Hakkokin Ma'aikata

Hakkokin Ma'aikata
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Hakkokin Yan-adam
Relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator (en)	Target 8.8 of the Sustainable Development Goals (en)

Hakkokin ma'aikata ko haƙƙin ma'aikaci duka haƙƙoƙin doka ne da haƙƙin ɗan adam ɗaya waɗanda suka shafi alaƙar aiki tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikatan ta. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙin an tsara su a cikin dokar ƙwadago da aikin yi na ƙasa da ƙasa. Gaba ɗaya, waɗannan haƙƙoƙin suna tasiri yanayin aiki a cikin alaƙar aiki domin kashe zaman banza. Dayan shahararru shine haƙƙin yancin tarayya, in ba haka ba ana kiransa da yancin tsari. Ma'aikata da aka tsara a cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago suna amfani da haƙƙin yarjejeniyar gama gari don inganta yanayin aiki.

Bayanin aiki

A cikin tarihi, ma'aikata masu da'awar wasu masu radin haƙƙoƙin mutane sun bada gudunmuwar su domin tabbatar da dokar aiki. Kuma a lokacin tsakiyar zamani, tawayen manoma a Ingila sun kuma nuna buƙatar mafi kyawun albashi da yanayin aiki. Daya daga cikin shugabannin masu tawayen, John Ball ya shahara da jayayya cewa an haife mutane daidai yana cewa, "Lokacin da Adam ya yi tunani kuma Hauwa ta faɗi, wane ne mutumin kirki?" Ma'aikata sukan yi kira ga haƙƙin gargajiya. Alal misali, manoman Ingila sun yi yaƙi da yadi motsi, wanda ya ɗauki al'ada da zamantakewa da ƙasashe sanya su masu zaman kansu.

Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da Dokar Masana’antu ta 1833 wacce ta nuna cewa yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 9 ba za su iya yin aiki ba, yara‘ yan shekara 9 zuwa 13 za su iya yin aikin awanni 8 ne kawai a rana, sannan yara ‘yan shekaru 14-18 za su iya yin aiki na awanni 12 kawai a rana ba tare da sun jikata ba.

'Yancin ma'aikata kwatankwacin sabon tsari ne ga tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam na zamani. Tunanin wannan lokacin game da haƙƙin ma'aikata ya kasance ne tun ƙarni na 19 bayan ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago masu bin tsarin masana'antu. Karl Marx ya fito a matsayin ɗayan farko kuma sanannen mai ba da shawara game da haƙƙin ma'aikata. Falsafar sa da ka'idar tattalin arziki ya mai da hankali kan lamuran kwadago kuma yana ba da shawarar tsarin tattalin arzikin sa na gurguzu, al'ummar da ma'aikata za su mulke ta. Yawancin motsi na zamantakewar al'umma don haƙƙin ma'aikata sun kasance suna da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin da Marx ya rinjayi kamar masu ra'ayin gurguzu da kwaminisanci yan gurguzu masu ra'ayin gurguzu da dimokiradiyya na zamantakewar al'umma sun goyi bayan bukatun ma'aikacin kuma. Kaddamar da haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin ma'aikata na kwanan nan ya mai da hankali ne ga irin rawar da ake ciki, amfani da ita, da bukatun mata mata, da kuma yawan zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar jama'a ta duniya na baƙi, sabis, ko baƙi ma'aikata.

Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO)

An kafa Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) a shekarar ta alif 1919, a matsayin wani bangare na Kungiyar Kasashe don kare hakkin ma'aikaci. (ILO) daga baya ya zama cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kanta ta goyi bayan hakkokin ma'aikata ta hanyar sanya abubuwa da yawa a cikin bayanai biyu na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam, wanda shine tushen Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'yancin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu (Labari na 6-8). Wadannan karanta:

Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya sami aiki, da yancin ya zabi aikin da yake so, kuma ya sami halin yin aiki daidai wa daida kuma ya sami kariya daga rashin aiki.
Kowane mutum, ba tare da wani bambanci ba, yana da hakkin ya sami aikin yi daidai da na aiki daidai wa daida .
Duk wanda ke aiki na da hakkin a ba shi albashi mai kyau wanda zai tabbatar wa kansa da iyalinsa wanzuwa wanda ya cancanci mutuncin ɗan adam, kuma idan ya cancanta, a ba shi damar yin hakan, ta wata hanyar ba da kariya ta zaman jama'a .
Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya kafa kungiya, ya shiga kungiyar kwadago don kiyaye bukatunsa.

Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya huta da dama, ciki har da ma ya rage mata aiki sa'o'i da kuma lokaci-lokaci holidays albashinsa .

(ILO) da wasu kungiyoyi da yawa sun nemi matsayin kwadago na kasa da kasa don samar da 'yancin doka ga ma'aikata a fadin duniya. Hakanan an yi yunkuri na baya-bayan nan don karfafawa ƙasashe gwiwa don inganta haƙƙin ƙwadago a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar ciniki mai adalci.

Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Lebura sashen Duniya (ILRF)

Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Ma'aikata ta Duniya (ILRF) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke aiki a kan haƙƙin ƙwadago. Manufar su ita ce cimma mutunci da adalci ga ma'aikata a duk duniya. Ta hanyar yin aiki tare da sauran kungiyoyi a duk duniya, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin addinai, suna iya yin tasiri ga gwamnatoci da kamfanoni don canji.

Matsayin ƙa'idodin aiki

Kungiyar ta (ILO) ce ta gano shi a cikin sanarwar akan Ka'idoji da Hakkoki na Aiki, babban matsayin kwadago "an yarda da cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci". ^[1] Suna aiki a duk duniya, ba tare da la'akari da ko an amince da yarjejeniyoyin da suka dace ba, matakin cigaban ƙasa ko ƙimar al'adu. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun haɗu da ƙimar cancanta, ba ƙididdiga masu yawa ba kuma ba su kafa takamaiman matakin aiki, albashi ko ƙa'idodin lafiya da aminci. abinda ba'a so shine lalata damar yancin aiki na dan Adam a duniya domin hakan aka sako wata cibiya a ƙasashe masu haƙƙin ɗan Adam da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da Yarjejeniyar kan 'yancin ɗan Adam ta (CROC), yarjejeniya mafi ƙarancin haƙƙin ɗan Adam tare da ɓangarorin 193, da kuma (ICCPR) tare da jam'iyyun 160. An saka su cikin tanade-tanade daban-daban waɗanda suke da alaƙa da aiki a cikin kayan aiki masu laushi kamar UN Compact Global, da (OECD) Guidelines, da kuma (ILO MNE) Declaration.

Manufofin kwadago sune:

Yancin ƙungiya: ^[2] ma'aikata suna iya shiga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago waɗanda ba su da 'yanci daga tasirin gwamnati da tasirin ma'aikata;
'Yancin cinikin gama gari: ^[3] ma'aikata na iya yin shawarwari tare da ma'aikata a dunkule, sabanin daidaiku;
Haramcin dukkan nau'ikan aikin karfi: ^[4] ya hada da tsaro daga aikin gidan yari da bautar, da kuma hana ma'aikata tilasta musu yin aiki cikin tilas;
Kawar da munanan ayyukan kwadago: ^[5] aiwatar da mafi karancin shekarun aiki da wasu sharuɗɗan yanayin aiki ga yara;
Rashin nuna wariya a aikin yi: daidaiton albashi don aikin daidai .

