Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Ghana
 Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Ghana | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
government agency (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Ireland |
| Mulki | |
| Hedkwata |
Johnstown Castle (en) |
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Hukumar Kare Muhalli, (EPA Ghana) wata hukuma ce ta Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation, wacce Dokar EPA mai lamba 490 (1994) ta kafa. Hukumar ta himmatu wajen inganta, kiyayewa da inganta muhallin ƙasar da kuma ƙoƙarin samar da dauwamammen ci gaban muhalli tare da ingantacciyar hanyar sarrafa albarkatun kasa, la'akari da al'amuran zamantakewa da daidaito. Yana kula da aiwatar da manufofin muhalli na kasa. [1] Manufar EPA Ghana ita ce gudanarwa, kariya da haɓaka yanayin ƙasar da kuma neman hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli na duniya baki ɗaya. Manufarta ita ce a cimma ta ta hanyar tsarin tsarin muhalli da tsarin kulawa da haɗin gwiwa tare da haɗin gwiwar jama'a, ingantaccen aiwatar da shirye-shiryen da suka dace da sabis na fasaha, shawarwari game da matsalolin muhalli da tasiri, dai-daitaccen aiwatar da dokar muhalli da ƙa'idojin. EPA Ghana ƙungiya ce mai tsari kuma mai samar da canji zuwa ingantaccen kula da muhalli .
Hukumar ta fara ne a lokacin da ake kara nuna damuwa game da illar da muhalli ke fuskanta daga ayyukan dan Adam na rashin kulawa, lamarin da ya sa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kira wani taro a Stockholm kan muhalli a watan Yunin 1972. An yi amfani da ƙa'idojin aiki a wurin taron, ciki har da kafa Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNEP). Matakin kafa Majalisar Kare Muhalli ya samo asali ne kai tsaye sakamakon shawarwarin taron Stockholm. Kafin wannan shawarar, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta zabi Ghana a matsayin majalisar gudanarwa ta ƙasashe 58 da aka kafa domin tafiyar da harkokin UNEP.
Kafin taron na Stockholm, Ghana ta ji bukatar kare muhalli, ta kuma shirya yadda za a kafa wata hukuma da za ta tunkari al'amuran muhalli a kasar. Ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun fara shirye-shirye a aikin muhalli; mafi sanannun sune:
- Kwamitin Kimiyya game da Matsalolin Muhalli (SCOPE) na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Ghana, wanda aka kafa a matsayin takwaransa na gida na ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa mai suna iri ɗaya.
- Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar don Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu (CSIR)
- Gana Working Group on Environment, ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar da ba ta dace ba wacce ta haɗa da damuwa gama gari game da al'amuran muhalli.
- Kwamitin kasa mai kula da muhallin dan Adam, wanda ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar ta kafa a shekarar 1971, sakamakon damuwar da hukumar tattalin arzikin Afrika da Ƙungiyar haɗin kan Afrika suka nuna game da bukatar kiyayewa da kare albarkatun Afirka.
Tarihin Majalisar Kare Muhalli[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPC) ta kafa ta ne a karkashin gwamnatin majalisar fansa ta ƙasa ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ignatius Kutu Acheampong . A ranar 23 ga Mayu 1973, Gwamnatin Majalisar Fansa ta kasa ta sanar da kafa Majalisar Kare Muhalli a karkashin Shugaban Farfesa EA Boateng, mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Cape Coast na farko . A ranar 23 ga Janairun shekara ta 1974 shugaban ya sanya hannu kan Dokar NRC 239, ta kafa Majalisar Kare Muhalli. A ranar 4 ga Yuni, babban lauya ya kafa Majalisar Kare Muhalli; Edward Nathaniel Moore a madadin kwamishinan tsare-tsare na tattalin arziƙi.
