Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
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Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (13 ga Fabrairu, 1835 - Mayu 26, 1908), shugaban addini ne na ƙarni na 19. Ya kafa ƙungiyar Ahmadiyya a cikin Musulunci. Bisa koyarwar Ahmadi, shi ne annabi na ƙarshe, da kuma Mahdi da Masihu . Ahmadiyya sun yi imani da cewa shi ne Mujaddadi na ƙarni na 14 na Musulunci.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Ghulam a Qadian, Punjab a Indiya a shekara ta 1835, ɗan tagwaye ne da aka haifa ga dangi masu arziki. An ruwaito cewa ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo a masallaci da kuma karatun Alkur’ani da addininsa na Musulunci. Hakan bai kai shi ga cika burin mahaifinsa na ɗansa ya zama lauya ko ma'aikacin gwamnati ba. Yayi yunƙurin zama lauya amma ya kasa cin jarabawar. A cikin karatunsa na karatun batutuwan addini, ya kan yi mu'amala da Musulmai da dama, waɗanda ba Musulmi ba, da kuma Kiristocin Mishan da zai yi muhawara.
Kafin da'awarsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sa'ad da Ghulam yana da shekara talatin da biyar mahaifinsa ya rasu. A wannan lokacin Ghulam ya yi iƙirarin cewa Allah ya fara magana da shi, sau da yawa ta hanyar wahayi kai tsaye. Da farko dai, rubuce-rubucen Ghulam daga wannan lokaci an yi niyya ne don fuskantar abin da yake ganin cewa rubuce-rubuce ne na adawa da Musulunci da suka samo asali daga ƙungiyoyin mishan na Kirista daban-daban. Ya kuma mayar da hankali wajen daƙile illolin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban irin su Brahmo Samaj. A wannan lokacin na rayuwarsa ya samu karɓuwa daga wajen malaman addinin musulunci na lokacin.
Buga da'awar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, rubuce-rubucensa sun fara nuna iƙirarinsa na zama mujaddadi ko mai kawo sauyi a zamaninsa. An haɗa waɗannan rubuce-rubucen ne a cikin daya daga cikin sanannun ayyukansa: Barahin Ahmadiyya, wani aiki da ya ƙunshi mujalladi 5 yayin da tun farko ya tsara mujalladi 50. Ya bayyana cewa tunda 50 da 5 kawai akwai digo, don haka alkawarinsa ya cika. A cikin littattafai na gaba, da gaske zai yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne Almasihun Islama. Wannan ya tabbatar kuma yana ci gaba da zama da jayayya, kamar yadda tunanin Islama na al'ada ya ɗauka cewa Yesu shine Almasihu, wanda da kansa zai dawo cikin jiki a ƙarshen zamani. Ghulam ya fuskanci wannan ta hanyar da'awar cewa Yesu ya mutu, kuma a haƙiƙa ya tsira daga gicciye ya mutu a Indiya. A cewar Ghulam, Mahdin da aka yi alƙawarinsa ya kasance mai ruhi ne, ba shugaban soja ba kamar yadda yawancin musulmi suka yi imani da shi. Da wannan shela, ya kuma fara ficewa daga ra'ayin gargajiya na Jihadi, ya kuma bayyana shi a matsayin yaki na "ruhi" maimakon na zahiri. Bugu da ƙari ga waɗannan da'awar da ake jayayya, daga baya zai yi iƙirarin cewa Guru Nanak, Sikh Guru na farko, ya kasance musulmi.
Wadannan rubuce-rubucen sun fara karkatar da manyan malamai na musulmi (malaman addini) a kansa, kuma ana yi masa lakabi da dan bidi'a. Wasu dai sun zargi Ghulam da yin aiki da turawan Ingila waɗanda suke kokarin amfani da shi wajen kawar da manufar Jihadi daga Musulman Indiya.
Ghulam ya kafa ƙungiyar Ahmadiyya a shekarar 1889. Ya yi ikirarin cewa Harkar Ahmadiyya ta tsaya a kan Musulunci, kamar yadda Kiristanci ya tsaya kan Yahudanci a lokacin Annabi Isa. Manufar wannan yunkuri a cewar Ghulam shi ne yaɗa abin da ya ke ganin shi ne Musulunci a sigarsa. Ana iya taƙaita koyarwar Mirza Ghulam da ta sha bamban da sauran musulmi na lokacin kamar haka;
- Cewa Muhammadu shine annabi na ƙarshe da ya kawo sabon shari'a/addini amma ba shine annabin karshe gaba daya ba...kuma ana cigaba da Annabta a zamanin musulunci bayansa, kuma shi da kansa Annabi ne banda mai da'awar Imam mehdi da massiyya.
- Alkur'ani ba shi da saɓani (ko shafewa), [1] kuma yana da fifiko a kan Hadisi ko hadisai; watau cewa wata aya ta Alkur’ani ba ta soke wata kuma babu wani Hadisi da zai saba wa wata ayar Alkur’ani. Hadisin da ya zo ya sava wa Alqur’ani, musulmin Ahmadi bai yarda da shi ba.
