Harsunan Kainji
| Kainji | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Kainji Lake, Nigeria |
| Linguistic classification | Nnijer–Kongo |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | kain1275[1] |
 The Kainji languages shown within the Middle Belt of central Nigeria | |
Harsunan Kainji rukuni ne na kusan harsuna 60 da ke da alaƙa da juna da ake magana a yammacin tsakiyar Najeriya. Sun kasance wani ɓangare na reshen Najeriya ta tsakiya (Platoid) na Benue-Congo .
Yawan jama'a[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hudu daga cikin harsunan Kainji da aka fi magana da su sune Tsuvadi (150,000), Cishingini da Tsishingini (100,000 kowannensu) - duk daga reshen Kambari; da Clela (C'lela, Lela) (100,000), na reshen Arewa maso Yammacin Kainji. Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan masu magana da harsunan Kainji miliyan ɗaya (kimanin shekarun 1990) a Najeriya.
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Blench (2012) ya kiyasta Proto-Kainji ya kai shekaru 3,000 zuwa 4,000. Rarrabawar a yau mai yiwuwa ne saboda fadada tarihin arewacin yarukan Nupoid.
Yanayin Yanayi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gabatarwa na Proto-Kainji: [2]
- *mV- don ruwa da sauran sunayen taro
- *u- don mutum, *ba- don mutane
- *kV- don karami kuma watakila ma haɓaka; Hakanan ana samun sa a wasu harsunan PlateauHarsunan tsaunuka
Rarraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mafi bambance-bambance daga cikin harsunan Kainji sune Reshe, Laru da Lopa, wanda zai iya samar da reshe tare. Rarrabawar sauran rassan ba a bayyana ba tukuna. Rarrabawar bangarori biyu tsakanin Gabashin Kainji da Yammacin Kainji ba a kiyaye su ba, tare da Yammaci Kainji yanzu yana da paraphyletic.
Blench (2018)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kwanan nan Kainji classification by Blench (2018:64): [2]
Blench (2012)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rarrabawar Blench (2012) ita ce:
McGill (2012)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wani bita [3] harsunan Kainji na McGill (2012) ya raba Kainji zuwa rassan Lake da Central.
Gerhardt (1983)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rarraba harsunan Plateau 1a (yanzu West Kainji) da Plateau 1b (yanzu East Kainji) ta Gerhardt (1983), [4] bisa ga Maddieson (1972): [5]
Sunayen da wurare[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Da ke ƙasa akwai cikakken jerin sunayen yaren Kainji, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019).
Lura: Yammacin Kainji na ƙasa ne maimakon asali.
| Rukunin | Wuraren farko |
|---|---|
| Gabashin Kainji | Kauru LGA, Jihar Kaduna da Bassa LGA, Jiha ta PlateauJihar Filayen |
| Yammacin Kainji | Rafi LGA, Jihar Nijar da Zuru da Yauri LGAs, Jihar Kebbi (Yankin Tafkin Kainji) |
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kainji". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Blench, Roger M. 2018. Nominal affixing in the Kainji languages of northwestern and central Nigeria. In John R. Watters (ed.), East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs, 59–106. Berlin: Language Science Press. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1314323 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Blench2018" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ McGill, Stuart. 2012. The Kainji languages. Ms, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 30 August 2012.
- ↑ Gerhardt, Ludwig. 1983. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sprachen des Nigerianischen Plateaus. Glückstadt: Verlag J. J. Augustin.
- ↑ Maddieson, Ian. 1972. The Benue-Congo Languages of Nigeria. Sheet 1 and 2: Plateau. Mimeographed paper. Ibadan.