Janet Smith (Rhodesia)

Janet Smith (Rhodesia)
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Cape Town, 1915
Mutuwa	Harare, 3 Disamba 1994
Makwanci	Shurugwi (en)
Yanayin mutuwa	Sababi na ainihi
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Ian Douglas Smith (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	University of Cape Town (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	Malami, ɗan siyasa da Manoma

Janet Duvenage Smith Watt; 1915 - 3 Disamba 1994), ita ce matar Ian Smith, Firayim Minista na Rhodesia daga 1964 zuwa 1979.  – An haife ta ne a Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, ta yi karatun tarihi a Jami'ar Cape Town kuma ta zama malama. A shekara ta 1942, ta auri Piet Duvenage, dan wasan rugby, kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. Ya mutu a hatsari a filin rugby a shekarar 1947. A shekara ta gaba, wani ɗan gajeren ziyara tare da dangi a Kudancin Rhodesia ya zama na dindindin lokacin da ta karɓi aikin koyarwa a Selukwe. A can, ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Ian Smith, wanda ya dawo gida kwanan nan daga Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. A shekara ta 1948, ma'auratan sun yi aure kuma sun sayi gona, kuma an zabi Ian a Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Rhodesia.

A shekara ta 1964, lokacin da Ian Smith ya zama Firayim Minista na Rhodesia, iyalin suka koma gidan firaministan a Salisbury. Smith ta raba lokacinta tsakanin ayyukan jihar da kuma gudanar da gonar a Selukwe. Bayan samun 'yancin Zimbabwe daga Ingila, an ci mijinta a Zaben 1980, amma ya kasance a Majalisar dokokin Zimbabwe har zuwa 1987. Smith ta ci gaba da raba lokacinta tsakanin Harare da gonar har zuwa mutuwarta daga ciwon daji a 1994.

Rayuwa ta farko, ilimi, da aure na farko

An haifi Janet Watt a Cape Town a cikin Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1915. Iyayenta sun fito ne daga Scotland, kuma mahaifinta likita ne. Ta halarci Jami'ar Cape Town, inda ta yi karatun tarihi, ilimin ƙasa, da wasu falsafar, kuma ta kasance 'yar wasan hockey na filin wasa.[1] An san ta sosai da buga wasan hockey a lardin Yamma.[4] A can, ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Ian Smith, wanda ke kan harabar a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar rugby ta Jami'ar Rhodes.[3]

Bayan kammala karatunta, Watt ta sami cancantar koyarwa kuma ta zama malamin tarihi. A shekara ta 1942, ta auri Piet Duvenage, likita kuma dan wasan rugby. Tare suna da ɗa, Robert, da 'yar, Jean.[3] Piet Duvenage ya mutu a wani Hadari mai ban mamaki a filin wasa yayin horar da kulob din rugby a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1947. [2] [3] Yarinya gwauruwa ce, an bar ta don tallafa wa 'ya'yanta biyu a kan albashin malami.[6]

Ku koma Kudancin Rhodesia da Ian Smith

A shekara ta 1947, Duvenage ta dauki 'ya'yanta biyu zuwa Selukwe, Kudancin Rhodesia, don zama tare da dangi don ɗan gajeren hutu. Matakin ya zama na dindindin lokacin da ta karɓi tayin aiki daga Makarantar Firamare ta Selukwe. A wannan shekarar, ta hanyar 'yar'uwarta, ta sake saduwa da Ian Smith, wanda kwanan nan ya koma garinsu kuma yana karbar darussan a Kwalejin Aikin Gwebi . Daga baya ya rubuta cewa halayen da suka fi janyo hankalinsa ga Janet sune basirarta, ƙarfin hali da "tsayayya" a kan ka'idar zuwa gefe-mataki ko kauce wa batun ... halinta shine ya zaɓi yanke shawara da ke buƙatar ƙarfin zuciya, maimakon yin hanya mai sauƙi. " [1] A cikin 1948, ita da Smith sun shiga, kuma ta fara sabon matsayi a matsayin uwargidan lissafi da yanayin ƙasa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Chaplin da ke kusa da Gwelo . [3] 

Aikin noma da siyasa

Ian Smith, kusan shekara ta 1954

A watan Yulin 1948, an kira babban zabe a Kudancin Rhodesia bayan gwamnatin United Party, karkashin jagorancin Firayim Minista, Sir Godfrey Huggins, ba zato ba tsammani ya rasa kuri'a a Majalisar dokoki. A watan Agusta, kimanin wata daya kafin ranar zabe, 'yan Jam'iyyar Liberal Party sun tunkari Ian Smith wadanda suka nemi ya tsaya takarar zabe a Selukwe.[1] Jacob Smit's Liberals, duk da sunansu, sun kasance masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, galibi suna wakiltar aikin gona na kasuwanci, hakar ma'adinai da bukatun masana'antu. Smith da farko ya yi jinkiri, yana cewa yana da matukar damuwa wajen shirya rayuwarsa don tsayawa, amma ya amince bayan daya daga cikin jami'an Liberal ya ba da shawarar cewa aikin siyasa na iya ba shi damar kare dabi'un da ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Tare da bikin aurensu kusan makonni biyu, Smith ta yi mamakin sanin shawarar mijinta na gudu don Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Rhodesia, ba tare da ya taɓa jin shi yana magana game da siyasa ba. Ta tambaye shi, "Shin kuna da sha'awar siyasa - siyasa ta jam'iyya?" [1] Ya amsa, "Ba zan iya cewa ina da sha'awa sosai ga siyasar jam'iyya ba, amma koyaushe ina da sha-awar gwamnati mai kyau".

Baya ga zama ɗan siyasa, Agusta 1948 yana da mahimmanci ga Smiths a wasu hanyoyi biyu: watan ne suka yi aure, kuma watan da suka sayi gonar su ta farko. Ginin 3,600-acre (15 wani fili ne na ƙasa mai laushi kusa da Selukwe, wanda ke da iyaka da Kogin Lundi da Impali kuma ya raba shi da rafi mai tsabta. Sun kira shi "Gwenoro", ta amfani da sunan da Mutanen Karanga na yankin ke amfani da shi don komawa ga rafin, kuma sun kafa ranch inda suke kiwon shanu da shuka taba da masara. Ian ya karbi 'ya'yanta, yana ɗaukar nauyin uba nan take, a wani bangare, kamar yadda ya bayyana, "saboda na san [Piet Duvenage] sosai" daga buga wasan rugby da shi. Bayan bikin aure, da kuma 'yan kwanaki na amarya a Victoria Falls, Smiths sun koma gida kuma sun shiga cikin yakin neman zabe.[4] A zaben da aka yi a ranar 15 ga watan Satumba, Ian Smith ya ci nasara da kuri'u 361, mafi rinjaye 100+ a kan dan takarar Labour na biyu. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 28, ya zama dan majalisa mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin Kudancin Rhodesia.

Kasancewar ta girma a wani yanki na Cape Town masu nuna sha'awar da ba ta taba jefa kuri'a ba, Smith ba ta tunanin shigar mijinta majalisar zai canza rayuwarsu kwata-kwata. "Na farko dai na auri manomi," daga baya ta ce, "yanzu shi ma zai zama dan siyasa, sai na ce, 'To, idan da gaske kuke sha'awar shi, ci gaba." Ban taɓa sanina ba—na kasance da butulci game da ’yan siyasa—cewa rayuwarmu za ta shafi ko kaɗan.” Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana cewa ofishin siyasa na mijinta ya sa ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo daga Selukwe yana aiki. a Salisbury, ma'ana za ta gudanar da aikin gona a lokacin ba ya nan. A ranar 20 ga Mayu 1949, an haifi ɗa tilo, Alec a Gwelo .

Matar Firayim Minista

Ian Smith ya sauya sheka daga Jam'iyyar Liberal zuwa Jam'iyyar Tarayya ta Tarayya, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Whip daga 1958 zuwa gaba. Ya bar a 1961 don nuna rashin amincewa da sabon kundin tsarin mulki na yankin, kuma a shekara mai zuwa ya taimaka wa Winston Field ya kafa fararen fata, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Rhodesian Front (RF), wanda ya yi kira ga 'yancin kai ba tare da sauyawa nan da nan zuwa mulkin mafi rinjaye baƙar fata ba. Ra'ayoyin mijinta na dama ba matsala ba ne ga Smith, wanda ra'ayoyinsa game da tseren sun fi ƙarfinsa. Ian ya zama Mataimakin Firayim Minista bayan Nasarar zaben Rhodesian Front a watan Disamba na shekarar 1962, kuma ya hau matsayin firaminista bayan da Field ya yi murabus a watan Afrilun 1964. Smiths sun bar gudanar da gonar ga wasu, kuma sun koma Salisbury don shiga Gidan Gwamnati, gidan firaministan.]

A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1965, bayan da aka yi shawarwari da yawa da suka gaza tare da Burtaniya, Ian Smith da majalisar ministocinsa sun ayyana 'yancin kai a matsayin Rhodesia. Smith zai rike mukamin firaminista na kimanin shekaru goma da rabi masu zuwa. A matsayinta na matar Firayim Minista, Smith ta shafe yawancin lokacinta da ke cikin al'amuran jihar, ma ɗanta Alec ya bayyana ta a matsayin "alamu na turare a cikin iska" a gare shi a waɗannan kwanakin. Ba tare da kulawar iyaye ba, matashi Alec ya zama mai yawan yin biki da amfani da barasa da kwayoyi. A halin yanzu, duka Janet da Ian sun ji daɗin lokacinsa a matsayin firaminista. Janet, mace mai kyau, mai basira, kuma mai ƙuduri, ta dace da matsayinta na matar Firayim Minista. Wani abu na yau da kullun, idan ba shi da tushe, wanda abokan adawarsa na siyasa na cikin gida suka yi amfani da shi a kan Ian shi ne cewa matarsa ita ce "ikon da ke bayan kursiyin".

A fuskar takunkumin tattalin arziki na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma tare da goyon bayan wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma, har zuwa 1974, Portugal, gwamnatin Rhodesia ta jimre. Tattaunawar da yawa tare da Burtaniya ba ta kai ga komai ba, kuma Ian Smith da Rhodesian Front sun ci gaba da mulki ta hanyar wasu nasarorin zabe da yawa. Yakin Bush na Rhodesia ya karu tun daga shekarar 1972, tare da 'yan kasa na Afirka da ke fada da gwamnatin fari da ke ci gaba da kewaye da ita.

Rayuwa da mutuwa daga baya

A shekara ta 1978, Ian Smith da masu kishin kasa wadanda ba masu fafutuka ba ciki har da Abel Muzorewa sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Cikin Gida, inda ya sauka daga firaministan kuma kasar ta zama Zimbabwe Rhodesia daga ranar 1 ga Yuni 1979. Bayan Yarjejeniyar Gidan Lancaster, Robert Mugabe da sauran masu fafutukar kasa sun zo mulki a Zimbabwe mai zaman kanta a shekarar 1980. Ko da yake ba Firayim Minista ba ne, Ian ya kasance Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa kuma ya rike kujerar a Majalisar Zimbabue har zuwa 1987. Ma'auratan har yanzu suna da zama a Harare (sabuwar sunan Salisbury), kuma Smith ta ci gaba da gudanar da gonar Gwenoro yayin da mijinta ya mai da hankali kan siyasa.

Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a Harare a daren 3 ga Disamba 1994 . An binne ta a garinsu na dogon lokaci, Shurugwi (a baya Selukwe). Bayan mutuwarta, mijinta ya dauki manajan aiki don gudanar da gonar su.

Rayuwa da iyali

Smith tana da 'ya'ya biyu tare da mijinta na farko, Jean da Robert . A shekara ta 1967, ya auri Jean Clem Tholet, mawaƙi-marubucin da aka fi sani da waƙoƙin kishin ƙasa na Rhodesian kamar "Rhodesians Never Die". Janet da Ian Smith suna da ɗa ɗaya, Alec, wanda daga baya ya zama malamin Sojojin Kasa na Zimbabwe. Dukkanin 'ya'yansu uku sun halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Chaplin a Gweru. 'Yar'uwar Smith Helen ta auri Owen Horwood, wanda ya kasance Ministan Kudi a gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu.

Smith, kamar mijinta, ta kasance mai zuwa coci, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma mai son wasanni.