A kasashe kaɗan ne daga cikin membobin ƙungiyar (ILO) suka amince da duk waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin saboda matsalolin cikin gida duk da haka tunda waɗannan haƙƙoƙin an yarda da su a cikin (UDHR), kuma sun zama wani ɓangare na dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa na al'ada suna da niyyar mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. Don tattaunawa kan sanya waɗannan haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin ƙwadago a cikin tsarin kungiyar Ciniki ta duniya, duba ƙa'idodin ƙwadago a cikin kungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya . Akwai wasu batutuwa da yawa a waje da wannan asalin, a cikin haƙƙin ma'aikacin Burtaniya ya haɗa da haƙƙin bayanan aiki, bayanin biyan kuɗi da aka tsara, tsarin horo wanda suke da 'yancin kasancewa tare da su, hutun yau da kullum, hutun hutu, hutu da aka biya da sauransu .

Batutuwan haƙƙin ma'aikata

Baya ga haƙƙin tsarawa, ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago sun yi kamfen a kan wasu batutuwa daban-daban waɗanda za a iya cewa suna da nasaba da haƙƙin ma'aikata. Kungiyoyin kwadago sun fara inganta yanayin aikin ma'aikata. Tun daga shekarar 1768 yajin aikin farko a New York masu zanga-zangar nuna adawa da rage albashi. Wanda hakan ke tasiri sosai wajen kwato hakkin ma'aikata musamman a bangaren albashi Wannan shine farkon motsi. Kusa da karni na 18, an kafa kungiyoyin kwadago don inganta yanayin aiki ga dukkan ma'aikata. ya yi yaƙi don samun mafi kyawun albashi, awanni masu dacewa da yanayin tsaro mai aminci. Kungiyar kwadago ta jagoranci ƙoƙari don dakatar da bautar da yara, ba da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da ba da taimako ga ma'aikatan da suka ji rauni ko suka yi ritaya. Anyi bayanin masu zuwa a cikin sassan masu zuwa.

Iyakance sa'o'i

Yaƙin neman zaɓe na ma'aikata da yawa yana da alaƙa da iyakance sa'o'i a cikin wurin aiki. Kungiyoyin kwadago na ƙarni na 19 sun yi kamfen na kwana takwas . Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na ma'aikata sun kuma nemi iyakance lokutan aiki, suna yin makon aiki na awanni 40 ko kuma mafi ƙarancin daidaito a ƙasashe da yawa. An kafa aiki na tsawon awanni 35 a Faransa a 2000, ko da yake wannan ƙa'idar ta yi rauni sosai tun daga lokacin. Ma'aikata na iya yarda da masu daukansu aiki don aikin na tsawon, amma karin sa'o'i ne a biya ƙarin aiki bayan lokaci. A cikin Tarayyar Turai aikin mako yana da iyaka zuwa awanni 48 gami da karin lokaci (duba kuma Dokar Lokacin Aiki 2003).

Bautar da yara

11Rose Biodo, 1216 Annan St., Philadelphia. Shekara 10. Aiki 3 lokacin rani. Zukatan yara da ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace, peck biyu a lokaci guda. Whites Bog, Brown Mills, NJ Wannan shine sati na huɗu na makaranta kuma mutane anan suna tsammanin zasu kasance da sati biyu. Shaida EF Brown. Wuri: Browns Mills, New Jersey /.

Masu rajin kare hakkin kwadago sun kuma yi aiki don yaki da bautar da yara . Suna ganin bautar da yara a matsayin cin amana, kuma galibi tana lalata tattalin arziki. Abokan adawar bautar da yara galibi suna jayayya cewa yara masu aiki ba su da ilimi. A cikin 1948 sannan kuma a cikin 1989, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa yara suna da haƙƙin kiyaye zamantakewar jama'a.