EA Boateng[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
EA Boateng, shugaban majalisa na farko, [2] ya fara aiki a ofishin wucin gadi a hedkwatar Majalisar Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Masana'antu (CSIR) a yankin mazaunin filin jirgin sama a Accra . Sakatarensa shi ne FKA Jiagge yana da kananan ma’aikata goma, wadanda suka hada da mai daukar hoto, ma’aikata biyu, direbobi uku, mai karbar baki, dan sako da mai gadin dare. Daga baya manyan ma'aikata biyu sun shiga EPC: Joyce Aryee da Clement Dorme – Adzobu. Majalisar, ta ƙunshi membobi 16 daga gwamnati, kungiyoyi da jami'o'i, sun haɗa da E. Lartey (Majalisar Kimiyya da Nazarin Masana'antu), DM Mills (Ma'aikatar Shari'a), EG Beausoleil (Ma'aikatar Lafiya), SKP Kanda (Ma'aikatar Masana'antu). ), BK Nketsia (Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje), M. Nicholas (Ma'aikatar Noma), JW Boateng, (Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation), A. Odjidja (Ghana Tourist Control Board), F. AA Acquaah (Sashen Sabis na Yanayi), J. Bentum-Williams (Ma'aikatar Filaye da Albarkatun Ma'adinai), PNK Turkson (Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Gidaje), S. Al-Hassan MK Adu Badu (wakilan gwamnati). [3] EPC wani bangare ne na ma'aikatar kudi da tsara tattalin arziki. Ta tashi daga ofisoshinta na wucin gadi a hedkwatar Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Masana'antu zuwa Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Gidaje sannan zuwa Tsohon Majalisa, inda ta kasance har zuwa shekara ta 1978 ta koma Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Kimiyya, Fasaha da Gine-gine.[ana buƙatar hujja]
BW Garbrah[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An naɗa Garbrah a matsayin shugaban riko na EPC a shekara ta 1981. Majalisar ta zama wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Lafiya, tun da ana tunanin cewa za ta yi aiki sosai tare da ɓangaren lafiya.
A lokacin fari na shekarar 1982, majalisar ta mayar da hankalinta kan dashen bishiyu kuma an yi kamfen na farfado da dazuzzuka na kasa [4] sakamakon sare dazuzzuka daga 1972 zuwa 1980s. [5] Hukumar ta EPC ta koma ma’aikatar kananan hukumomi da raya karkara domin yin aiki tare da majalisun gundumomi don tabbatar da dorewar muhalli. A cikin shekara ta 1983, gwamnati ta gabatar da Gangamin Kamfen na Bushfire na Ƙasa don rage wutar daji da ke faruwa a cikin ƙasar. Majalisar ta gudanar da shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a, kuma jami'ai sun zagaya a ko'ina cikin ƙasar don rage tashin gobarar daji tare da haɗin gwiwar majalisun gundumomi da hukumar kashe gobara ta Ghana .
Christine Debrah[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An naɗa Debrah a matsayin shugabar zartarwa ta EPC a shekarar 1985. Ta bude ofisoshin shiyya don kusantar da kare muhalli ga jama'a, musamman a arewacin Ghana. Ofishin yankin Arewa a Tamale, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Edward M. Telly, an bude shi a cikin shekara ta 1988 kuma an fara aiki akan ƙarin ofisoshi. Debrah ya jaddada ilimin muhalli, yana ba da gudummawa ga muhawara kan sauyin yanayi . [6] Ma'aikatanta sun halarci tarukan kasa da kasa don yin shawarwari a kai, da nemo hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli na duniya da na ƙasa. Don gudunmawar da ta bayar, Debrah an jera su a cikin jerin sunayen girmamawa na UNEP Global 500 kuma memba ce a kwamitin masu ba da shawara na Cibiyar Yanayi.
Franciska Isaka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin shekara ta 1990, an naɗa Franciska Issaka a matsayin shugaban riko na EPC. Ta ci gaba da fadada ta, tare da daukar karin ma'aikata kuma a cikin shekara ta 1991 ta bude Ofishin Yanki na Upper West a Wa ƙarƙashin jagorancin John Pwamang. Issaka ya tabbatar da cewa dukkan ofisoshin yankin suna da wuraren din-dindin.
