Masu fashi a cikin hare-haren Satumba 11

hijackers in the September 11 attacks
	jerin maƙaloli na Wikimedia

Maharan da suka yi garkuwa da jirgin a harin na ranar 11 ga watan Satumba mazaje 19 ne da ke da alaka da kungiyar al-Qaeda . Sun fito ne daga kasashe hudu; 15 daga cikinsu 'yan kasar Saudiyya ne, biyu kuma 'yan kasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ne, daya daga Masar, daya kuma dan kasar Lebanon ne . Domin kai hare-haren, an shirya maharan zuwa tawagogi hudu kowannensu karkashin jagorancin wani mai horar da matukan jirgi wanda zai jagoranci jirgin tare da "masu fashin tsoka" uku ko hudu wadanda aka horar da su don taimakawa matukan jirgin, fasinjoji, da ma'aikatan jirgin. An sanya kowace tawaga zuwa jirgi daban-daban kuma an ba su manufa ta musamman don faduwar jiragensu daban-daban. Mohamed Atta shi ne shugaban da aka nada akan dukkan kungiyoyi 4.

Masu satar mutane na farko da suka isa Amurka sune Khalid al-Mihdhar da Nawaf al-Hazmi, wadanda suka zauna a San Diego County, California, a watan Janairun 2000. Masu satar jirgi guda uku sun biyo su, mambobin tantanin Hamburg Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, da Ziad Jarrah a tsakiyar shekara ta 2000 don yin horo na jirgin sama a Makarantar horar da jirgin sama ta Huffman a Venice, Florida.^[1] Mai satar jirgin sama na huɗu, Hani Hanjour, wanda ba memba ne na Hamburg Cell ba, ya isa San Diego a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000. Sauran "masu satar tsoka" sun isa a farkon- da tsakiyar shekara ta 2001.

Zabi

Khalid al-Mihdhar da Nawaf al-Hazmi dukkansu gogaggun masu jihadi ne a idon shugaban al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden .

Dangane da matukan jirgin da za su ci gaba da shiga hare-haren, uku daga cikinsu 'yan asalin kungiyar Hamburg ne ( Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi da Ziad Jarrah ). Bayan horar da su a sansanonin horar da al-Qaeda a Afganistan, Bin Laden da reshen soji na al-Qaeda ne suka zabe su saboda yawan ilimin da suke da shi kan al'adun yammaci da fasahar harshe, wanda hakan ya kara samar da tsaro na aikin da kuma damar samun nasara. Nan take aka baiwa Mohamed Atta kansa umarni kan shiryawa da aiwatar da harin a lokacin da ya isa Afghanistan a watan Janairun shekara ta 2000. An kuma zabi matukin jirgi na hudu, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, dan kungiyar Hamburg, don shiga hare-haren, amma ya kasa samun bizar shiga Amurka. Daga baya aka maye gurbinsa da Hani Hanjour, dan kasar Saudiyya. ^[2]

Al-Mihdhar da al-Hazmi su ma sun kasance masu yin garkuwa da matukan jirgi amma ba su yi kyau ba a darussansu na matukin jirgi a San Diego. Dukansu an ajiye su a matsayin masu fashin "tsokoki", wadanda za su taimaka wajen shawo kan fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin tare da ba da damar masu satar jirgin su mallaki jiragen. Baya ga al-Mihdhar da al-Hazmi, an zabi wasu masu fashin tsoka 13 a karshen shekara ta 2000 ko farkon 2001. Dukkansu sun fito ne daga Saudi Arabiya, ban da Fayez Banihammad, wanda ya fito daga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa .

IJim kadan bayan kai hare-haren ne hukumar FBI ta yanke shawarar cewa galibin masu garkuwa da “tsoka” ba su san cewa suna aikin kunar bakin wake ba ne, domin sabanin matukan jirgin ba su shirya wasicci na karshe ba ko kuma sun ba da wasu alamun da suke sa ran za a kawo karshen rayuwarsu. . ^[3] A cewar wani faifan faifan sauti na Osama Bin Laden daga shekara ta 2001, maharan "tsoka" ba su da alaka da maharan matukan jirgin kuma ba a fada musu hakikanin aikinsu ba har sai ranar da aka kai harin. ^[4]

