Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx FRSA[1] (Jamusanci: [maʁks]; a ranar 5 ga watan Mayu shekarata alif 1818 zuwa ranar 14 ga watan March shekarata alif 1883) ya kasance masanin falsafa dan kasar Jamus, masanin tattalin arziki, masanin tarihi, masanin ilimin zamantakewa, masanin harshe, dan jarida, mai sukar siyasa kuma mabiyin juyin juya hali na zamantakewa.
Karl Marx masanin Falsafa ne Bajamushe, jigon jama'a, marubuci, masanin tattalin arziki, masanin tarihi. Bugu da kari, ya kasance mawaki, masanin harshe, dan jarida na siyasa kuma haziki masanin ilimin kimiya.
Cikakken sunansa Karl Heinrich Marx. An haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Mayu, shekarata alif 1818. a cikin dangin Yahudawa a Trier (Prussia). A shekarata alif 1830 zuwa shekarar 1835. Ya yi karatu a Friedrich-Wilhelm Gymnasium. Sannan ya ci gaba da karatunsa a jami'o'in Bonn da Berlin, inda ya karanci shari'a, falsafa da tarihi.
Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarata alif 1841, Karl ya sami digirinsa a fannin falsafa. Tare da matashiyar matarsa Jenny.Karl da Jenny sun san juna tin suna yara iyayen su abokai ne , ya ƙaura zuwa Bonn, yana da burin zama farfesa da koyarwa a jami'a. Amma ya zama edita kuma dan jarida na jaridar Rhine ta adawa, inda ya yi kakkausar suka ga gwamnati.
Jaridar Rhine Gazette ta kusan fito fili ta yi kira da a hambarar da daular Prussian tare da maye gurbinta da dimokradiyya. A shekara ta alif 1843, hukumomi suka rufe ofishin sa na edita, yayin da shida da matar sa suka koma Paris. A Paris Karl yana da abokai - masu ra'ayi irin nasa Friedrich Engels da Heinrich Heine.
Ba da daɗewa ba gwamnatin Faransa kuma kori ɗan jaridan ɗan tawaye (Karl) daga ƙasar saboda shiga cikin jaridar Vperyod mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Karl ya tafi Brussels (Belgium) na tsawon shekaru uku, inda ya buga littafin Manifesto na Kwaminisanci, wanda suka rubuta tare da abokin sa Engels.
Daga nan sai Karl ya tafi Turai daga karshe ya koma Landan. A nan ya fara aikin jarida, amma sai ya ci gaba da aikin littattafai. A shekara ta alif 1859. aka buga littafinsa mai taken The Critique of Political Economy, kuma a shekara ta alif 1867. aka buga kundin farko na Capital.
Karl Marx a shekarar alif 1864. ya kafa ƙungiya a Landan ta ma'aikatan ƙasa da ƙasa na dukkan ƙasashe, daga baya ake kiranta da "First International". Wannan kungiya ta kasance har zuwa shekara ta alif 1876.
Karl da Jenny sun haifi yara guda bakwai, amma hudu daga cikin su sun rasu tin suna yara . Ma'auratan sun rayu a tare har na tsawon shekara arba'in.Jenny ta mutu a shekarar alif 1881, haka zalika Karl Marx shima ya mutu bayan watanni biyu ta sanadiyyar matsala daya samu a huhun sa , yar farin Jenny ma ta mutu a janairun shekarar alif 1883.
Babban masanin falsafar Karl Marx ya mutu a matsayin marar kasa, mutumin da bashi da katin shedar kowace kasa. An binne shi kabari guda tare da matar sa , a makabartar Highgate dake Landan.
Cikakken sunansa Karl Heinrich Marx. An haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta alif 1818. a cikin dangin Yahudawa a Trier (Prussia). A shekarar 1830 zuwa shekarar 1835. Ya yi karatu a Friedrich-Wilhelm Gymnasium. Sannan ya ci gaba da karatunsa a jami'o'in Bonn da Berlin, inda ya karanci shari'a, falsafa da tarihi.
Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta alif 1841, Karl ya sami digirinsa a fannin falsafa. Tare da matashiyar matarsa Jenny.Karl da Jenny sun san juna tin suna yara iyayen su abokai ne , ya ƙaura zuwa Bonn, yana da burin zama farfesa da koyarwa a jami'a. Amma ya zama edita kuma dan jarida na jaridar Rhine ta adawa, inda ya yi kakkausar suka ga gwamnati.
Jaridar Rhine Gazette ta kusan fito fili ta yi kira da a hambarar da daular Prussian tare da maye gurbinta da dimokradiyya. A shekara ta 1843, hukumomi suka rufe ofishin sa na edita,yayin da shida da matar sa suka koma Paris. A Paris Karl yana da abokai - masu ra'ayi irin nasa Friedrich Engels da Heinrich Heine.
Ba da daɗewa ba gwamnatin Faransa kuma kori ɗan jaridan ɗan tawaye (Karl) daga ƙasar saboda shiga cikin jaridar Vperyod mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Karl ya tafi Brussels (Belgium) na tsawon shekaru uku, inda ya buga littafin Manifesto na Kwaminisanci, wanda suka rubuta tare da abokin sa Engels.
Daga nan sai Karl ya tafi Turai daga karshe ya koma Landan. A nan ya fara aikin jarida, amma sai ya ci gaba da aikin littattafai. A shekara ta 1859 aka buga littafinsa mai taken The Critique of Political Economy, kuma a shekara ta 1867 aka buga kundin farko na Capital.
Karl Marx a shekarar 1864 ya kafa ƙungiya a Landan ta ma'aikatan ƙasa da ƙasa na dukkan ƙasashe, daga baya ake kiranta da "First International". Wannan kungiya ta kasance har zuwa 1876.
Karl da Jenny sun haifi yara guda bakwai, amma hudu daga cikin su sun rasu tin suna yara . Ma'auratan sun rayu a tare har na tsawon shekara arba'in.Jenny ta mutu a 1881, haka zalika Karl Marx shima ya mutu bayan watanni biyu ta sanadiyyar matsala daya samu a huhun sa , yar farin Jenny ma ta mutu a janairun shekarar 1883.
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Babban masanin falsafar Karl Marx ya mutu a matsayin marar kasa, mutumin da bashi da katin shedar kowace kasa. An binne shi kabari guda tare da matar sa , a makabartar Highgate dake Landan.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ "Letter from Karl Marx accepting membership of the Society 1862". Royal Society of Arts. Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2022.