Majalisar ta tattaro masana muhalli da masana ilimi don tsara Tsarin Ayyukan Muhalli na Ƙasa na 1991, [7] wanda daga baya gwamnati ta karbe shi. An amince da wasu ƙa'idodin muhalli na ƙasa da ƙasa a wannan lokacin, gami da Yarjejeniya kan Diversity (wanda aka sanya hannu a cikin 1992 kuma aka amince da shi a cikin 1994) da Tsarin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi ( sanya hannu a cikin 1992). An kafa ofishin Ozone na ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na EPC a cikin 1991 don kawo ƙarshen shigo da abubuwan da ke lalata ozone da ƙasar bayan Ghana ta amince da yarjejeniyar Montreal a shekara ta 1989.
Majalisa zuwa hukuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan kundin tsarin mulki na 1992 da zaɓe na ƙasa, gwamnatin Jerry John Rawlings ta National Democratic Congress ta kafa Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Kimiyya da Fasaha a shekara mai zuwa. An samar da manufofin muhalli na kasa, kuma an tura majalisar zuwa ma'aikatar don aiwatar da shi. A cikin watan Yuni 1993 an fara aikin kula da albarkatun muhalli na Ghana na shekaru biyar, wanda Bankin Duniya ya dauki nauyinsa, don tabbatar da ababen more rayuwa na ma'aikata. Hukumar ta fadada, kuma ya zuwa Disamba 1993 ofisoshin yanki shida sun fara aiki: Western, Volta, Gabas, Ashanti, Arewa da Upper Yamma. A shekara mai zuwa, ƙarin ofisoshin yanki uku sun buɗe: Central, Greater Accra da Brong Ahafo.
A kan 30 Disambar shekara ta 1994, Majalisar Kare Muhalli ta zama Hukumar Kare Muhalli a cikin Dokar 490. Dokar ta baiwa hukumar damar gurfanar da laifukan da suka shafi muhalli bisa doka da kuma gurfanar da su bisa karya doka. An kafa hukumar gudanarwa mai mambobi 13, karkashin jagorancin Arnold Quainoo . [8]
Peter Acquah[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An naɗa Peter Claver Acquah a matsayin darektan zartarwa na EPA Ghana a Cikin shekara ta 1994, kuma hukumar ta kammala dabarun gudanar da shiyyar gabar teku [9] don Ghana 1997. A cikin Satumba 1997, Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da "kyautar lambar yabo ta na'urar ozone ta kasa" ga EPA Ghana saboda kokarinta na aiwatar da yarjejeniyar Montreal.[ana buƙatar hujja]An buɗe matsayin wani ɓangare na Ofishin Yanki na Yamma don kula da matsalolin hakar ma'adinai a 1999, tare da Michael Sandow Ali shugaban farko.
A waccan shekarar, an samar da tsare-tsare [10] don jagorantar ayyukan hukumar. A cikin Nuwamba 2000, an fara aikin haɓaka ƙarfin aiki da haɗin kai don kimanta tasirin muhalli a Afirka (CLEIAA). [11] Acquah ya bude ofishin Tema, karkashin jagorancin Yaw Safo Afriyie, daga baya kuma Lambert Faabeloun, a shekara ta 2001 kafin ya yi murabus a wannan shekarar.
Jonathan Allotey[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shugaba John Kufour ne ya nada Allotey a matsayin babban darektan riko a watan Oktoban 2001, wanda Jam’iyyarsa ta kasa ta lashe zaben 2000. Allotey, tsohon darekta na Sashen Shirye-shiryen Yanki, shine ma'aikaci na farko da ya zama shugaban hukumar.
Gwamnati ta sanya hukumar a karkashin ma'aikatar kananan hukumomi da raya karkara. An nada hukumar gudanarwa, karkashin jagorancin Osagyefo Amoatia Ofori Panyin II Okyenhene na yankin gargajiya na Kyebi .
A cikin 2001, an buɗe wata makaranta a Amasaman don horar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙasa da na ƙasashen duniya kan kula da muhalli . An buga takardar haɗin ma'adinan ma'adinai , don haka kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai ba dole ba ne su sanya hadi; idan kamfani ya kasa kwato wurin hakar ma'adinan, za'a iya fitar da kudade don sakewa .
