Masana'antar man fetur da ma'adinai ta Nijar

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Masana'antar man fetur da ma'adinai ta Nijar
aspect in a geographic region (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Facet of (en) Fassara Hakar ma'adinai
Ƙasa Nijar
Wuri
Map
 17°N 10°E / 17°N 10°E / 17; 10
Ma'adinan Nijar da aka sani kuma aka yi amfani da su, bayanan da aka samo daga Binciken Yanayin ƙasa na Amurka. Da'irori masu launi suna wakiltar cibiyoyin hakar ma'adinai na yanzu. Abubuwan da ba a yi amfani da su ba amma an tabbatar da su a cikin baka. * Zinariya : Au * Kwal : C * Lu'u-lu'u : Dm * Iron tama: Fe * Dutsen farar ƙasa : Ls * Phosphate : P * Man Fetur, ɗanyen mai: Pet * Tin : Sn

Masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai muhimmin yanki ne na Tattalin Arziƙin Nijar . Fitar da ma'adanai akai-akai yana kuma da kashi 40% na abubuwan da ake fitarwa.[1]

Kayayyakin ma'adinai da ake nomawa a Nijar sun haɗa da siminti, kwal, gwal, gypsum, farar ƙasa, gishiri, azurfa, da tin, da uranium . A shekarar 2006, Nijar ta kasance ƙasa ta huɗu a duniya wajen samar da uranium. A cikin watan Agustan 2006 an yi amfani da sabuwar lambar ma'adinan ma'adinai da kuma tsohon ofishin binciken ma'adinai na ƙasa (ONAREM), wanda alhakinsa ya haɗa da shirya shirye-shiryen binciken haƙar ma'adinai, an maye gurbinsu da sabbin ƙungiyoyi biyu da aka kafa: Cibiyar Binciken ƙasa da Ma'adinai da Kamfanin Ma'adinai na Nijar (SOPaMin). ) . SOPaMin ita ce ta rike hannun jarin jihar a cikin kamfanonin uranium da ake da su kuma ita ce ke kula da harkokin kasuwanci, kamar siyar da uranium. Tun lokacin da aka amince da sabuwar dokar hakar ma'adinai, gwamnati ta ba da adadi mai yawa na sabbin izinin binciken ma'adinai. Nijar ta shiga cikin shirin bayyana gaskiya na masana'antu ( EITI ) a shekarar 2005, kuma, a matsayin wani bangare na kokarin EITI, a karshen shekarar 2006, an nada kwamitin tuntuba na kasa, wanda ya hada da wakilan jama'a. Rahoton bincike na farko wanda ya daidaita kudaden shiga da kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai suka biya tare da rasit na gwamnati an shirya bayar da shi a ƙarshen shekarar 2007. [2] [3]

Ma'adanai a cikin Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ɓangaren ma'adinai na Nijar ya kai kusan kashi 3% na GDP da kuma kashi 40% na kayan da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje. A cewar Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF), sabon sha'awar samar da makamashin nukiliya ya haifar da karuwar bukatar uranium, da karfafa fadada zuba jari a ma'adinan uranium da ake da su, da kuma inganta bincike. Saka hannun jari kai tsaye daga ketare a fannin ta shahararren kamfanin Faransa AREVA daga shekarar 2008 zuwa ta 2012 an yi hasashen zai kai dala biliyan 1.4, wanda zai ninka karfin samar da uranium na kasar.[2][4]

Uranium[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

Arlit ma'adanin buɗaɗɗen ramin uranium wanda SOMAIR ke gudanarwa kusa da Arlit, Nijar

Tun daga shekarun 1950, Nijar an san cewa tana da manyan ma'adinan Uranium a cikin hamada da ke arewacin yankin Agadez, wanda ke da nisan 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) arewa maso gabashin Niamey.[5] [6]