- An gicciye Yesu (wanda ake kira Yuz Asaf ) kuma ya tsira a cikin sa'o'i 4 akan giciye, sa'an nan kuma ya tashi daga kabari a cikin kabari. [2] Ya mutu a Kashmir da tsufa yayin da yake neman "Ƙabilar Isra'ila da suka ɓace".
- Cewa Jihadi ba za a iya amfani da shi ba ne kawai don kare kai daga zaluncin addini, ba wai makamin siyasa ko uzuri ga masu mulki su mamaye yankunan da ke makwabtaka da su ba.
- Cewa “Almasihu” da “Imam Mahdi” mutum daya ne, kuma Musulunci zai yi galaba a kan Anti-Kiristi ko Dajjal a wani lokaci mai kama da tsawon lokacin da Kiristanci na farko ya tashi (shekaru 300). Musulmai na al'ada sunyi imani cewa ba a gicciye Yesu ba, amma an sanya shi kamar an yi shi, kuma ya hau zuwa sama daga inda zai dawo da kansa cikin jiki don farfado da Islama. [3]
Mirza Ghulam an yarda da cewa ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa wajen ciyar da harkarsa gaba da kuma tinkarar zarge-zargen bidi'a da ake yi wa mutumin har zuwa mutuwarsa a Lahore a shekara ta 1908.
Asalin suna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa ƙungiyar Ahmadiyya a Musulunci a shekara ta 1889, amma ba a karɓe sunan Ahmadiyya ba sai bayan kusan shekaru goma. A cikin wata takarda mai kwanan watan Nuwamba 4, 1900, wanda ya kafa ya bayyana cewa sunan yana nufin Ahmad, madadin sunan annabi Mohammed. A cewarsa, ‘Mohammed’ ma’ana ‘wanda aka yabe’ yana nufin makomar ma’aiki mai girma da ya karvi sunan tun a zamanin Hijira; amma 'Ahmad' yana nufin kyawawan wa'azinsa ne, da kuma zaman lafiyar da aka kaddara masa a duniya ta hanyar koyarwarsa. A cewar Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, don haka wadannan sunaye suna nuni ne ga bangarori biyu na Musulunci, kuma a baya-bayan nan bangaren na baya ne ya ba da umarni a mai da hankali sosai. Dangane da haka, ya yi imani, abin da ya yi shi ne samar da zaman lafiya a duniya ta hanyar koyarwar ruhin Musulunci. Ya yi imanin cewa sakon nasa yana da ma'ana ta musamman ga kasashen yammacin duniya wanda a cewarsa ya gangaro cikin son abin duniya .
Gadon Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ɗaya daga cikin manyan tushen saɓani a lokacin rayuwarsa da kuma ci gaba tun daga wannan lokacin shine yadda Mirza Ghulam Ahmad yayi amfani da kalmomin "Nabi" (Annabi) da "Rasool" (manzo) yayin da yake magana kan kansa. Musulmai sun ɗauki annabi Muhammad a matsayin na ƙarshen annabawa kuma sun yi imani cewa Mirza Ghulam Ahmad ya yi amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗa cin zarafi ne ga "Annabta". [4] Mabiyansa sun kasu kashi biyu dangane da haka: Jama’ar Musulmin Ahmadiyya, wadanda suka yi imani da tafsirin annabcin Mirza Ghulam Ahmad na zahiri (tare da wasu cancantar), [5] da Harkar Lahore Ahmadiyya, wadanda suka yi imani da fassarar alama ta wadannan biyun. sharuddan. Wannan da wasu dalilai ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a harkar jim kaɗan bayan rasuwar Ahmad.
Mabiya Mirza Ghulam Ahmad sun fuskanci zalunci iri-iri a tsawon shekaru. A shekara ta 1974, majalisar dokokin Pakistan ta yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin Pakistan kwaskwarima inda ta ayyana musulmi Ahmadi a matsayin wadanda ba musulmi ba saboda manufar tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci. A cikin 1984, wasu jerin sauye-sauye a sassan Pakistan Penal Code, da suka shafi sabo da, a zahiri, sun haramta wa Ahmadiyya wa'azin addininsu a fili a matsayin Musulunci, wanda ya kai ga kama mutane 1000 da gurfanar da su gaban kuliya.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "The Advent of the Messiah and Mahdi", by Maulana A. U. Kaleem, Part II: Islam—Synopsis of Religious Preaching
- ↑ "Jesus Did Not Die on the Cross", The Promised Messiah and Mahdi by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited
- ↑ "Islamic View of the Coming/Return of Jesus" Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine, by Dr. Ahmad Shafaat, Islamic Perspectives, May 2003
- ↑ "Further Similarities and Differences: (between esoteric, exoteric & Sunni/Shia) and (between Islam/Christianity/Judaism)", Exploring World Religions, 2001, Oxford University Press Canada
- ↑ "The Question of Finality of Prophethood", The Promised Messiah and Mahdi, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited