Sebiba
 Sebiba | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Aljeriya |
Indigenous to (en)  | Janet |
| Ƙasa da aka fara | Aljeriya |
| Intangible cultural heritage status (en) |
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (en) |
| Described at URL (en) | ich.unesco.org…, ich.unesco.org… da ich.unesco.org… |
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Wannan mukalar bata da Reference (Manazarta) ko daya, ka taimaka ta hanyar samar da Manazarta daga littafi ko yanar gizo, duba wannan shafin domin samun masaniya akan yanda zaka samar da Reference (Manazarta) a cikin wannan mukalar.
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Sebiba ( Larabci: سبيبة ) ita ce kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a Aljeriya don tsara biki da raye-rayen da Abzinawa ke yi a wannan lokacin tare da rakiyar mata masu kada ganguna a yankin Sahara na Djanet a yankin Tassili n’Ajjer da ke kudancin Algeria. Rawar ta samo asali ne daga zuriyar bayi bakar fata na Afirka kuma wani bangare ne na bikin Ashura na Musulunci.
Yanayin al'adu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Al’umar Tuareg a cikin Aljeriya da a yankin Sahel bisa al’ada sun kasu kashi biyu na azuzuwan zamantakewa.
Ana kiran babban aji na aristocrats Imajeghen ko Imuhagh a cikin harshen Tamasheq kuma yayi daidai da mayaƙa (hassan) daga cikin Moorish Bidhan .
A cikin ƙananan ƙarshen zaman jama'a aji ne Iklan, bayi ko Abid daga Bidhan ( Larabci: عبيد ).
Bayin da aka sace daga yankin Sudan suna da 'yanci a yau kuma sun kasance mafi yawa a cikin al'umar Abzinawa.
Maƙerin maƙera, waɗanda suka yi duk kayan aiki, makamai da kayan ado, sun kafa ƙungiya ta daban wacce a baya ba ta cikin jama'a kuma an haramta ta.
Ana kiransu Inaden, a cewar Bidhan, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa waƙar Sebiba da kiɗan drum suke da asalin baƙar fata ta Afirka.
Wani rawa maza na baƙar fata na yawan Abzinawa, Tazanzareet, ya kasance tare da raira waƙoƙin mata da bushewa; da wuya aka taɓa yin sa.
A cikin wannan kyakkyawar rawar Abzinawa ba kasafai ake yin ta ba, matansu suna buga waƙar Imzad mai kaɗa ɗaya ko kuma buga Tendee turmi don rakiyar mawaƙa.
Halaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ranar farko zuwa rana ta goma ga watan farko na watan Muharram shine lokacin bukukuwan wucewa wanda ke shigowa da sabuwar shekara. A koli ne rana ta goma, da Ashura rana ( Larabci: عاشوراء ), wanda ke da wasu ma'anoni na addini dangane da mazhabar Musulunci.
Sabuwar Shekarar Hijiriyya ita ce Muharram ta goma sha ɗaya mai zuwa. A cikin Djanet, ana kiran Sebiba rawa da kuma duk lokacin biki a ƙarshen shekara.
A Agadez da ke arewacin Nijar, Abzinawan suna bikin Bianu tare da raye-raye da kuma fareti a lokaci guda.
A Bianu da kuma a bikin Sebiba, an tsara hanyar gudanar da taron ne ta hanyar bambanci tsakanin kungiyoyin jama'a biyu: Tare da Bianu, an raba garin Agadez zuwa gabas da yamma rabin lokacin taron, mazauna da Ksar zo ga Sebiba festival, Azellouaz da Ksar El Mihan da juna.
Bikin ya dawo da tunanin wani dogon rikici wanda yanzu aka warware shi tsakanin kauyukan biyu. Wurin Adjahil baya shiga cikin shagalin, mai yiwuwa haramcin addini ne daga Sufi Tariqa na Senusiyya, wanda ya kiyaye Zawiya a Adjahil a farkon karni na 20.
Abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na Sebiba sun haɗa da tunanin almara na ƙarshen shekara, sabon farawa da lokaci na rikon kwarya wanda ke cikin canji da narkewa yayin tsawon lokacin bikin. Wannan ra'ayi na gaba daya an wuce dashi ne kamar al'adun Abzinawa (Tagdudt) kuma ance ya san Abzinawa makiyaya a da.
Tunanin lokacin rikitarwa mai rikitarwa yana da alaƙa da sabuntawar yanayi na yanayi, amma kuma ana iya haɗuwa da tatsuniyoyi na ƙarfin ikon sarakunan bakar fata na Afirka. A can masarautar ta kan shiga wani lokaci na maimaita rikice-rikice na al'ada, inda dangantakar mulki ke juyewa kuma ana yin yaƙe-yaƙe har sai an tabbatar da mai mulkin yana da asalin Allah.
Daidaitawar lokaci tare da Ashura ya sanya ayyukan ibada, wadanda tun farko ake maganarsu a matsayin jahiliyya, wani bangare ne na al'adun musulinci na yau da kullun kuma saboda haka karbabbu ne ga yawancin Abzinawa Musulmi. Koyaya, akwai kungiyoyin musulmai da suka ƙi Sebiba a matsayin waɗanda ba musulmai bane saboda asalinsu da kuma yadda ake aiwatar dasu.
Al'adar baka ta bijiro da asalin Sebiba zuwa ga mutuwar Fir'auna, wanda ya nitse a cikin Bahar Maliya yayin tsananta wa Musa (Sidi Moussa) da yahudawa, bisa ga al'adar Musulunci ta Sunni kan asalin Ashura. A wancan lokacin, kyakkyawa ta yi nasara a kan mugunta, wanda aka bayyana a cikin sabon farkon yanayi a lokacin Ashura.
Don gode maka da nasarar da aka yi, ana cewa ƙirƙira Sebiba. Don rarrabe shi da raye-raye na Sebiba, wanda kuma ana iya yin sa a wasu ƙauyuka yayin bukukuwan aure da sauran shagulgulan biki, ana kiran bikin a ranar Ashura Sebiba n'Tililin (sauran rubutun Sebeiba ou Tillellin).
Sauran raye-raye na asalin bakar fata na Maghreb su ne Stambali, raye-rayen Tunusiya wanda wani ɓangare ne na shakuwa da takwararta ta Morocco Derdeba. Rawar Algeriya na matan Berber Abdaoui shima yana da ma'anar yanayi.
Kayan Duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An sanya bikin Sebiba a cikin Sahara na Algeriya a matsayin al'adun Abzinawa da al'adun gargajiya wadanda suka zama wani bangare na al'adun duniya na bil'adama, inda sutturar gargajiya da aka shirya don bikin ta kasance tana da matsakaici.
An rubuta al'adu da shagulgulan Sebiba a cikin yankin Djanet a cikin shekara ta 2014 a tsakanin jerin UNESCO na al'adun al'adu na Intangible na Humanan Adam .
Rawa a cikin wannan bikin rawa ce wacce take cikin jerin UNESCO na jerin al'adun gargajiya, waɗanda suka haɗa da raira waƙa, kiɗa da biki.
Sebiba ta hada da shagulgula, raye-raye na al'ada, waƙoƙin jama'a da kuma buga ganguna, raye-raye na jama'a waɗanda aka tsara kuma ana yin su musamman a Sahara ta Algeria.
Wannan nau'ikan rawar rawa an yarda da ita a hukumance a matsayin al'adun Aljeriya, kuma ana jin daɗin ta kuma ana jin daɗin ta a duk faɗin duniya, kuma suna da girman duniya da jan hankalin yawon shakatawa.
Rawar Sebiba wani lamari ne mai matukar rikitarwa, wanda ya shafi al'adu, al'adu, amfani da jikin mutane, kayan tarihi (kamar sutura da kayan tallafi), da kuma takamaiman amfani da kiɗa, sarari da hasken rana.
A sakamakon haka, an hada abubuwa da yawa wadanda ba za a iya gani ba a cikin rawar Sebiba, wanda hakan ya sanya ya zama kalubale amma mai matukar ban sha'awa irin na al'adun Aljeriya da Abzinawa don kiyayewa.
