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Rumbu

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Ƙananan hatsi (farkon karni na 19), Slovenia

Gidan ajiya, wanda aka fi sani da gidan hatsi kuma a tarihi a matsayin granarium a cikin Latin, gini ne na ajiya bayan girbi da farko don hatsi ko tsaba. Ana gina granaries a sama da ƙasa don hana lalacewa da kuma kare hatsi ko tsaba da aka adana daga rodents, kwari, ambaliyar ruwa, da yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Suna kuma taimakawa wajen bushe hatsi don hana ci gaban kumfa. Gidajen ajiya na zamani na iya haɗawa da ingantaccen iska da tsarin kula da zafin jiki don adana ingancin hatsi da aka adana.

Asalin Farko

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gidan ajiyar hatsi (ghorfas) na Ksar Hadada, kudancin Tunisia. Ksar Hadada ƙauye ne mai garu wanda al'ummomin Berber na Arewacin Afirka suka gina don adana hatsi da amfanin gona
Gidan ajiyar Golghar da aka gina a shekara ta 1786, Patna, Indiya

Tun daga zamanin d ̄ a an adana hatsi da yawa. Tsohon ɗakunan ajiya da aka samu sun samo asali ne daga 7500 KZ kuma suna cikin ƙauyukan Pre-Pottery Neolithic A a cikin Kwarin Urdun.[1] Na farko sun kasance a wurare tsakanin wasu gine-gine. Da farko a kusa da 8500 BC, duk da haka, an motsa su cikin gidaje, kuma a shekara ta 7500 BC an yi amfani da ɗakuna na musamman don ajiya.[1] Gidajen ajiya na farko sun auna 3 x 3 m a waje kuma suna da bene da aka dakatar da su wanda ke kare hatsi daga doki da kwari kuma suna ba da iska.[1]

Wadannan granaries suna biye da wadanda ke Mehrgarh a cikin Indus Valley daga 6000 BC. Masarawa na dā sun yi al'ada ta adana hatsi a cikin shekaru masu yawa daga shekarun ƙarancin. Saboda yanayin ƙasar Masar ya bushe sosai, ana iya adana hatsi a cikin ramuka na dogon lokaci ba tare da asarar inganci ba.[2]

A tarihi, wani silo wani rami ne don adana hatsi. Ya bambanta da hatsi, wanda shine tsarin sama da ƙasa.

Gabashin Asiya

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Gidajen ajiya masu sauƙi da aka tashe a kan matsayi huɗu ko fiye sun bayyana a cikin Al'adun Yangshao a kasar Sin kuma bayan fara aikin gona mai zurfi a yankin Koriya a lokacin lokacin Mumun (c. 1000 BC) da kuma a cikin tsibirin Japan a lokacin Jōmon na Ƙarshe / Yayoi na Farko (c. 800 BC). A cikin archaeological vernacular na Arewa maso gabashin Asiya, waɗannan fasalulluka suna haɗuwa da waɗanda ƙila sun yi aiki a matsayin mazauna kuma tare ana kiransu 'ginin bene da aka ɗaga'.

Kasar Sin ta gina tsarin da aka tsara don rage mutuwar yunwa. An lalata tsarin a cikin Taiping Rebellion na shekarun 1850.[3][4]

Kudu maso gabashin Asiya

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A cikin gine-ginen gargajiya na Tsibirin Indonesiya, ana yin hatsi da kayan bamboo, kuma an gina mafi yawansu kuma an tashe su a kan wurare huɗu ko fiye don kauce wa ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari. Misalan salon hatsi na Indonesiya sune Sundanese leuit da Minang rangkiang .