Yana da wahala yara suyi gwagwarmayar neman hakkinsu na asali, musamman a wuraren aiki. Sau da yawa ana basu kulawa. Masu ba da aiki suna amfani da aikin ƙuruciya saboda ba su da ikon yin ciniki tare kuma da yin aiki a wurin aiki mara kyau. Kusan kashi 95% na bautar yara na faruwa a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Misali na masana'antar da misalan ayyukan yara da ke haifar da mummunan rauni ko mutuwa da aka lura da su shi ne hakar ma'adanin cobal a DRC da kuma haƙar ma'adinai na tagulla a Zambiya, inda aka ba da rahoton yara suna shiga cikin kowane nau'i na hakar ma'adinai a kan kudin karatunsu. Akwai damuwa mai girma cewa karuwar buƙatu na albarkatu waɗanda suka haɗa da bautar da yara ga masana'antu kamar samar da batirin motar lantarki, zai ƙara kawo take haƙƙin ma'aikata. A Indiya da Pakistan, yara suna aiki na dogon lokaci a masana'antu daban-daban saboda bashin da iyayensu suka ci. ^[6] Iyalai marasa galibu a wasu lokutan suna dogaro da kudin shigar 'yayan su dan biyan kudi. A Misira, kimanin yara miliyan 1.5 ‘yan kasa da shekaru 14 suna aiki duk da cewa akwai dokokin aiki na kare yara.

Bautar da yara a Amurka

A Amurka, Dokar Ka'idar Ka'idodin Aiki ta 1938 (FLSA) ta hana aikin yara kanana domin tabbatar da yancin su. (FLSA) ta ayyana mafi ƙarancin shekaru don aiki zuwa shekaru 14 don ayyukan da ba na aikin gona ba tare da takaita awoyi, takura awoyi ga matasa 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 16, kuma ya hana aiki da yara yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 a cikin sana'o'in da Sakatare ke ganin haɗari na Kwadago.

A shekarar 2007, Massachusetts ta sabunta dokokin kwadagon yaransu da suka bukaci duk kananan yara su sami izinin aiki.

Yanayin wurin aiki

Masu rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata sun yi aiki don haɓaka yanayin wurin aiki wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin da aka kafa. A lokacin Cigaban Zamani, Amurka ta fara sake fasalin wuraren aiki, wanda ya sami tallata talla daga Upton Sinclair 's The Jungle da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire. Masu ba da shawara game da ƙwadago da sauran ƙungiyoyi galibi suna sukar kayan aikin samarwa tare da yanayin aiki mara kyau kamar gumi da haɗarin kiwon lafiya na aiki, da kamfen don ingantaccen ayyukan kwadago da amincewa da haƙƙin ma'aikata a duk duniya domin zai taimaka wajen inganta dokar

Tsaro da dorewar zamantakewa

Abubuwan da aka gabatar na baya-bayan nan a fagen dorewa sun haɗa da mai da hankali kan ɗorewar zamantakewar, wanda ya haɗa da haɓaka haƙƙoƙin ma'aikata da kyakkyawan yanayin aiki, rigakafin fataucin mutane, da kawar da bautar da yara ba bisa ƙa'ida ba daga samfuran da aiyukan da ake samu. Kungiyoyi kamar su ma'aikatar kwadago ta Amurka da kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka sun fitar da karatu kan kayayyakin da aka gano cewa suna amfani da ayyukan yara da masana'antu ta hanyar amfani da su ko kuma samar da su ta hanyar safarar mutane. An bayyana haƙƙin ma'aikata a ƙasashen duniya ta hanyar tushe kamar su Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta da ƙa'idodin aikin performanceasa na Financeasa na Duniya .

Albashin rayuwa

Kungiyar kwadago ta matsa lamba don tabbatar da dokokin mafi ƙarancin albashi, wanda hakan Kai taimaka wajen inganta kuma ana cigaba da tattaunawa game da ƙarin zuwa mafi ƙarancin albashin. Ko yaya, yan adawa suna ganin mafi karancin dokokin albashi suna iyakance damar aiki ga marassa kwarewa da masu matakin shiga.

