Cemal Gürsel
 Cemal Gürsel | |||||||||
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10 Nuwamba, 1961 - 2 ga Faburairu, 1966 ← Celâl Bayar (en)  - Cevdet Sunay (mul) →
5 ga Janairu, 1961 - 20 Nuwamba, 1961 ← Cemal Gürsel - İsmet İnönü (mul) →
30 Mayu 1960 - 9 ga Yuni, 1960
28 Mayu 1960 - 5 ga Janairu, 1961 ← Adnan Menderes (en) - Cemal Gürsel → | |||||||||
| Rayuwa | |||||||||
| Haihuwa |
Hınıs (en) , 13 Oktoba 1895 | ||||||||
| ƙasa |
Daular Usmaniyya Turkiyya | ||||||||
| Mutuwa | Ankara, 14 Satumba 1966 | ||||||||
| Makwanci |
Turkish State Cemetery (en) Anıtkabir (en) | ||||||||
| Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi (Bugun jini) | ||||||||
| Ƴan uwa | |||||||||
| Abokiyar zama |
Melahat Gürsel (en) | ||||||||
| Karatu | |||||||||
| Makaranta |
Turkish Military Academy (en) Kuleli Military High School (en) | ||||||||
| Harsuna | Turkanci | ||||||||
| Sana'a | |||||||||
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa da hafsa | ||||||||
| Kyaututtuka | |||||||||
| Aikin soja | |||||||||
| Fannin soja |
Ottoman Army (en) Turkish Land Forces (en) | ||||||||
| Digiri |
General of the Army (en) | ||||||||
| Ya faɗaci |
Yakin Duniya na I Gallipoli campaign (en) Greco-Turkish War (en) | ||||||||
| Imani | |||||||||
| Addini | Mabiya Sunnah | ||||||||
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
independent politician (en) | ||||||||
 | |||||||||
Cemal Gürsel (Turanci Turkish: [dʒeˈmal ɟyɾˈsæl]; 13 Oktoba 1895-14 Satumba 1966) Janar ne na sojan Turkiyya wanda ya zama shugaban kasar Turkiyya na hudu bayan juyin mulki.[1]
Ƙuruciya
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An haife shi a birnin Erzurum a matsayin ɗan wani hafsan sojojin Ottoman, Abidin Bey, [2] kuma jikan Ibrahim (1820-1895) kuma jikan Haci Ahmad (1790-1860).[ana buƙatar hujja]Bayan makarantar firamare makarantar sakandare ta sojoji a Erzincan, ya kammala makarantar sakandaren sojoji ta Kuleli a Istanbul. Ya kasance sanannen mutum don haka ana yi masa lakabi da "Cemal Ağa" (babban kanin Cemal) tun lokacin yarinta na makaranta har zuwa duk rayuwarsa. Gürsel ya yi aikin soja na tsawon shekaru 45. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, ya halarci Yaƙin Çanakkale a Dardanelles, Gallipoli a matsayin Laftanar tare da First Battery na Rukunin Makamai na 12 a cikin shekarar 1915 kuma ya sami Medal War. Daga baya ya yi yaki a fagagen Falasdinu da Siriya a shekarar 1917 kuma ya zama fursunonin yaki da turawan Ingila suka yi masa a lokacin da yake fama da zazzabin cizon sauro a lokacin da yake jagorantar 5th battery na runduna ta 41 a ranar 19 ga Satumban 1918. An tsare Gürsel a matsayin fursuna na yaƙi a Masar har zuwa 6 ga watan Oktoba 1920. A lokacin shugabancinsa da yawa daga baya, lokacin da manema labarai na kasashen waje suka yi hira da shi kan dalilin da ya sa bai koyi Turanci ba a lokacin da ake tsare da shi, ya dan tuna cewa ya ji takaicin zama fursuna, sai ya yi zanga-zangar kuma ya yi karatun Faransanci a sansanin Birtaniya.