A cikin shekarar 1971, an kuma buɗe ma'adinan farko a wajen Arlit kuma SOMAIR, wani kamfani na ƙasa da Areva da gwamnatin Nijar a matsayin masu hannun jari. SOMAIR mallakin Areva ne da kashi 63.4% sai kuma gwamnatin Nijar da kashi 36.6% kuma tana da ma’aikata kusan 600.</br> A cikin shekarar 1978, aikin hakar uranium na biyu ya fara aiki a Akokan kusa da Arlit kuma kamfanin COMINAK ne ke gudanar da shi, kamar SOMAIR tare da Areva da gwamnatin Nijar a matsayin masu hannun jari. COMINAK mallakin Areva NC ne da kashi 34%, gwamnatin Nijar na da kashi 31%, Kamfanin Haɓaka albarkatun uranium na Japan mai kashi 25%, da Enusa industrias avanzadas, Sa ta Spain mai kashi 10% kuma tana da ma'aikata kusan 1,100. Ma'adinan karkashin kasa na Akokan shi ne mafi girman ma'adinin uranium a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a duniya. Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai sun haifar da haɓakar tattalin arziki a ƙasar, yayin da kasafin kuɗin Nijar ya bunkasa a shekarun 1970 saboda farashin Uranium da aka samu. Uranium da aka ciro daga SOMAIR da COMINAK da farko kamfanoni na Faransa ne suka siyar da su gabaɗaya, inda daga baya aka sake sabunta kwangilolin don baiwa Nijar gabaɗayan biyan kuɗin kwangila, hayar da ma’adanin da za ta iya siyarwa a kasuwannin duniya.

Baya ga ma'adinan SOMAIR da COMINAK, ma'adinan Azelik da ke da 200 kilometres (120 mi) na Arlit an buɗe shi a cikin 2011 kuma SOMINA yana sarrafa shi. Masu ruwa da tsaki a SOMINA sun hada da: Kamfanin Nukiliya na kasar Sin ya samu kashi 37.2%, gwamnatin Nijar ta hannun kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na kasa (SOPAMIN) da kashi 33%, ZXJOY dan kasar Sin mai kashi 24.8% da kuma KORES na kasar Koriya da kashi 5%.Samar da uranium ya karu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya wuce daga tan 2993 a shekarar 2008 zuwa tan 4821 a shekarar 2012. Ana hako ma'adinin Uranium a yankin Arlit ( Yankin Agadez ) a matsayin Triuranium octoxide.[7] a'adinan SOMAIR yana da ajiyar uranium na tan 14,000 (tare da U3O8 @ 0.3%) kamar na shekarar 2011 kuma yana iya samar da tan 2,700 a kowace shekara.[8][9] Yarjejeniyar COMINAK ta kai ton 29,000 (U3O8 @ 0.4%) kuma tana da ƙarfin samarwa na ton 1,500 a kowace shekara. [8] [9] Ma'adinan Azelik da SOMINA ke sarrafawa yana samar da adadin ton 700 a kowace shekara a shekarar 2011, kuma ana sa ran zai karu zuwa tan 2500 a kowace shekara nan da 2015.[10]

Ma'adinin Imouraren, wanda ake ginawa a halin yanzu, ana sa ran zai sami mafi girma a ajiyar uranium a Nijar (tan 120,000) duk da cewa yana da ƙarancin ma'aunin uranium (U3O8 @ 0.15%). Mahakar ma'adinan Imouraren, mai tazarar 80 kilometres (50 mi) kudu da Arlit, an ba shi a watan Yuli 2006 ga Areva don wani ma'adinai da aka gano a 1969. An yi aiki da mutane ɗari a wurin a cikin 2006 kuma fiye da 55 kilometres (34 mi) na aikin hakowa na ci gaba a wurin cikin tsawon shekara guda kuma an tura sama da ton 2 na ma'adinai don gwaji zuwa dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Areva [2] [11] Duk da haka an yanke shawarar a cikin 2014 ta Areva da kamfanin. Gwamnatin Nijar biyo bayan wata sabuwar tattaunawa ta kwantiragin da shirin kaddamar da ma'adinan zai jinkirta har sai an samu kyakkyawan yanayin kasuwa.