Allotey ya jagoranci tawagar da ta samar da Shirin Ayyukan Kasa don Yakar Fari. [12] Rahoton Tantance Bukatun Canja wurin Fasahar Ghana, wanda aka gabatar a shekarar 2005, shi ma ya samar da shi ne ta shirin daidaita sauyin yanayi na hukumar [13] wanda Ministan ya kaddamar da shi tare da tawagar kwararrun da ke shirya wani atlas na gabar teku. [14] Hukumar tana gudanar da ayyukan UNESCO Man da Shirin Biosphere a Ghana. A shekarar 2005, Daniel S. Amlalo, mataimakin darakta na hukumar, an zabe shi mataimakin shugaban hukumar kula da harkokin dan Adam da Biosphere ta kasa da kasa. [15] A cikin watan Mayun 2009 EPA Ghana ta karbi bakuncin International Association for Impact Assessment taron a Ghana, kuma Allotey aka zaba shugaban kungiyar. [16] Ya yi murabus daga hukumar a shekara mai zuwa.
Daniel Amlalo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An nada Daniel Amlalo a matsayin babban darakta na hukumar a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2010, tare da gyara ofisoshin EPA Ghana tare da samar da karin ofisoshi a Millennium Block. A cikin 2011, an samar da tsarin dabarun shekaru biyar na biyu na 2011 zuwa 2015.
An fitar da sadarwar kasa ta biyu ta Ghana a karkashin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi . A cikin 2011, EPA Ghana ta samar da ƙa'idodi don kimanta muhalli da sarrafa haɓakar mai da iskar gas a teku. Gwamnati ta sauya sunan ma'aikatar muhalli, kimiyya, fasaha da kirkire-kirkire a watan Janairun 2012 don inganta kirkire-kirkire a fannin kimiyya. Minista Sherry Ayittey ya sadaukar da Cibiyar Samar da Tsabtace [17] a Tema akan 20 Janairun shekara ta 2012.
Wani aikin haɓaka ƙarfin aiki, da nufin haɓaka sadarwar cikin gida a cikin hukumar don haɓaka aiki, ya fara a cikin 2012. Tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Kanada, sadarwa tsakanin babban ofishin hukumar da ofisoshin yanki an inganta tare da hanyar sadarwa ta intanet .
Ghana ta yi bikin cika shekaru 25 na yarjejeniyar Montreal a Ho a ranar 14 ga Satumba na shekara ta 2012, tare da taken "kare yanayi na tsararraki masu zuwa".[ana buƙatar hujja] nasara a gasar makaranta sun sami kyaututtuka. An magance matsalolin sauyin yanayi, tare da samar da daftarin dabarun daidaita canjin yanayi na kasa a waccan shekarar.
An naɗa Amlalo a matsayin darektan gudanarwa na EPA Ghana a ranar 3 ga Janairu 2013, kuma ya fara sabunta hukumar. An bude sabbin ofisoshi uku a Nkwanta (Volta), Damongo (NR) da Wulensi (NR) a watan Agusta 2013. Shirin Mutum da Biosphere na 2013 a Afirka ya zabe shi shugabanta.