Galibi ana jayayya akan fa'idodi da farashin saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje akan haƙƙin ƙwadago. Nazarin na Payton da Woo ya nuna cewa duk da cewa "ma'aikata ba za su iya ganin an sami kari mai yawa a mafi karancin albashi ba amma za su iya samun damar cin gajyar albashi ko kuma wasu kariyar da aka bayar a doka, a hankali a hankali za a inganta yanayin aiki gaba daya, yayin da karin (FDI) ke shigowa. "

Ma'aikatan ƙaura

Wasu lokuta ana cin zarafin ma'aikatan ƙaura na doka. Misali, bakin haure sun gamu da wasu zarge-zargen cin zarafi a hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ( gami da Dubai ). Kungiyar ta Human Rights Watch ta lissafa matsaloli da dama da suka hada da "rashin biyan albashi, tsawan lokutan aiki ba tare da biyan wani karin lokaci ba, yanayin aikin da ba shi da hadari da ke haifar da mutuwa da rauni, yanayin rayuwa mara kyau a sansanonin kwadago, da kuma hana fasfo da takaddun tafiye-tafiye da masu daukar ma'aikata suka yi. Duk da dokokin da suka hana hakan, masu daukar ma'aikata suna kwace fasfotin ma'aikata bakin haure. Ba tare da fasfo dinsu ba, ma'aikata ba za su iya sauya aiki ko komawa gida ba. Wadannan ma'aikata ba su da wata ma'ana don cin zarafin ma'aikata, amma yanayin ya inganta. Ministan kwadago da jin dadin jama'a Ali bin Abdullah al-Kaabi ya aiwatar da sauye-sauye da dama domin taimakawa inganta ayyukan kwadago a kasarsa.

An yi Allah wadai da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a cikin wani rahoto da Cibiyar Demokradiyya ta nuna gaskiya ta fitar a watan Afrilun 2021 yana kiran al’ummar kasar da cin zarafinsu da wariyar da suke yi wa ‘yan kasashen waje da‘ yan cirani a kan ’yan Masarautar. A cewar (DCT), baƙi da baƙi a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa galibi ana fuskantar wariyar jinsi da wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fata, fataucin mutane, da tilasta musu aiki. Kamar yadda binciken da (DCT) ta gudanar, wadannan batutuwan ba a bayar da rahoto ba saboda barazana da tursasawa daga masu ba su aiki ta hanyar rasa aiki ko tuhumar aikata laifi. Rahoton ya nuna wariyar da cin zarafin sun ci gaba duk da an sassauta tsarin Kafala a masarautar. (DCT) ta kammala rahotonta inda ta bukaci (UAE) da ta magance matsalolin sannan ta kawo karshen matsayin launin fata da wariyar da ake nuna wa wadanda ba ‘yan kasa ba.

Koelnmesse, kamfanin da ke da alhakin kula da rumfar da ke wakiltar Jamus a Expo 2020 ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Emirati Transguard Group don wanki, tsaftacewa, da ayyukan tsaro. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan Adam sun yi ikirarin cewa yayin sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tsakanin kamfanonin biyu, ba a manta da shaidun da ke tabbatar da hakkin dan Adam ba. An ce kamfanin ya hana fasfot da albashin ma’aikatan da ke karbar mafi karancin albashi sannan ya dakatar da su daga aikin ba tare da sanarwa ba.

Ma'aikatan da ba su da rajista

Hakki na daidaita daidaito, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi, asali da bayyana, addini, yanayin jima'i, kuma mutane da yawa suna ganin haƙƙin ma'aikaci ne. Nuna wariyar launin fata a wurin aiki haramtacce ne a kasashe da yawa, amma wasu na ganin bambancin albashi tsakanin jinsi da sauran kungiyoyi a matsayin wata matsala ce ta cigaba.

Yawancin ma'aikata masu ƙaura basa samun haƙƙin ma'aikata musamman saboda ba sa jin yaren gida, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin doka ba. Wadansu sun lura cewa ba sa samun daidai adadin kudin a kan albashinsu yayin da wasu kuma ba a biyansu.