Kwal[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tarihin binciken kwal da haƙar ma'adinan ya samo asali ne tun a shekarar 1968 lokacin da aka gano ma'adanar kwal a Anou Araren ta wata tawagar bincike ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hukumar Nukiliya ta Faransa Commissariat à l'énergie atomique.[12] Wannan gano da kuma kamanceceniya da aka gano tare da yin amfani da ma'adinan Uranium a wannan yanki na Nijar ya haifar da samar da SONICHAR a shekarar 1975. Manufar ita ce ta hakar gawayin da za a yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai don samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ga ayyukan haƙar uranium a Arlit. A cikin shekarar 1980, an fara aikin hakar kwal a Anou Araren kuma bayan shekara guda, tashar wutar lantarki ta fara aiki. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ayyukan hakar kwal sun tsaya cak. A shekara ta 2008, ana adana kwal. A cikin shekarar 2014, an fara ginin ma'adinan kwal na biyu a Salkadamna a Takanamatt, Yankin Tahoua . Kwal da aka hako daga ma'adinan za ta samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 600 da kuma na'urar briquette na kwal daura da ma'adinan.[13][14]

Zinariya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  An dade da sanin tarin zinare da ake amfani da su a yankin kudu maso yammacin Nijar da kuma a yankin Agadez da ke arewacin kasar. An riga an gudanar da aikin hakar zinare na fasaha tsakanin kogin Niger da kan iyaka da Burkina Faso[15] A cikin 2004, Samira Hill Gold Mine, wanda kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Liptako ke sarrafa, ya fara samarwa. Kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Liptako mallakin wasu kamfanoni biyu na kasar Canada kashi 40% kowanne da gwamnatin Nijar da kashi 20%. Yawan zinare a shekarar 2011 shine 1,564 kg daga wannan ma'adanin kuma ya ragu a hankali tun 2008. A cikin 2014, an gano ma'adinan zinare guda biyu a yankin Agadez na Djado da Dutsen Ibl, 700 da 360. kilomita daga birnin Agadez, bi da bi.[16] An gano wurin a Djado a cikin watan Afrilun 2014 kuma ya haifar da tseren zinare wanda ya jawo hankalin mazauna Agadez da masu neman mafaka daga kasashe makwabta kamar Chadi, Sudan da Burkina Faso. An dakatar da ayyukan da ake yi a wurin na Djado na wani dan lokaci domin tsara ayyukan bincike da hako sana'o'i, don inganta ababen more rayuwa, musamman samar da ruwa da kuma inganta tsaro. An gano wurin kusa da Dutsen Ibl a watan Satumbar 2014. Ana buƙatar izinin bincike ga duk masu neman izini kafin shiga rukunin yanar gizon.[17][18]

Siminti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana hakar siminti a Nijar tun shekarar 1964 lokacin da aka bude kamfanin siminti na Malbaza. Da yake cikin yankin Tahoua, masana'antar siminti ita ce kawai irin wannan aikin har zuwa 2014. A cikin 2011, an fara aikin faɗaɗa masana'antar siminti na Malbaza tare da tsammanin ƙara ƙarfin aikinta da ninki 13. A cikin 2014, an fara aiki don sabon masana'antar siminti a Keita a yankin Tahoua.[19] Kamfanin siminti na Malbaza a halin yanzu yana samar da tan 40,000 a kowace shekara kuma, idan aka fadada shi, ana sa ran zai kai tan 540,000 a kowace shekara.[20] Ana sa ran simintin Keita da ake ginawa zai samar da tan miliyan 1 a kowace shekara yayin farawa da tan miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara bayan haka. [20]