Masu garkuwa da mutane

Flight	Name	Age	Nationality
American Airlines Flight 11 (Target: North Tower)	Mohamed Atta (leader)	33	Egypt
	Abdulaziz al-Omari	22	Saudi Arabia
	Wail al-Shehri	28
	Waleed al-Shehri	22
	Satam al-Suqami	25
United Airlines Flight 175 (Target: South Tower)	Marwan al-Shehhi (leader)	23	United Arab Emirates
	Fayez Banihammad	24	United Arab Emirates
	Mohand al-Shehri	22	Saudi Arabia
	Hamza al-Ghamdi	20
	Ahmed al-Ghamdi	22
American Airlines Flight 77 (Target: The Pentagon)	Hani Hanjour (leader)	29
	Khalid al-Mihdhar	26
	Majed Moqed	24
	Nawaf al-Hazmi	25
	Salem al-Hazmi	20
United Airlines Flight 93 (Target: U.S. Capitol or White House)	Ziad Jarrah (leader)	26	Lebanon
	Ahmed al-Haznawi	20	Saudi Arabia
	Ahmed al-Nami	23
	Saeed al-Ghamdi	21

Jirgin da aka sace

Jirgin Jirgin Amurka 11: Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya Daya, Hasumiyar Arewa

NB: Rubutu mai ƙarfi ya lura da masu satar jirgin da suka tuka jiragen.

Maharan: Mohamed Atta (Basaraken), Abdulaziz al-Omari (Saudi Arabiya), Wail al-Shehri (Saudi Arabiya), Waleed al-Shehri (Saudi Arabian), Satam al-Suqami (Saudi Arabian).

Wasu ma’aikatan jirgin guda biyu ne suka kira ofishin ajiyar jiragen sama na Amurka a lokacin da aka yi garkuwa da su. Betty Ong ta ruwaito cewa "masu fashin guda biyar sun fito ne daga kujeru na farko: 2A, 2B, 9A, 9C da 9B." Ma'aikaciyar jirgin Amy Sweeney ta kira manajan sabis na jirgin a filin jirgin sama na Logan a Boston kuma ta kwatanta su a matsayin Gabas ta Tsakiya. ^[5] Ta baiwa ma'aikatan lambar kujerar sannan suka zaro tikiti da bayanan katin kiredit na maharan, inda aka gano Mohamed Atta. ^[6]

An ji muryar Mohamed Atta ta na’urar kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, inda ake yada sakonnin da ake tunanin an yi wa fasinjojin ne.

"We have some planes. Just stay quiet and you'll be okay. We are returning to the airport."
"Nobody move. Everything will be okay. If you try to make any moves, you'll endanger yourself and the airplane. Just stay quiet."
"Nobody move please. We are going back to the airport. Don't try to make any stupid moves."

Jirgin United Airlines Flight 175: Cibiyar Kasuwancin Duniya Biyu, Hasumiyar Kudu

Maharan: Marwan al-Shehhi (Emirati), Fayez Banihammad (Dan Masarautar), Mohand al-Shehri (Dan Saudiyya), Hamza al-Ghamdi (Dan Saudiyya), Ahmed al-Ghamdi (Dan Saudiyya).

Wata ma'aikaciyar jirgin ta kira wani makanikin jirgin saman United Airlines wanda ya bayyana cewa an kashe ma'aikatan jirgin tare da sace jirgin.

Manazarta

↑ "Chronology Of The Sept. 11 Terror Plot". PBS.
↑ "The 9/11 Commission Report" (PDF). www.9-11commission.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
↑ "Attackers did not know they were to die". The Guardian. October 14, 2001. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
↑ "Transcript of Usama Bin Laden Video Tape" (PDF). www.defenselink.mil. December 13, 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2001. UBL: The brothers, who conducted the operation, all they knew was that they have a martyrdom operation and we asked each of them to go to America but they didn’t know anything about the operation, not even one letter. But they were trained and we did not reveal the operation to them until they are there and just before they boarded the planes.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named probe
↑ "Calm Before the Crash". ABC News. 2002-07-18. Archived from the original on 2002-09-21.

[1] "Chronology Of The Sept. 11 Terror Plot". PBS.

[2] "The 9/11 Commission Report" (PDF). www.9-11commission.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2013-06-13.

[3] "Attackers did not know they were to die". The Guardian. October 14, 2001. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.

[4] "Transcript of Usama Bin Laden Video Tape" (PDF). www.defenselink.mil. December 13, 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2001. UBL: The brothers, who conducted the operation, all they knew was that they have a martyrdom operation and we asked each of them to go to America but they didn’t know anything about the operation, not even one letter. But they were trained and we did not reveal the operation to them until they are there and just before they boarded the planes.

[probe-5] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named probe

[6] "Calm Before the Crash". ABC News. 2002-07-18. Archived from the original on 2002-09-21.

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