Jump to content

Khadija bint Khuwailid

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Khadija bint Khuwailid
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Makkah, 6 century
Mutuwa Makkah, 619
Makwanci Jannat al-Mu'alla (mul) Fassara
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Khuwaylid ibn Asad
Mahaifiya Fatima bint Za'idah
Abokiyar zama Al-Nabash bin Zarara Al-Tamimi (en) Fassara
Muhammad  (Satumba 595 -  30 ga Afirilu, 619)
Yara
Ahali Hizam ibn Khuwaylid (en) Fassara, Awwam ibn Khuwaylid (en) Fassara, Halah bint Khuwailid (en) Fassara da Nawfal ibn Khuwaylid (en) Fassara
Karatu
Harsuna Larabci
Ingantaccen larabci
Sana'a
Sana'a ɗan kasuwa, wholesale merchant (en) Fassara da Ɗan kasuwa
Imani
Addini Musulunci
Khadija al-Kubra
Khadijah
Masallacin Khadijah (an saka sunanta a masallacin)

Khadija Yar Khuwailid (Larabci: خَدِيجَة بِنْت خُوَيْلِد, romanized: Khadīja bint Khuwaylid, c. 554[1] – Nuwamba 619) ita ce mata ta farko a gurin Annabi Muhammadu (SAW.), kuma ta kasance ta farko a Imani da shi. Khadija diya ce ga Khuwaylid bn Asad, Basarake daga kabilar kuraishawa a Makkah kuma hamshakin dan kasuwa, An haifeta ne kafin shekaran giwaye, saboda lokacin ba'a fara kirgen shekaru ba saida aka baiwa manzon Allah S.A.W Annabta, ta kasance uwa ga yayan annabin rahma Annabi Muhammad S.A.W, ita ya fara aura a rayuwarsa, tin kafin a turo shi da Annabta, Yana daga falalarta da ita yafara aura a lokacin da aka ba Shi annabta ita ya fara fada mawa, sa annan itace ta kwantar ma annabi muhammad da hankali a yayin da aka saukar me da suratul Alaq Ta nuname ba abinda zai cutar dashi saboda kyawawan dabi'ar sa.[2]

Musulmai suna kiran Khadija da "Uwar Muminai". A Musulunci, ita mace ce mai mahimmanci a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'matan sama' guda huɗu, tare da 'yarta Fatimah bint Muhammad, Asiya matar Fir'auna, da Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu. Muhammad ya yi aure da ita shekara 25.

Kakannin annabin musulunci Muhammad da matarsa ​​Khadija bint Khuwaylid

Mahaifiyar Khadija, Fatima bint Za'idah, wacce ta rasu a shekara ta 575,[3] ta kasance 'yar gidan Amir bn Luayy daga cikin Kuraishawa[4]kuma kani na uku ga mahaifiyar Muhammad, Amina.[5][6].

Mahaifin Khadija Khuwaylid bn Asad dan kasuwa ne [7] kuma shugaba. A cewar wasu asusun, ya mutu c. 585 a cikin Yakin Sacrilegious, amma a cewar wasu, yana raye lokacin da Khadija ta auri Muhammad a shekara ta 595.[8][9]. Haka kuma Khuwaylid yana da ‘yar’uwa mai suna Ume Habib binte Asad[10].

Sana'a

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Khadija ta kasance yar kasuwa mai nasara. An ce a lokacin da ayarin fatauci na kuraishawa suka taru don fara tafiya ta rani zuwa Sham ko na hunturu zuwa Yaman, ayarin Khadija sun yi daidai da ayarin sauran ‘yan kasuwa na Kuraishawa.[11] An bai wa Khadija manyan karamomi da dama da suka hada da ‘Mai tsoron Allah’, da ‘Yar sarautar Kuraishawa’ (Ameerat-Quraysh), da ‘Khadija Babba’ (Khadija al-Kubra)[12]. An ce tana ciyar da matalauta da tufatar da su, tana taimakon ‘yan’uwanta da kuɗi, da kuma bayar da rabon aure don rashin kyautata dangantaka.[12] An ce Khadija ba ta yi imani da gumaka ko bautar gumaka ba, wanda ya kasance al’adar Larabawa kafin zuwan Musulunci[13].