Matsalolin aiki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cewar Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata ta Amurka, 47.8% na yara masu shekaru 5 zuwa 14 suna aiki yara kuma 4.3% daga cikinsu suna yin ayyuka masu haɗari a cikin sassan masana'antu, hakar ma'adinai don trona, gishiri, gypsum da zinariya. Jerin Kayayyakin da Ma’aikatar ta fitar a shekarar 2014 da ake samarwa da ‘ya’yan kwadago ko aikin tilastawa ta yi rahoton cewa har yanzu masana’antar hakar ma’adanai ta Nijar na yin irin wannan aiki wajen samar da wadannan kayayyaki.[21]

Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Littafin shekara na nazarin yanayin ƙasa na Amurka, juzu'i iii, rahotannin yanki-na duniya- Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya ,.
  • Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, 2007a, Bita na huɗu a ƙarƙashin tsari na shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin rage talauci da haɓaka haɓaka da buƙatu don yin watsi da ƙa'idodin aiki: Washington, dC, Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, Yuli, 45 p.
  • Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, 2007b, Wasikar niyya, takardar manufofin tattalin arziki da kudi na gwamnatin Nijar na 2007, da yarjejeniyar fasaha ta 2007: Washington, dC, Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, 21 p.
  • Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, 2007c, Wasiƙar niyya, yarjejeniyar manufofin tattalin arziki da kuɗi, da yarjejeniyar fasaha: Washington, dC, Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, Mayu 16, 23 p.
  • Jaridar Ma'adinai, 2006, Sin a Nijar: Jaridar Ma'adinai, Yuli 21, p. 1.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ Uranium information Centre Ltd., 2007, World uranium mining—nuclear issues briefing paper 41: Melbourne, Australia, uranium information Centre Ltd., July. (accessed November 1, 2007, at "World Uranium Mining". Archived from the original on 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2008-04-15. .)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 U.S. Geological Survey/Omayra Bermúdez-Lugo. The Mineral industries of Mauritania and Niger. in U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook 2006. U.S. Geological Survey/U.S. Department of the Interior (July 2008) Note: this publication is in the Public Domain, and large portions of it are reproduced here verbatim.
  3. ↑ International Monetary Fund, 2007b, p. 5; 2007c, p. 9
  4. ↑ International Monetary Fund, 2007a, p. 9
  5. ↑ [1] Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine COMINAK, The largest underground uranium mine
  6. ↑ Decalo, Samuel (1997). Historical Dictionary of the Niger (3rd ed.). Boston & Folkestone: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3136-8.
  7. ↑ [2] Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine Production and exportation de l'uranium
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Brighton Energy Discovers Additional Uranium Mineralization in Niger Archived 2012-10-02 at the Wayback Machine. Orezone Gold Corporation, Marketwire, 2011-05-16.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 [3] Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine Positioning Niger's mining & industrial sector to win
  10. ↑ OpenOil : La SOMINA Archived 2021-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ Areva NC, 2006, reference document: Paris, France, areva nv, 392 p. p. 62-71
  12. ↑ [4] Archived 2014-06-28 at the Wayback Machine Beginning of construction for the Salkadamna coal and power plant complex
  13. ↑ [5] Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine Drivers and Impediments Regional Cooperation on the Way to Sustainable Nuclear Energy Systems
  14. ↑ [6] Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine La production du charbon au Niger - Annuaire statistique du Niger 2011
  15. ↑ Background Note:Niger Archived 2019-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, United States State Department, Bureau of Public Affairs: Electronic Information and Publications Office. Bureau of African Affairs. September 2008. This article incorporates text from this U.S. government source, which is in the public domain.
  16. ↑ [7] Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine Production de produit mineraux Table 27.02
  17. ↑ Discovery of Gold Deposit in Djado in Agadez Archived 2014-10-20 at the Wayback Machine.Last accessed on 9/20/2014
  18. ↑ Discovery of a new Gold Deposit around Mount Ibl in Agadez Archived 2014-09-13 at the Wayback Machine.Last accessed 9/20/2014
  19. ↑ [8] Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine Awaiting for the cement plant of Malbaza
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 [9] Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine Launching of construction work for the second cement plant in Niger in Keita, Tahoua
  21. ↑ "Niger, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor". Archived from the original on 2015-03-03. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
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