Bayan da aka sake shi, Cemal Gürsel ya koma Anatoliya don sake shiga cikin Mustafa Kemal daga baya zuwa Erzurum Congress kuma ya shiga cikin dukkanin yakin yammacin Turai a yakin 'yancin kai na Turkiyya tsakanin 1920 zuwa 1923. An ba shi lambar yabo ta galantry a rukunin farko da ya yi fice a yakin Inönü na biyu, Eskişehir da Sakarya, sannan majalisar farko ta ba shi lambar yabo ta 'yancin kai saboda hidimar yaki da ya yi a Karshe.
Gürsel, ya aure a cikin shekarar 1927, ya auri Melahat, 'yar babban injiniya a Ottoman cruiser <i id="mwMg">Hamidiye</i>. Daga wannan aure an haifi ɗa Özdemir. Ma'auratan sun ɗauki 'yar Turkan.[3]
Aikin soja
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cemal Gürsel ya halarci Kwalejin Soja ta Turkiyya kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1929 a matsayin jami'in ma'aikata. Ya samu mukamin kanal a shekarar 1940. An naɗa shi birgediya janar a shekarar 1946 kuma an naɗa shi kwamandan runduna ta 65. Daga baya ya zama kwamandan runduna ta 12, da kwamandan runduna ta 18, da kuma kwamandan gundumar ayyuka na cikin gida ta 2. Made Laftanar Janar a 1953, ya kasance Janar a 1957, ana naɗa shi Kwamandan Sojoji na 3. Sabis ya hada da babban jami'in leken asiri, kuma an nada shi a matsayin kwamandan sojojin kasa a 1958 lokacin da yake jagorantar sojoji.
Gürsel, a matsayinsa na mutum mai saukin kai kuma uba mai kyakykyawan ba'a, ya kasance ana matukar sonsa a cikin kasa da ma na kungiyar tsaro ta NATO, kuma ya samu karramawa da amincewar al'ummar kasa da ma sojojin kasar tare da saninsa da dabi'unsa. Wata takardar kishin kasa da ya aike a ranar 3 ga watan Mayun 1960 ga Ministan Tsaro a kokarinsa na tabbatar da daidaito da daidaito kan al'amuran da ke gudana, wanda ke nuna ra'ayinsa na kashin kansa a ci gaba da tattaunawar da suka yi a daren jiya, inda ya nuna goyon bayansa ga Firayim Minista Adnan Menderes. da kuma imanin cewa ya kamata Firayim Minista ya maye gurbin shugaban kasa da gaggawa don karfafa hadin kan kasa da ake bukata, wanda ya haifar da dakatar da shi daga mukaminsa, wanda ya tilasta yin ritaya da wuri maimakon zama babban hafsan hafsoshin Turkiyya na gaba.
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Wasikar bankwana da ya rubuta, na bayar da shawarwari da kuma kira ga sojoji da su guji shiga harkokin siyasa, an aikewa da dukkan sassan rundunar a lokacin da ya tafi hutu. Sanarwar Cemal Gürsel ta ce: 'Ku kasance da daraja ga sojoji da kakin da kuke sawa. Ku kare kanku daga yanayin siyasa mai cike da kishi da cutarwa a kasar nan. Ku nisanci siyasa ko ta halin kaka. Wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci ga mutuncinku, karfin sojojin da kuma makomar kasar nan.' Ya je İzmir inda ya zama shugaban kungiyar Anti-Communism Association ta Turkiyya.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Frank Cecil Roberts, Obituaries from the Times, 1961-1970: including an index to all obituaries and tributes appearing in the Times during the years 1961-1970, Newspaper Archive Developments Ltd., 1975 p. 328.
- ↑ Frank Cecil Roberts, Obituaries from the Times, 1961-1970: including an index to all obituaries and tributes appearing in the Times during the years 1961-1970, Newspaper Archive Developments Ltd., 1975 p. 328.
- ↑ "Çankaya'nın First Lady'leri". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 15 April 2007. Retrieved 14 February 2019.