| Shekara | Suna | Matsayi |
|---|---|---|
| 1974-81 | EA Boateng | Shugaban gudanarwa |
| 1981-85 | BW Garbrah | Shugaban riko |
| 1985-90 | Christine Debrah | Shugaban gudanarwa |
| 1990-93 | Franciska Isaka | Shugaban riko na zartaswa |
| 1993-94 | Farouk Braimah | Shugaban riko |
| 1994-2001 | Peter Acquah | Darekta zartarwa |
| 2001-10 | Jonathan Allotey | Darekta zartarwa |
| 2010-2020 | Daniel Amlalo | Darekta zartarwa |
| 2020 - yanzu | Hon Henry Kwabena Kokofu | Darekta zartarwa |
Ayyuka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Ilimin muhalli
- Ƙimar tasirin muhalli
- Dabarun kimanta muhalli
- Gudanar da muhalli
- Kula da masana'antu da ma'adinai
- Gudanar da albarkatun kasa
- Yarda da doka da aiwatarwa
- Kimar aikin muhalli da bayyanawa jama'a
- Bayar da rahoto kan yanayin muhalli
- Bincike kan dorewar muhalli
ofisoshin yanki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Shekara | Ofishin | Shugaban farko |
|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Yankin Arewa (Tamale) | Edward M Telly |
| 1991 | Yankin Yamma (Wa) | John Pwamang |
| 1991 | Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya (Bolgatanga) | Saaka O. Sulemana |
| 1991 | Yankin Gabas (Koforidua) | Johnson Boanuh |
| 1991 | William Owusu Adja | |
| 1992 | Yankin Yamma (Sekondi) | Albert Boateng |
| 1992 | Yankin Brong Ahafo (Sunyani) | Francis Zakari |
| 1993 | Yankin Tsakiya (Cape Coast) | Maxwell Nimako Williams |
| 1994 | Yankin Ashanti (Kumasi) | Emmanuel Mante |
| 1996 | Greater Accra (Amasaman) | Sunan Williams |
| 1999 | Tarkwa | Michael Sandow Ali |
| 2001 | Tema | Yaw Osafo Afriyie |
Ayyuka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shirin kula da albarkatun muhalli na Ghana ya fara ne a shekarar 1992 don kare muhalli bisa ka'idojin kasa da kasa, kuma an tura ma'aikata zuwa kasashen waje don yin karatun digiri na biyu. An buɗe sabbin sassa da ɗakin karatu, kuma an sami littattafai da bidiyoyi. A cikin 1994, an buga bayanan tarihin mahalli tare da bayanan 2,145 kuma an samar da jagororin tantance tasirin muhalli da hanyoyin. An gabatar da dabarun ilimin muhalli don Ghana a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1994.
Aikin ingancin iska na birane na EPA Ghana da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka don sa ido kan gurbacewar iska a Accra ya fara a shekara ta 2004. Sakamako ya nuna cewa a wurare shida, kura a gefen hanya da hayakin mota ne suka fi bada gudummuwar barbashi da iska.
A cikin shekara ta 1988, Bankin Duniya ya ƙaddamar da wani shiri na tsaftar iska ga biranen Afirka da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara . Bayan da jami'an EPA Ghana suka gano matakan gubar jini a cikin yara 'yan makaranta da kuma wadanda ke aiki a kusa da tituna, kamar 'yan sanda da matasa masu sayar da man fetur, an kawar da gubar mai a watan Disamba 2003. EPA Ghana, UNEP da Hukumar Lafiya ta Ghana sun sanya ido kan matakan gubar jini a Accra da Kumasi a cikin 2006 don tantance canje-canjen matakan gubar jini bayan kawar da gubar mai. An dauki samfurin jini daga hukumar ‘yan sanda ta Ghana da ma’aikatan matatar mai na Tema, da direbobin tanka da ma’aikata da masu karɓar kudaden shiga, kuma mutanen duk sun kasance cikin iyaka 20 na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya . µg/dl.
Shirin Ayyuka na Ƙasa (NPA) na neman kare muhallin ruwa na Ghana. Ayyukan da suka dogara da ƙasa sun ƙara gurɓatar ruwa daga magudanar ruwa na masana'antu da sharar da ba a sarrafa su ba, tare da lalata albarkatun ƙasa da kuma ƙarar zaizayar teku . Tasirin waɗannan ayyukan sun lalata ƙarfin bakin teku don tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba na zamantakewa da zamantakewa, kamar yawon shakatawa. Tare da tallafi daga aikin yanayin yanayin ruwa na Guinea na yanzu, NPA ta shirya don magance tsaftar gida, lalata kamun kifi, lalatar dausayi da na mangrove, gurɓacewar masana'antu da zaizayar teku tare da haɓaka iyawar hukumomi, shirye-shiryen ilimi da wayar da kan jama'a da ayyukan gudanarwa.
EPA Ghana ita ce abin da ke mayar da hankali ga shirye-shiryen Mutum da Halitta. A cikin shekara ta 2004 an kafa kwamitin MAB na ƙasa, kuma ya fara a 2005. Ghana ta shiga kungiyar kula da harkokin kasa da kasa (ICC) ta MAB. Kowace shekara, ana karɓar shigarwar don gasar lambar yabo ta MAB Young Scientist Award. Bayan bita, kuma an gabatar da mafi kyawun ga UNESCO don gasar; a cikin 2010, an ƙaddamar da hudu. Tawaga daga kwamitin MAB na kasa ya ziyarci yankin Bia Biosphere Reserve.