Ma'aikatan da ba su da izini a Amurka

Dokar Hulɗa da Ma’aikata ta kasa ta amince da leburori marasa aiki a matsayin ma’aikata. Ko yaya, shari'ar babban kotun Hoffman Plastics Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB ya tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya bayar da bashin ba ga ma'aikatan da ba su da takardun doka ba bisa doka ba game da Dokar Shige da Fice da Kula da Shige da Fice ta 1986. A cikin wannan shawarar da kotu ta yanke, an kuma bayyana cewa Amurka za ta tallafawa (FLSA) da (MSPA), ba tare da la'akari da ko an rubuta wani ba ko a'a. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan da ba su da takardun izini, suna da kariya ta doka game da nuna bambanci dangane da asalinsu. Hukuncin shari'ar babbar kotun Hoffman da farko ya shafi leburori da ba su da takardu ta hanyar hana su samun kudaden da/ko mayar da su.

Duk da yake babu wani mutum da ba shi da takardu da zai iya aiki a Amurka ta hanyar doka, amma masu rubutun ba su da kaso 5% na ma'aikata. A Amurka, mutanen da aka haifa a wajen ƙasar sukan yi aiki a cikin ayyuka masu haɗari kuma suna da damar fuskantar mutuwa a bakin aiki. Sassan ɓangarorin albashi, waɗanda yawancin mutane marasa aiki ke aiki a ciki, suna da mafi girman ƙimar albashi da cin zarafin sa'a. Kididdiga sunyi iƙirarin cewa 31% na mutanen da ba su da takardu suna aiki a ayyukan sabis. Aikin abinci musamman yana da kashi 12% na ma'aikata marasa rajista.

Mutanen da ba su da rajista za su iya kuma sun shiga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, har ma takaddar yabo ta 2008 ta ba su "don ƙarfafa" ƙungiyar kwadago. Saboda (NLRA) tana kare ma’aikatan da ba su da takardu, yana kare haƙƙinsu na tsaro. Ko yaya (NLRA) tana cire ma'aikata waɗanda ke aikin gona, na gida, na kwangila masu zaman kansu, na gwamnati, ko kuma masu alaƙa da masu ɗaukar su aiki. An sake kare haƙƙin yin magana akan cin zarafin ma'aikata ta hanyar dokar sake fasalin shige da fice a cikin 2013 tare da dokar POWER, wanda ke nufin kare ma'aikatan da suka yi magana game da ayyukan kwadago daga fuskantar tsarewa ko kora.

Koyaya, ƙungiyoyin kwadagon ba lallai bane su maraba da ma'aikatan baƙi. A cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago, akwai gwagwarmayar cikin gida, kamar lokacin da masu kula da baƙi na Los Angeles suka sake tsara ma'aikatan sabis. Kasancewa cikin kungiyar kwadagon ba lallai bane ya magance dukkan bukatun ma’aikatan bakin haure, don haka samun karfi a cikin kungiyar shine matakin farko ga ma’aikatan bakin haure don magance bukatunsu.

Ma'aikatan baƙi suna yawan haɗuwa fiye da ƙungiyoyi, ta hanyar yin kamfen a cikin al'ummominsu kan al'amuran da suka shafi ƙaura, wariya, da kuma rashin da'a na 'yan sanda.

Dunkulewar duniya

A watan Maris na 2004, Hukumar Kula da Yanayin Zamani ta Duniya ta ba da rahoto mai suna "Kyakkyawan Dunkulewar Duniya: Kirkirar dama ga kowa". Rahoton ya yarda da yadda tasirin dunkulewar duniya zai iya shafar 'yancin ma'aikata. Sake fasalin dunkulewar duniya zai bukaci hadin kai ba kawai a cikin kasar ba har ma a matakin duniya. Ya nuna cewa hukumomin siyasa su "sabunta hankalinsu ga dunkulewar duniya".

