Harshen Tiv
| Harshen Tiv | |
|---|---|
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-2 |
tiv |
| ISO 639-3 |
tiv |
| Glottolog |
tivv1240[1] |
Tiv yare ne na Bantoid na Kudancin da ake magana a wasu jihohin Arewa ta Tsakiyar Najeriya, tare da wasu masu magana a ƙasar Kamaru. Yana da masu magana da miliyan 7 a cikin 2020. Ana samun yawancin masu magana da harshen Tiv a cikin jihar Benue a Najeriya. Ana kuma amfani da yaren sosai a jihohin Filato da Taraba da Nasarawa da Kuros Ribas da kuma FCT Abuja. Wannan ita ce mafi girma daga cikin harsunan Tivoid, rukunin harsuna na reshen Bantoid na Kudancin Bantoid na Benuwe-Congo .
Yaruka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tiv ba yare. Masu magana da Tiv zasu iya fahimtar juna a duk yankin su. Koyaya, lafazi ( ham ) ya wanzu.
Abubuwan lafazin na Tiv sune kamar haka:
- Ityoisha, magana a kudu maso gabashin, lura ga ta karin gishiri palatalisation na vowels.
- Shitile, wanda mafi yawan Tiv ke magana dashi a gabashin Kogin Ala Ala, yana da kyau a hankali fiye da sauran lafazin Tiv da wasula a cikin baƙon makwabcin su;
- Iharev, wanda ke ba da karin gishiri ga sautin magana [r] ~ [l]
- Kparev, wanda aka yi magana a tsakiya da kuma tsakiyar kudu;
- Kunav, ƙaramin lafazin Kparev ne, wanda aka lura dashi saboda fifikon sautukan [d͡ʒ] inda sauran Kparev suke amfani dashi [d͡z] .
Ocamus, musamman shuke-shuke da sunayen kayan aiki, canje-canje daga wannan ɓangaren yankin Tiv zuwa wancan.
Tarihi da rarrabuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Magana ta farko zuwa harshen Tiv ( dzwa Tiv ) Koelle ne (1854) ya yi daga bayi da aka 'yanta daga Saliyo . Johnston (1919) ya sanya shi a matsayin yare na musamman tsakanin yarukan Semi-Bantu, kuma Talbot (1926) ya haɗu. Abraham (1933), wanda ya yi cikakken nazarin harshe na Tiv, ya sanya shi a matsayin Bantu, yana mai bayyana cewa kalmomin na su sun fi kama da rukunin Nyanza na Gabashin Afirka fiye da Ekoi ko wasu yarukan makwabta. Malherbe (1933) ya yarda da Ibrahim cewa Tiv ainihin Bantu ne.
Duk abubuwan da ke Tiv kamar suna nuna fadada kwanan nan, watakila har zuwa ƙarni na 18.
Fasaha
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sautin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tiv tana da manyan sautuka guda uku (biyar idan tashi da faɗowa ana kidaya su azaman daban daban maimakon haɗaɗɗun sautunan da ake dasu). Ana amfani dasu mafi mahimmanci a cikin haɓaka.
Azuzuwan harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tiv tana da azuzuwan suna guda tara.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Mutanen Tiv
- Ate-u-tiv, bukkar gargajiya ta Tiv da ake amfani da ita don liyafa da taro
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Tiv". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.