Ƙididdigar muhalli mai mahimmanci (SEA) ta fara a watan Mayu 2003. [18] An shigar da kimantawa cikin dabarun rage talauci na Ghana, kuma majalissar gundumomi 52 sun samar da tsare-tsaren ci gaba bisa ga SEA. [18] An samar da littafin SEA, kuma an gudanar da kima don sufuri da ruwa.
Haɗin gwiwar sarrafa ciwan ruwa masu ɓarkewa, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Bankin Raya Afirka daga shekara ta 2006 zuwa shekara ta 2011, sun samar da jagorar sarrafa ciyawa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Jimlar yawan ciyawa a cikin kogin Tano da Volta ya kai 6,066 hectares (14,990 acres), kuma kwamitocin ciyawa 20 na al'umma sun share tare da kula 500 hectares (1,200 acres) na wuraren ciyawa ta 2011. [19] A karshen aikin, an sayi masu saran ciyawa guda biyu don kawar da duk wata ciyawa da ke cikin Volta kuma Ministan Muhalli, Kimiyya da Fasaha ya ba da izini a shekarar 2012.
Fari na 1992-93, wanda ya haifar da gobarar daji, ya sa EPC ta nemi agajin duniya don magance matsalar. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta zartar da kuduri mai lamba 39/68B, inda ta amince da bukatar Ghana. A cikin 1984 Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) da Hukumar Raya Hamada ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) sun saka Ghana cikin jerin kasashen da ke samun taimako don yaki da kwararowar Hamada, kuma a shekarar 2002 an fara wani shirin kasa da kasa na yaki da fari da kwararowar hamada. [20] An fara aikin raya wuraren busasshiyar a watan Mayun 2006, tare da noman dazuzzuka a arewa da kuma karuwar noman guineafowl don samun kudin shiga.
Gurbacewar hayaniya ta yaɗu a cikin biranen Ghana, tare da manyan masu laifin ƙungiyoyin addini, mashaya da ma'aikatan gidan abinci waɗanda ke yin kade-kade da kade-kade da dare da kuma masu sayar da kaset. Bayan koke-koke daga jama'a, a watan Satumbar 2006 hukumar ta sayi mitoci goma sha biyar domin rabawa ga ofisoshinta na yankin. [21] Tare da ingantattun ma'auni, ana iya gurfanar da gurɓacewar amo. EPA Ghana ta keɓe ranar 16 ga Afrilu a matsayin ranar wayar da kan jama'a game da hayaniyar hayaniya don faɗakar da jama'a game da illolin muhalli da kiwon lafiya na wuce gona da iri. An fara aikin tattara bayanai na doka a cikin 2008 don haɗa dokokin muhalli a Ghana.
EPA Ghana tana da rukunin ozone, wanda ke da alhakin kawar da abubuwan da ke rage ozone (ODS) bayan Ghana ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Montreal, kuma an tattara bayanai game da ODS uss don asusu da yawa da sakatariyar ozone. An sanya idanu kan shagunan firji don tabbatar da aiki mai kyau da kuma gano nau'ikan firji a kasuwa. Shaguna kaɗan ne ke da CFC12 da R134a, kuma shagunan da ke da cakuɗen firji sun kama su. R-406A, sabon firji mai dacewa da tsarin CFC12 da HFC134a, an samo shi a cikin amfani. Taron karawa juna sani, tare da mahalarta sama da 1,420, an gudanar da su kan kyakkyawan aikin firji, hydrocarbon a matsayin madadin na'urar sanyaya da kuma canjin fasahar hydrocarbon. [22] An hana shigo da kayan aiki ta hanyar amfani da chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) a cikin shekara ta 2010, kuma an horar da jami'an kwastam kan gano su. An amince da buƙatun neman tallafin kuɗi daga wuraren ajiyar sanyi guda uku, kuma an duba wuraren. Jami'an EPA sun ziyarci manyan masana'antu guda uku masu samar da kumfa a Accra da Nsawam don tabbatar da amincin ma'aikata da kiyaye muhalli. [23]
Ministan Muhalli da Kimiyya da Fasaha ne ya gabatar da aikin raba shara . [24] Tare da tallafi daga Jakora Ventures, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa mai kula da sharar, an samu kwantena 6,000 tare da rarraba wa cibiyoyi guda 48 na ma'aikatun. Kowace cibiya tana da kwantena uku a kowane bene, kuma ana sanya takarda, filastik da sharar abinci a cikin kwantena daban-daban waɗanda ake zubar dasu kullun. Za a sake yin amfani da takarda da robobi, kuma za a yi takin sharar abinci. Idan aikin ya yi nasara, za a fadada shi zuwa gidaje da kasuwanni.
Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana bikin ranar muhalli ta duniya kowace shekara domin kara wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalolin muhalli na kasa. EPC ta fara bikin ne a watan Yuni 1975 tare da nuni mai taken "Mutum da Muhallinsa". A kowace shekara ana zabar jigo na daban, kuma ana juya bikin a tsakanin yankuna goma na Ghana. A cikin shekara ta 2006 an yi bikin ne a yankin Duase Ashanti tare da taken "Duniyar ku tana buƙatar ku; ku haɗa kai don yaƙar sauyin yanayi ", kuma a cikin shekara ta 2010 an yi bikin a Osino a yankin Gabas tare da taken "Yawancin nau'ikan, duniya ɗaya, makoma ɗaya". .
Shekaru 40[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hukumar ta yi bikin cika shekaru 40 da kafu a shekarar 2014. An fara bikin ne a ranar 29 ga watan Janairu, bikin ya hada da dashen itatuwa, laccoci, gasar makaranta, kyaututtuka da kuma cin abincin dare. Aikin Green City, sabon babban ofishin, ya fara wannan shekara kuma tare da bikin kaddamarwa kuma hukumar na neman izinin jami'a don horar da masana muhalli. Babban daraktan hukumar ta UNEP Achim Steiner ya shirya ziyartar hukumar, kuma an tsara mutane da kamfanoni da suka ba da gudummawar ganin Ghana ta kasance kasa mai kare muhalli don samun lambobin yabo.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Ministry of Environment Science and Technology, ″National Environmental Policy 2012″, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ Environmental Protection Council ″Annual Report 1974-75″ Accra Ghana
- ↑ EPC ″Annual Report for 1974-75″ Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ [1][dead link]
- ↑ EPA (2004), State of Environment Report, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ Debrah, Lt. Col. Christine (Rtd), 1989, Address to the Conference on Implications of Climate Change for Africa, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA, 5 May 1989.
- ↑ EPC, ″National Environmental Action Plan″, Vol. I, 1991, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ Roger Goking (2005). The History of Ghana, Green Wood Histories of Modern Nations.
- ↑ Armah, A. K., D. S. Amlalo (1998). Coastal Zone Profile of Ghana. Ministry of Environment, Science & Technology/Large Marine Ecosystems Project of the Gulf of Guinea. Vii + 111pp.
- ↑ Environmental Protection Agency (1999), Five Year Strategic Plan 1999 to 2003, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ CLEIAA (2004), Towards Development of a Professional Register of Core Environmental Assessment Practitioners and specialists is sub Sahara Africa
- ↑ Environmental Protection Agency (2002), National Action Programme to Combat Drought. Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ EPA (2004), Ghana: State of Environment Report, 2004, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ EPA (2005), Environmental Sensitivity Atlas for the coastal areas of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ EPA (2005), Annual Report, 2005, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ [2][dead link]
- ↑ [3][dead link]
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 [4][dead link]
- ↑ EPA ″Annual Report 2011″, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ EPA ″National Action Programme to Combat Drought and Desertification 2002″ Accra Ghana
- ↑ EPA ″ Annual Report 2006″ Accra, Ghana
- ↑ EPA ″Progress Annual Report 2004-2010″, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ EPA ″Annual Report 2010″, Accra, Ghana.
- ↑ [5][dead link]