Sibylle Boden-Gerstner
 Sibylle Boden-Gerstner | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Wrocław (en)  , 17 ga Augusta, 1920 |
| ƙasa |
Jamus German Democratic Republic (en) |
| Mutuwa | Berlin, 25 Disamba 2016 |
| Makwanci |
Kleinmachnow (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Jamusanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan jarida, Mai zana kaya da mai aikin fassara |
| IMDb | nm1175510 |
Sibylle Boden-Gerstner (17 ga Agusta 1920-25 Disamba 2016)ɗan ƙasar Jamus ce mai zanen kaya,mai zane da marubucin kayan ado.[1] A cikin 1956 ta kafa mujallar fasaha da fasaha ta Jamus ta Gabas wacce ta ɗauki sunanta,Sibylle,tana aiki tare da ɗaba'ar a matsayin editan ta a babban har zuwa 1961. [1]
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shekarun farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sibylle Boden an haife shi a Breslau (tun 1945 da aka sani da Wroclaw) cikin dangin Jamus-Yahudawa.Mahaifinta ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda mai yiwuwa daga baya ya mutu a kurkukun Silesiya a lokacin Shoah. [1] Mahaifiyarta 'yar kasuwa ce. [1] Kakanta,Moritz Boden,Bayahude ne kuma matarsa ta koma Yahudanci saboda mijinta.A cikin 1930s wannan yana nufin Sibylle Boden an rarraba shi a matsayin "jüdischer Mischling" (wani lokaci ana fassara shi,sako-sako, a matsayin "Basaraken Yahudawa" ). Tsakanin 1926 zuwa 1936 ta fara karatu a makarantar masu zaman kansu sannan kuma a Realgymnasium (makarantar sakandare ta gargajiya) a Breslau.A shekara ta 1936 ta koma Berlin inda ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha.Malamanta sun haɗa da Maria May da Erna Hitzberger. Ta halarci Kwalejin Arts na Berlin a takaice inda ta karanta zane-zane da zane-zane.Duk da haka,gwamnatin Nazi ta hau kan karagar mulki a farkon shekara ta 1933.A cikin shekarar 1936 ya zama ba zai yiwu ba Boden ta ci gaba da karatunta saboda asalinta na Yahudawa. [2] Ta sami damar ci gaba da karatun ta a takaice a Kwalejin "Arts and Crafts" a Vienna,[1] inda karatunta ya mayar da hankali kan zane-zane,zane-zane da zane-zanen wasan kwaikwayo,har sai da Ostiriya ta hade da kasar Nazi mai girma a cikin Maris 1938.sannan ta tafi. [3]
Shekarun yaki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gerstner had joined the Nazi Party in 1933. By 1945 it is apparent from his active support for the French Resistance and rescuing of Jewish families ahead of scheduled deportation that he was no longer a Nazi supporter, but in 1940 he was seen as a member of the Nazi establishment. The son of a diplomat, and already fluent in French, since July 1940 he had been working as a legal and economic assistant at the German embassy in Paris,[4] and through his intervention Boden was able to escape, illegally, to Paris in autumn of 1940. In Paris she was able to resume her study of painting, now at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, where her attendance is described in one source as "undercover".[2] Nevertheless, when in 1942 she took part in an exhibition produced by the Beaux-Arts academy, two of her works won a first and a third prize.[3]
Ta raba yawancin rayuwarta a Paris tare da Gerstner;tare sun halarci nunin kayan kwalliya na Parisian Haute,inda Boden-Gerstner ta sami damar zana sabbin kayayyaki na masu zanen kaya irin su Christian Dior da Jacques Fath,ta aika da zanenta ga wakili a Netherlands. Ita da Gerstner kuma sun ziyarci jama'a ga babban mai tsara kayan ado Jacques Fath.A lokacin rani na 1944 yawancin jami'an diflomasiyyar Jamus an kira su zuwa Berlin. Boden ya dawo tare da Gerstner,wanda aka ba shi aiki a babban birnin kasar tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje.Sun shiga cikin ayyukan siyasa na adawa da mulkin Nazi a Berlin-Wilmerdorf.[1]
Bayan yakin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yaƙin ya ƙare a watan Mayun shekarar 1945.A karkashin sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar London,da aka rattaba hannu a watan Satumba na 1944,manyan ƙawance na yakin duniya na biyu sun amince da rabuwar Berlin bayan yaƙi tsakanin su zuwa yankuna huɗu daban-daban na mamaya;amma kai tsaye bayan yakin sojojin Soviet sun mamaye birnin gaba daya.A cikin kwata na Wilmersdorf na Berlin kwamandan Soviet ya nada Gerstner mataimakin magajin gari.A watan Mayu na wannan shekarar,ma'auratan sun iya,a ƙarshe,su yi aure.Boden-Gerstner ya ɗauki aikin koyarwa a makarantar koyar da sana'o'i mai zaman kansa kuma ya ba da gudummawar shafukan sayayya na jarida,da kera tufafi. Jim kadan bayan haka,an gudanar da wani nune-nune a cikin birnin a karkashin taken "Befreite Schwingen" (sake:"Swing free" ) inda aka baje kolin hotunanta tare da na Carl Hofer,Max Pechstein da Gustav Seitz .[3]
A shekara ta 1946,'yan sandan sojan Burtaniya sun isa Wilmersdorf suka kama Gerstner,suna ganin cewa aikinsa a birnin Paris yana nufin cewa lallai ya kasance babban jami'in Nazi.Birtaniya ta mika shi ga sojojin Soviet.[4] Boden-Gerstner ya sami damar samun bayanai daga tsaffin 'yan adawa a Faransa da ke ba da shaida kan aikinsa na sirri a lokacin yaƙi tare da Resistance na Faransa da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar wajen ceto iyalan Yahudawan da aka shirya kaisu zuwa sansanonin mutuwa.Waɗannan takaddun sun isa don tabbatar da sakin Gerstner daga "sansanin musamman" na Soviet a Berlin-Hohenschönhausen. [1] A cikin tarihin Gerstner na 1999 ya yi ishara da hujjojin da Boden-Gerstner ya tattara don a sake shi, yana mai cewa "Ina bin ta rayuwata" ("Ich verdanke ihr mein Leben").
Yankin mamayar Soviet/Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Jamus
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gidan Wilmersdorf na ma'auratan yana cikin yankin da Birtaniyya ta mamaye na Berlin, amma daga baya suka koma Zeuthen a kudu maso gabashin birnin, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin wani yanki na mamayar Soviet har zuwa Oktoba 1949, lokacin da aka sake dawo da yankin Soviet gaba daya. Tarayyar Soviet ta dauki nauyin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus (Jamus ta Gabas).