Biritaniya

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Gidan ajiya da ke zaune a kan duwatsu, a Gidan Tarihin Rayuwa na Karkara na Somerset

A cikin Kudancin Hams a kudu maso yammacin Biritaniya, an gina ƙananan ɗakunan ajiya a kan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da ake kira Staddle stones. An gina su da gine-ginen katako kuma galibi suna da rufin dutse. Manyan sun yi kama da Linhays amma tare da bene na sama da aka rufe. Samun damar zuwa bene na farko yawanci ta hanyar matakala na dutse a bangon waje.[5]

Zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19, ɗakunan ajiya da aka tsara musamman don riƙe hatsi sun fara ninkawa a Burtaniya. Akwai matsalolin yanayi a hanyar adana hatsi a Burtaniya a babban sikelin, amma an shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin sosai.[2]

Kula da danshi

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Dole ne a kiyaye hatsi daga danshi har tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu don adana shi cikin yanayi mai kyau da kuma hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta. Sabon hatsi da aka kawo a cikin hatsi yana ƙunshe da danshi mai yawa, wanda ke ƙarfafa ci gaban ƙura wanda ke haifar da fermentation da dumama, dukansu biyu ba su da kyau kuma suna shafar inganci. Gurasar gabaɗaya tana lalata hatsi kuma tana iya haifar da canje-canje na sinadarai waɗanda ke haifar da mycotoxins masu guba.

Ɗaya daga cikin magungunan gargajiya shine yada hatsi a cikin ƙananan yadudduka a ƙasa, inda aka juya shi don iska sosai. Da zarar hatsi ya bushe sosai ana iya canja shi zuwa hatsi don adanawa. A yau, ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da ma'aunin hatsi na inji don motsa hatsi daga wani hatsi zuwa wani.

A cikin silos na zamani, hatsi yawanci ana tilasta shi a wurin ko ana rarraba shi ta hanyar kayan bushe hatsi na waje.

Zamani na zamani

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Ayyukan noma na zamani galibi suna amfani da hatsi na ƙarfe don adana hatsi a shafin har sai ana iya kai shi manyan wuraren ajiya don tsammanin jigilar kaya. Manyan kayan aikin injiniya, musamman da aka gani a Rasha da Arewacin Amurka, an san su da Masu ɗaga hatsi.