Masu rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata sun damu da yadda dunkulewar duniya zai iya shafar haƙƙin ma'aikata a ƙasashe daban-daban. Wasu hukumomin duniya suna ganin tilasta aiwatar da aiki zai takaita cigaban tattalin arzikin wata kasa. Kamar yadda kamfanoni ke ba da aikinsu ga ma'aikata daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin albashi, gwamnatoci za su sassauta dokokinsu don jawo hankalin 'yan kasuwa. A sakamakon haka, kasashe matalauta suna aiwatar da ƙananan ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ma'aikata don yin gogayya da sauran ƙasashe. Binciken Layna Mosley ya nuna cewa haƙƙin haƙƙin ma'aikata ya ƙi tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa duniya a kwanan nan. Ta hanyar samun ƙasashe da yawa sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da yarjejeniyoyi, ana iya kiyaye haƙƙin ma'aikata a duk faɗin duniya. Ko yaya, wasu ƙasashe suna sanya hannu akan shi duk da cewa basa shirin bin ƙa'idodin. Sabili da haka, akwai damar samun damar ayyukan haƙƙin ma'aikata don wahala.

Ko yaya, wasu sun yi ikirarin cewa dunkulewar duniya na iya inganta aiwatar da haƙƙin ma'aikata ta hanyar amsa buƙatun wata ƙasa. Gwamnatoci za su yi aiki don bukatun kasa, don haka a lokacin da wata muhimmiyar kasa ta kasuwanci ta bukaci a karfafa karfi da hakkin 'yan kwadago, za su yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

Nuna wariyar ma'aikata

Kungiyoyin kwadago da aka kafa a duk masana'antar. Kungiyoyin kwadago a cikin kere-kere sun gano wahalar kafa kungiyoyin kwadago a matakan kwarewa daban-daban. Wadannan rukunin kungiyoyin kwararrun sukan sami rarrabuwa ta hanyoyin wariyar launin fata da na jima'i. A cikin 1895 farar fata kawai kungiyar Masana'antu ta Duniya. Shiga cikin Baƙin Amurkawa ƙarni na 20 ya ƙaura daga kudu zuwa arewa kawai don gano cewa akwai wariya a cikin damar tattalin arziki. Anyi amfani da kwatancen launin fata don rarraba ajin aiki da ƙirƙirar rarrabuwa. Wannan daga ƙarshe ya haifar da ƙirƙirar baƙin lambobi da dokokin (Jim Crow) don iyakance ikon Baƙin Amurkawa don ƙirƙirar wa kansu rayuwa. Dokokin (Jim Crow) da aka zartar a cikin shekarun 1800 sune Dokokin da suka hana Baƙin Amurkawa zama cikin fararen anguwanni, tare da keɓancewa a wuraren taron jama'a. wadannan an tilasta su don wuraren waha na jama'a, rumfunan waya, asibitoci, mafaka, gidajen yari da gidajen zama na tsofaffi da naƙasassu da ƙari.

Duba kuma

Bayani

Hanyoyin haɗin waje

↑ Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 1996 'Trade, Employment and Labour Standards: A Study of Core Workers' Rights and International Trade'
↑ ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 87
↑ ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 98
↑ ICCPR Art. 8, ILO Conventions 29 and 105
↑ CROC Art. 32 ILO Convention 138
↑ See Tucker, supra note 7, at 573; Weissman, supra note 7, at 11 ; Human Rights Watch, supra note 15, at 2; Cox, supra note 16, at 115.

[1] Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 1996 'Trade, Employment and Labour Standards: A Study of Core Workers' Rights and International Trade'

[2] ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 87

[3] ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 98

[4] ICCPR Art. 8, ILO Conventions 29 and 105

[5] CROC Art. 32 ILO Convention 138

[6] See Tucker, supra note 7, at 573; Weissman, supra note 7, at 11 ; Human Rights Watch, supra note 15, at 2; Cox, supra note 16, at 115.

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