mai sauƙi ko riƙe ayyukan gida. Amma waɗannan hane-hane ba a cika aiwatar da su ba, kuma a zahiri yara 'yan ƙasa da bakwai suna aiki a gonaki, kasuwanci, gine-gine, kasuwanni, da sauran wurare, tare da sanya wasu zuwa “wakilai” kuma a sanya su aiki a wasu ƙasashe.

Sakamakon karancin sufeto, ana aiwatar da ka'idar aiki mara kyau kuma a cikin abin da ake kira na yau da kullun. Akwai mafi karancin albashi amma yana da rahusa, kuma akwai hani iri-iri kan lokutan aiki da makamantansu amma galibi ana aiwatar da su ne kawai a “bangaren hukuma”. Hakanan ba a aiwatar da ka'idojin lafiya da aminci yadda ya kamata.

Haƙƙoƙin mutanen da ake kamawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kame ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne, amma yana faruwa. ‘Yan sanda da jami’an Jandarma ba su da kayan aiki da kuma ba su da horo, duk da cewa gwamnati ta yi kokarin inganta lamarin. A ƙarƙashin kundin tsarin mulkin, ba za a iya kama wadanda ake tuhuma ba tare da sammaci da shaida ba kuma dole ne alkali ya gurfanar da shi a gaban kuliya cikin sa'o'i 48, amma ba a kiyaye wadannan ƙa'idojin ba. Ana mutunta haƙƙin waɗanda ake tuhuma na gaggawar yanke hukunci, duk da haka, kamar yadda yake da haƙƙin neman wakilci da ziyartar dangi.

Akwai matsalar ta’addancin da ’yan daba ke yi a kan wadanda ake zargi da aikata laifuka wadanda suke ganin ba a hukunta su a gaban kotu ba; Ba a kama ’yan irin wadannan ’yan ta’adda ba. Wani rahoto ya nuna cewa yaduwar wannan al'ada a kasar Benin ya shafi yadda ake amfani da shi a baya a Najeriya.

Ko da yake kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar Benin da dokokin kasar sun hana azabtar da mutane, amma hakan yana faruwa, kuma ana yawan bugun fursunonin. A shekara ta 2010, Adam Yessoufa ya mutu a gidan yari bayan da jami'an tsaro suka yi masa dukan tsiya. Babu wani bayani game da lamarin da aka bai wa jama'a kuma ba a tuhumi kowa ba. Wani rahoto na shekara ta 2004 ya nuna cewa a kullum ba a hukunta ayyukan cin zarafi da hukumomi ke yi a Benin. Rahoton ya ci gaba da cewa, jami’an tsaro ba sa jinkirin yin amfani da sarka da duwawun taba sigari wajen mallaki ‘yan uwansu ko ‘yan uwansu, inda ya ba da misali da wani dan sandan jandarma da ya daure matarsa tare da amfani da hayaki mai sa hawaye.

Haƙƙoƙin mutanen da ake shari'a

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Yawancin lokaci ana jinkirta gwaji saboda cunkoson doki da rashin isassun ma'aikata da kayan aiki. Ko da yake ya kamata bangaren shari’a ya kasance mai cin gashin kansa, amma yana da saukin tasiri daga sauran bangarorin gwamnati. Akwai cin hanci da rashawa. Wadanda ake tuhuma suna da haƙƙoƙin da aka saba a ƙarƙashin dokar farar hula na Faransa da al'adun gida, gami da yancin yin shari'ar juri, da ɗaukan rashin laifi, haƙƙin lauya, 'yancin fuskantar shaidu, da 'yancin ɗaukaka. Gabaɗaya ana mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. Kasancewar ba a yi wa matasan da ake tuhuma shari’a a kotunan yara yana wakiltar cin zarafin ƙa’idodin duniya.

Haƙƙoƙin fursunoni

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gidajen yarin Benin na cike da cunkoson jama’a, inda daya daga cikin su ke dauke da fursunoni da dama wanda ya ninka karfin da ake da shi a hukumance. Daga cikin matsalolin da ake fuskanta a gidajen yarin Benin sun hada da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, cututtuka, rashin tsafta, rashin isassun magunguna, da rashin isassun iska. Ana yawan ɗaure yara tare da manya. Ana barin masu sa ido kan kare hakkin dan adam su ziyarci gidajen yari. Mata da yawa ana daure su da ’ya’yansu suna haihuwa a gidan yari ba tare da likita ba. Wani rahoto na shekara ta 2008 da IRIN ya yi ya nuna cewa, “[p] yanayin ɗaurin kurkuku a Benin yana da muni sosai wanda ya kasance tare da zaluncin ‘yan sanda, ɗaya daga cikin dalilai biyu da suka tilasta ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin bil’adama ta ƙasa da ƙasa Amnesty International ta sanya ƙasar a cikin yanayin da take yi na shekara-shekara a duniya. Rahoton kare hakkin dan adam a karon farko a shekara ta 2008". Wani rahoton gwamnatin Amurka a shekara ta 2012 ya yi kira ga Benin da ta “[i] inganta yanayin gidajen yari da sauran wuraren da ake tsare da su tare da rage cunkoson jama’a ta hanyar gina karin gidajen yari ko rage tsawon tsarewar da ake yi kafin a yi shari’a”. Rahoton 2012 na ACAT-Benin ya ba da irin wannan shawarwarin.

Har yanzu ana bin hukuncin kisa a kasar Benin, kuma ana yanke wa wadanda aka yanke hukuncin kisa hukuncin kisa, amma ba a aiwatar da wani kisa ba tun 1987.[15]

  • 'Yancin addini a kasar Benin
  • Fataucin mutane a Benin
  • Hakkin LGBT a Benin
  • Siyasar Benin

Bayanan kula

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
1. Lura cewa "Shekarar" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Don haka bayanin shekara ta 2008 ta fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu.
2. ^ Tun daga ranar 1 ga Janairu.
3. ^ Rahoton na 1982 ya shafi shekara ta 1981 da rabin farko na 1982, kuma rahoton na 1984 mai zuwa ya shafi rabin na biyu na 1982 da kuma gaba ɗaya 1983. Don samun sauƙi, waɗannan rahotannin "shekaru da rabi" guda biyu masu banƙyama an raba su zuwa rahotanni na tsawon shekaru uku ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.
  1. Freedom House (2013). "Freedom in the World 2013: Democratic Breakthroughs in the Balance" (PDF).
  2. Freedom House (2014). "Freedom in the World 2014" (PDF).
  3. Freedom House (2015). "Freedom in the World 2015" (PDF).
  4. "The Status of Human Rights Organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa Benin". University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  5. "Human Rights Violations in Benin". UNHCR. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  6. "Statement by the Attorney General of the Republic of Benin, Minister of Justice, Legislation and Human Rights, and Government Spokesperson, Hon Mr. Victor Topanou". African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  7. "Human Rights". Matrix. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  8. Freedom House (2012). "Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012" (XLS). Retrieved 2012-08-22.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 2010 Human Rights Report: Benin
  10. "Annual Report: Benin 2010". Amnesty International. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  11. "International Religious Freedom Report for 2011". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  12. "Human Rights Violations in Benin". Alternative Report to the United Nations Committee Against Torture. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  13. "Female mutilation Benin's main human rights problem". Afrol News. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  14. "Human Rights Violations in Benin". Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  15. "BENIN: Prison conditions violate human rights". Humanitarian News and Analysis. Retrieved January 11, 2013.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]