Misalan

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  • Ancient, Traditional, and Modern Granaries
  • Kashan, Iran, it is a kind of ice keeper in Iran, not a grain storage
    Kashan, Iran, it is a kind of ice keeper in Iran, not a grain storage
  • Han dynasty granary on Silk Road west of Dunhuang, China
    Han dynasty granary on Silk Road west of Dunhuang, China
  • Wooden granaries of the local museum in Iisalmi, Finland
    Wooden granaries of the local museum in Iisalmi, Finland
  • A large granary in Bydgoszcz, Poland, on the Brda River
    A large granary in Bydgoszcz, Poland, on the Brda River
  • Chudów, Upper Silesia - manor granary, from the 18th century, brick construction (monument number A/569/66)
    Chudów, Upper Silesia - manor granary, from the 18th century, brick construction (monument number A/569/66)
  • Multi-storey granary with portico, built in 1835, Kiszombor, Hungary
    Multi-storey granary with portico, built in 1835, Kiszombor, Hungary
  • Granary in Verkhivnia, Ukraine, built in 1913
    Granary in Verkhivnia, Ukraine, built in 1913
  • Former granary in Zürich, Switzerland, 1897
    Former granary in Zürich, Switzerland, 1897
  • Meiji period granary, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
    Meiji period granary, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
  • Rangkiang guda biyu a cikin wata hoto kusan shekara ta 1895, waɗanda su ne rumbunan ajiya na shinkafa da aka gina su da salon gine-ginen Minangkabau, a garin Batipuh da ke tsaunin Padang, a Sumatra, ƙasar Indonesia.
    Rangkiang guda biyu a cikin wata hoto kusan shekara ta 1895, waɗanda su ne rumbunan ajiya na shinkafa da aka gina su da salon gine-ginen Minangkabau, a garin Batipuh da ke tsaunin Padang, a Sumatra, ƙasar Indonesia.
  • The Port Perry, Ontario, Canada mill and grain elevator, granary, built in 1873 (photographed c. 1930)
    The Port Perry, Ontario, Canada mill and grain elevator, granary, built in 1873 (photographed c. 1930)
  • Modern steel granaries in Iowa, U.S.
    Modern steel granaries in Iowa, U.S.
  • Rufin bene na Gidan Hatsi a Gidan Sarautar Mildenstein (wanda aka gina kusan shekarar 1395), a ƙasar Jamus.
    Rufin bene na Gidan Hatsi a Gidan Sarautar Mildenstein (wanda aka gina kusan shekarar 1395), a ƙasar Jamus.
  • Katon kyauta na jana’iza daga Tsohuwar Girkanci da aka ƙera da zane-zanen geometrik, a siffar rumbunan ajiya na hatsi, tun kusan shekara ta 850 kafin haihuwar Almasihu. Ana nuna shi a Gidan Tarihi na Ancient Agora da ke birnin Athens, a cikin Stoa f Attalos.
    Katon kyauta na jana’iza daga Tsohuwar Girkanci da aka ƙera da zane-zanen geometrik, a siffar rumbunan ajiya na hatsi, tun kusan shekara ta 850 kafin haihuwar Almasihu. Ana nuna shi a Gidan Tarihi na Ancient Agora da ke birnin Athens, a cikin Stoa f Attalos.
  • Samfurin rumbun ajiya na hatsi, daga zamanin daular Han. Wadannan kwanoni na rumbun hatsi da aka yi da duwatsu masu ƙarfi (stoneware), ana yinsu ne a matsayin kyaututtukan jana’iza, ana binne su tare da mamaci a matsayin alamar arziki da kuma don samar da abinci a rayuwar lahira.
    Samfurin rumbun ajiya na hatsi, daga zamanin daular Han. Wadannan kwanoni na rumbun hatsi da aka yi da duwatsu masu ƙarfi (stoneware), ana yinsu ne a matsayin kyaututtukan jana’iza, ana binne su tare da mamaci a matsayin alamar arziki da kuma don samar da abinci a rayuwar lahira.
  • Leuit, Sundanese traditional granary, in West Java, Indonesia
    Leuit, Sundanese traditional granary, in West Java, Indonesia
  • Gidan Hatsi (Kornhaus), ginin da ke hagu kusa da tram ɗin lamba 9, wanda ke Kornhausplatz a Birnin Bern, ɗakin ajiya ne na hatsi da aka gina tsakanin shekarar 1711 zuwa 1715 (hoto daga shekarar 1983). ----
    Gidan Hatsi (Kornhaus), ginin da ke hagu kusa da tram ɗin lamba 9, wanda ke Kornhausplatz a Birnin Bern, ɗakin ajiya ne na hatsi da aka gina tsakanin shekarar 1711 zuwa 1715 (hoto daga shekarar 1983). ----
  • A grain brick tower built by German Australian Carl Wilhlem Gunther von Heiden in the 1900s, in Sydney, Australia
    A grain brick tower built by German Australian Carl Wilhlem Gunther von Heiden in the 1900s, in Sydney, Australia

Dubi kuma

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  • Hambar
  • Hórreo
  • Tsoro mai ban tsoro
  • Rashin amincewa
  • Gidan ajiya
  • Gidan masara
  • Groote Schuur, babban gidan Afirka ta Kudu da farko shine hatsi.
  • Gidan shinkafa
  • Treppenspeicher
  • Ghorfa
  • Gidan ajiya na Ikklisiya

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kuijt, I.; Finlayson, B. (June 2009). "Evidence for food storage and pre domestication granaries 11,000 years ago in the Jordan Valley". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (27): 10966–10970. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610966K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812764106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2700141. PMID 19549877.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Granaries". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  3. ↑ Edgerton-Tarpley, Kathryn Jean (2014-05-01). "From "Nourish the People" to "Sacrifice for the Nation": Changing Responses to Disaster in Late Imperial and Modern China". The Journal of Asian Studies (in Turanci). 73 (2): 447–469. doi:10.1017/S0021911813002374. ISSN 0021-9118. S2CID 162829514.
  4. ↑ Shiue, Carol H. (2004-03-29). "Local Granaries and Central Government Disaster Relief: Moral Hazard and Intergovernmental Finance in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century China" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History (in Turanci). 64 (1): 100–124. doi:10.1017/S002205070400261X. ISSN 0022-0507.
  5. ↑ "Barn Guide: Traditional Farm Buildings in the South Hams: Their Adaptation and Re-use" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-04-12.

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