Khadija bata yi tafiya da ayarin kasuwancinta ba; a maimakon haka, ta ɗauki wasu aiki don yin ciniki a madadinta don samun kwamiti. Khadija ta bukaci abokiyar aiki don yin mu'amala a Siriya. Ta dauki hayar Muhammad matashi, wanda a lokacin yana da shekaru ashirin da haihuwa, don yin kasuwanci a kasar Sham, inda ta aiko da sakon cewa za ta biya don ninka aikin da ta saba.[14]. Da izinin Abu Talib bn Muddalib, baffansa, aka aika Muhammad zuwa Sham tare da daya daga cikin bayin Khadija. Wannan gogewar ayari ta sa Muhammad ya sami daukakar al-Sadik ('Mai Gaskiya') da al-Amin ('Amintaccen').

Ta aiki ɗaya daga cikin kuyanginta, Maysarah, don ta taimake shi. Bayan dawowar Maysarah ya ba da labarin yadda Muhammad ya gudanar da kasuwancinsa mai daraja, inda ya dawo da riba sau biyu kamar yadda Khadija ta yi tsammani.[15]

Mabambantan ra'ayi akan auren Ta da suka gabata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sigar Sunnah

Yawancin Ahlus-Sunnah sun yarda cewa Khadija ta yi aure sau uku kuma ta haifi ‘ya’ya daga dukkan aurenta. Yayin da ake muhawara kan tsarin aurenta, ana kyautata zaton cewa ta fara auren Atiq bn A'idh bn Abdullah Al-Makhzumi, sannan Malik bn Nabash bn Zargari bn at-Tamimi ya biyo baya.[16] Khadija ta haifa wa Atiq 'ya mace mai suna Hindah. Wannan aure ya bar Khadija takaba[17]. Tare da Malik, ta haifi 'ya'ya maza guda biyu, masu suna Hala da Hind[18]. Malik kuma ya bar Khadija takaba, ya rasu kafin kasuwancinsa ya ci nasara[19]. Daga baya Khadija ta nemi Muhammad. Girmanta gare shi ya kasance a cikin zuciyarta[15]

Shi'a version

Ibn Shahrashub ya nakalto daga al-Sayyid al-Murtada a cikin al-Shafi da kuma al-Shaykh al-Tusi a cikin al-Talkhis cewa Khadija budurwa ce lokacin da ta auri Muhammad[20]. Idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin al’adu da ilimi a Hijaz, da irin matsayi da matsayi da Khadija al-Kubra take da shi, a tsakanin sauran mutane, da wuya ta auri maza daga Banu Tamim ko Banu Makhzum (kabilan ‘ƙananan’ biyu; duba). Nassin Sunna a kasa).[21] Wasu suna ganin yaran biyun da aka jingina wa Khadija ‘ya’yan Hala ne ‘yar uwar Khadija. Bayan rasuwar mijin Hala, Khadija ta kula da Hala da ‘ya’yan Hala (bayan rasuwar Hala)[22].

Auren Muhammad

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Khadija ta baiwa wata kawarta mai suna Nafisa da ta je wajen Muhammad ta tambaye shi ko zai yi aure[23]. Lokacin da Muhammad ya yi jinkiri saboda ba shi da kudin da zai tallafa wa mace, Nafisa ta ce ko zai yi tunanin auren macen da ke da abin dogaro da kanta[24]. Muhammad ya amince ya gana da Khadija, bayan wannan taron kuma suka shawarci kawun nasu. Baffanni suka amince da auren, sai baffan Muhammad suka raka shi don yin shawara ga Khadija[15]. An yi sabani kan ko Hamza bn Abdul-Muddalib, ko Abu Talib ne, ko kuma dukkansu ne suka raka Muhammad a kan wannan al’amari[17]. Kawun Khadija ya karb'i maganar, aka d'aura aure. A lokacin daurin auren Muhammad yana da kimanin shekara 22 zuwa 25.[24] Khadija tana da shekara 40 a lokacin kamar yadda wasu majiyoyi suka ruwaito.[25] Sai dai wasu majiyoyi sun ce tana da kimanin shekaru 28 a lokacin auren.[26] Mahaifin Muhammadu da kakansa sun rasu kafin Muhammadu ya kai shekarun balaga, sun bar shi ba shi da kudi. Da wannan shawara Muhammad ya koma gidan Khadija[27].

'Ya'ya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Muhammad da Khadija ta sun haifi ‘ya’ya shida ko takwas[19]. Majiyoyi sun yi sabani game da adadin yara: Al-Tabari sunayen takwas; farkon tarihin Muhammad na Ibn Ishaq, ya ambaci 'ya'ya bakwai; mafi yawan majiyoyin sun gano shida ne kawai.[16].

Dansu na farko shi ne Qasim, wanda ya rasu bayan cikarsa na uku[28] (saboda haka Muhammad kunya Abu Qasim). Sai Khadija ta haifi ‘ya’yansu mata Zainab, Ruqayyah, Kulthum da Fatima; daga karshe kuma ga dan su Abd Allah. An san Abd Allah da at-Tayyib ('Mai kyau') da kuma at-Tahir ('Tsarki'). Abd-Allah kuma ya rasu yana kuruciya[19].

Wasu yara biyu kuma sun rayu a gidan Khadija: Ali ibn Abi Talib, dan baffan Muhammad; da Zayd bn Harithah, wani yaro dan kabilar Kalb da aka yi garkuwa da shi aka sayar da shi a matsayin bayi. Zaidu ya kasance bawa a gidan Khadija tsawon shekaru da dama, har mahaifinsa ya zo Makka ya kai shi gida. Muhammad ya dage cewa a ba wa Zaidu zabi game da inda yake zaune, kuma Zaid ya yanke shawarar zama.[17]

Kasancewa farkon mabiyiyar Muhammad (SAW.)

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kamar yadda hadisin Ahlus-Sunnah ya nuna, lokacin da Muhammadu (SAW.) ya ba da labarin saukarsa ta farko daga Mala’ika Jibrilu (Jibrilu), Khadija ita ce ta farko da ta karbi Al-Haqq (Gaskiya), watau ta karbi Musulunci[29]. Bayan yagama cikin kogon Hira, Muhammad (SAW.) ya koma gida gun Khadija a tsorace, yana rokon ta ta lullube shi da bargo. Bayan ya nutsu sai ya kwatanta mata abun da ya gani, Khadija, ta jajanta masa da cewa lallai Allah zai kare shi daga dukkan wani hadari, kuma ba zai taba bari wani ya zage shi ba kasancewar shi mutum ne mai son zaman lafiya da sulhu kuma a kodayaushe yana mika hannu. abota ga kowa[19]. A cewar wasu majiyoyi, dan uwan ​​Khadija Kirista, Waraqah bn Nawfal, shi ne ya tabbatar da annabcin Muhammadu (SAW.) jim kadan bayan haka[30].

An karbo daga Yahya bn Afeef yana cewa ya taba zuwa, a zamanin Jahiliyyah (kafin zuwan Musulunci) Makkah don karbar bakoncin Abbas bn Abdulmuttalib, daya daga cikin baffan Muhammad (SAW.) da muka ambata a sama. “Lokacin da rana ta fito, sai ya ce: “Na ga wani mutum ya fito daga wani wuri da ba shi da nisa da mu, ya fuskanci Ka’aba ya fara gabatar da sallarsa, da kyar ya fara kafin ya hada shi da wani matashi ya tsaya a kan. gefensa na dama, sa'an nan da wata mace ta tsaya a bayansu, a lokacin da ya yi ruku'u, sai yaron ya yi ruku'i, kuma idan ya miqe, su ma, idan ya yi sujada, su ma suka yi sujada. ' Sai ya bayyana mamakinsa da hakan, ya ce wa Abbas: 'Wannan abin mamaki ne, ya Abbas!' 'Da gaske ne?' Sai al-Abbas ya ce: "Ka san ko wanene shi?" Abbas ya tambayi bakon nasa, wanda ya amsa da cewa: "Shi ne Muhammad bn Abdullah, ka san wanene yaron?" Ya sake tambaya, 'A'a, ya ce wa bakon: 'Shin Ali dan Abu Talib ne. Amsar ta sake zuwa da rashin fahimta, sai Abbas ya ce, ‘Ita ce Khadija bint Khuwaylid, matar dan’uwana.” Wannan lamarin yana kunshe a cikin littattafan Ahmad bn Hanbal da Tirmizi, kowa ya yi bayaninsa dalla-dalla a cikin sahihin sa.

Khadija ta kasance mai goyon bayan annabcin Muhammadu, a ko da yaushe tana taimakawa a cikin aikinsa, da shelar saƙonsa, da kuma raina duk wani adawa da annabcinsa[31]. Karfafa ta ne ya taimaka wa Muhammadu ya yi imani da manzancinsa da yada addinin Musulunci[32]. Ita ma Khadija ta zuba dukiyarta wajen aikin. A lokacin da mushrikai da manyan kuraishawa suka addabi musulmi, ta yi amfani da kudinta wajen fansar bayi musulmi da ciyar da al’ummar musulmi[33].

A shekara ta 616, Kuraishawa suka ayyana kauracewa cinikayya a kan kabilar Hashim. Sukan kai hari, da daure su, da dukan musulmi, wanda a wasu lokuta sukan yi kwanaki ba abinci ko sha ba.[34] Khadija ta ci gaba da kula da al’umma har zuwa lokacin da aka dauke kauracewa a karshen shekara ta 619 ko farkon shekara ta 620[17].

Mutuwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Khadija ta rasu ne a cikin Ramadan shekaru 10 bayan saukar Annabta,[35] watau Nuwamba 619 A.D. Muhammad (SAW.) daga baya ya kira wannan shekara ta goma “Shekarar Bakin Ciki”, a matsayin kawunsa kuma mai kare shi Abu Talib shi ma ya rasu a wannan lokacin[36]. An ce Khadija tana da kimanin shekara 65 a lokacin rasuwarta[37]. An binne ta a makabartar Jannatul Mu’alla, a Makkah, Saudiyya.[38]

Wani hadisin kuma daga Muhammad bin Ishaq yana cewa: “A shekara guda ne Abu Talib da Khadija bint Khuwaylid suka rasu, shekara uku kenan kafin hijirar Manzon Allah (SAW) zuwa Madina, an binne Khadija a al-Hajun, Manzon Allah (saw). Allah ya binne ta a cikin kabarinta tana da shekara 40 a lokacin da Manzon Allah ya aure ta[39].

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan mutuwar Khadija, Muhammad ya fuskanci tsanantawa daga masu adawa da sakonsa da kuma wasu da suka bi shi tun asali amma yanzu suka koma baya. Ƙabilun maƙiya sun yi masa ba'a suna jifansa.[40] Muhammad ya yi hijira zuwa Yathrib, daga baya aka sa masa suna Madina, bayan rasuwar Khadija. Ana yabon Khadija da cewa ta kasance daya daga cikin fitattun mata guda hudu a duniya, tare da ‘yarta Fatima, Maryamu mahaifiyar Isah, da Asiya matar Fir’auna (Fir’auna)[41].

Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.
Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.


Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Cheema, Waqar Akbar (4 December 2017). "The Age of Khadija at the Time of her Marriage with the Prophet: Abstract". Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  2. ↑ Encyclopaedia of the Quran. Leidan: Brill, 2001. Print.
  3. ↑ Hendrix, Scott E.; Okeja, Uchenna (2018). The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History. ABC-CLIO. p. 452. ISBN 9781440841385. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  4. ↑ "Chapter 2: Early Life". Al-Islam.org. Archived from the original on 2002-05-04. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
  5. ↑ Haq, S.M. Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, vol. 1. p. 54.
  6. ↑ The Women of Madina. Ta-Ha Publishers. p. 9.
  7. ↑ Benedikt, Koehler (2014). Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism. Lexington Books.
  8. ↑ Guillaume. The Life of Muhammad. Oxford. p. 83.
  9. ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, pp. 148–149. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.
  10. ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, p. 54. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.
  11. ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina, p. 10. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 van Gorder, A Christian (2014). Islam, Peace and Social Justice: A Christian Perspective. Cambridge. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-227-17422-7. Archived from the original on 2018-02-17. Retrieved 2017-12-29
  13. ↑ "Khadijah, Daughter of Khuwaylid, Wife of Prophet Muhammad". Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017. "One particular quality in Khadija was quite interesting, probably more so than any of her other qualities mentioned above: She believed in nor worshipped idols."
  14. ↑ Guillaume (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford. p. 83.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 al-Tabari (trans. Ismail K Poona Walla) (1990). Volume 9: The Last Years of the Prophet (PDF). State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-691-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Khadija bint Khuwaylid". Tree of Faith. Archived from the original on 2012-04-07.  Watt, Montgomery W. (2012).
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 "Khadija". In P. Bearman; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2019. (First print edition: ISBN 9789004161214, 1960-2007).
  18. ↑ Watt, Montgomery W. (2012). "Khadija". In P. Bearman; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2019. (First print edition: ISBN 9789004161214, 1960-2007).
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 "Khadijah bint Khuwaylid". Islam's Women. Archived from the original on 18 March 2019.
  20. ↑ Ibn Shahrashub. Manaqib Al Abi Talib. pp. Vol. 1, P. 159.
  21. ↑ Amili. Al Sahih Min Sirat Al Nabi. pp. Vol. 2, P. 123.
  22. ↑ Amili. Al Sahih Min Sirat Al Nabi. pp. Vol. 2, P. 125.  
  23. ↑ Lings (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest iiiiSources. New York: Inner Traditions Internationalist. p. 83.
  24. ↑ Ibn Ishaq. Mustadrak Al-Hakim. Vol. 3. p. 182.
  25. ↑ Amili. Al Sahih Min Sirat Al Nabi. pp. Vol. 2, P. 114.
  26. ↑ Al-Hakim Abu‘Abdullah. al-Mustadrak. pp. Vol.3, 200 No. 4837. 
  27. ↑  Rahemtulla, Shadaab; Ababneh, Sara (Fall 2021). "Reclaiming Khadija's and Muhammad's Marriage as an Islamic Paradigm: Toward a New History of the Muslim Present". Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion. 37 (2): 91–96. doi:10.2979/jfemistudreli.37.2.06. S2CID 239073763.
  28. ↑ As-Sallaabee, Dr 'Ali Muhammad (trans. Faisal Shafeeq (2001). The noble life of the Prophet (PDF). Vol. 1. p. 107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-25. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  29. ↑ Guillaume. The Life of Muhammad. Oxford. p. 111.  Al-Jibouri,
  30. ↑ Yasin T (2020). "Khadijah, Daughter of Khuwaylid, Wife of Prophet Muhammad". Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  31. ↑ Guillaume. The Life of Muhammad. Oxford. p. 111.
  32. ↑ Abbott, Nabia (1942). "Women and the State in Early Islam". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 1 (1). The University of Chicago Press: 106–109. doi:10.1086/370632. JSTOR 542352. S2CID 162188874
  33. ↑ "The Deaths of Khadija and Abu Talib". Al-Islam.org. Archived from the original on 2010-01-09. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
  34. ↑ Guillaume. The Life of Muhammad. Oxford. p. 143.
  35. ↑ al-Tabari (January 1998). History of Al-Tabari, Vol. 39. p. 161. 
  36. ↑ Guillaume. The Life of Muhammad. Oxford. p. 191.
  37. ↑ "Chapter 12: The Death". Al-Islam.org. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
  38. ↑ Muhammad, Farkhanda Noor.Islamiat for Students Archived 2009-03-15 at the Wayback Machine. Revised Edition 2000: pp. 74–75. 
  39. ↑ Al-Hakim, Abu ‘Abdullah. al-Mustadrak. pp. Vol.3, 200 No. 4837. 
  40. ↑ Qasimi, Ja'Far (1987). The Life, Traditions, and Sayings of the Prophet. New York: Crossroad. pp. 77–78.  
  41. ↑ Rahemtulla, Shadaab; Ababneh, Sara (Fall 2021). "Reclaiming Khadija's and Muhammad's Marriage as an Islamic Paradigm: Toward a New History of the Muslim Present". Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion. 37 (2): 91–96. doi:10.2979/jfemistudreli.37.2.06. S2CID 239073763.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khadija_bint_Khuwailid&oldid=610526"