John Major
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Sir John Major KG CH (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Maris 1943) tsohon ɗan siyasan Biritaniya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Burtaniya kuma Jagoran Jam'iyyar Conservative daga 1990 zuwa 1997. A baya ya rike mukaman majalisar ministoci a karkashin Firayim Minista Margaret Thatcher, daga karshe ya samu matsayin Chancellor of Exchequer daga 1989 zuwa 1990. Major ya kasance memba na majalisa (MP) na Huntingdon, wanda a da Huntingdonshire, daga 1979 zuwa 2001. Tun da ya sauka a matsayin dan majalisa a shekara ta 2001, Major ya mayar da hankali kan rubuce-rubuce da harkokin kasuwancinsa, wasanni da kuma ayyukan agaji, kuma a wasu lokuta yana yin tsokaci game da ci gaban siyasa a matsayin dattijo.
Bayan ya bar makaranta kwana daya kafin ya cika shekaru goma sha shida, [1] Major ya shiga Young Conservatives a 1959, kuma nan da nan ya zama memba mai ƙwazo. An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Karamar Hukumar Lambeth London a shekarar 1968, kuma bayan shekaru goma zuwa majalisa, an zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai na Huntingdonshire, daga baya Huntingdon, a babban zaben 1979. Major ya rike mukamai na kananan hukumomi da dama a karkashin Thatcher daga 1984 zuwa 1987, gami da Sakatare mai zaman kansa na Majalisa da Assistant whip. Ya yi aiki a ma'aikatar Thatcher ta uku a matsayin Babban Sakataren Baitulmali daga 1987 zuwa 1989, Sakataren Harkokin Waje a 1989, da Chancellor of Exchequer daga 1989 zuwa 1990. Bayan murabus din Thatcher a 1990, bayan da aka kaddamar da kalubalantar shugabancinta, Major ya tsaya a zaben shugabancin jam'iyyar Conservative a shekarar 1990 don maye gurbinta kuma ya yi nasara, ya zama Firayim Minista. Salon sa na tawali'u da matsayar siyasa ya bambanta da na Thatcher. Shekaru biyu da fara mulkinsa, Major ya ci gaba da jagorantar jam'iyyar Conservative zuwa nasara ta hudu a jere, inda ya lashe fiye da 14 . kuri'u miliyan, wanda ya kasance mafi yawan adadin da wata jam'iyyar siyasa ta taba samu a Biritaniya. [2]
A matsayin Firayim Minista, Major ya kirkiro Yarjejeniya ta Jama'a, cire Harajin Zabe kuma ya maye gurbinsa da Tax Tax Council, ya sadaukar da sojojin Burtaniya zuwa yakin Gulf, ya dauki nauyin tattaunawar Burtaniya kan yarjejeniyar Maastricht, [3] ya jagoranci kasar a farkon farkon. Rikicin tattalin arziki na shekarun 1990, ya janye fam ɗin daga tsarin canjin canjin Turai (a ranar Laraba), ya haɓaka masu ra'ayin mazan jiya zuwa kamfen na yau da kullun, mayar da layin dogo da masana'antar kwal, kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da zaman lafiya a Arewacin Ireland. [4] A cikin shekarar 1995, Major ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban jam'iyya, a cikin rarrabuwar kawuna kan kasancewar Burtaniya a Tarayyar Turai, badakalar 'yan majalisa (wanda aka fi sani da "sleaze") da kuma tambayoyi kan amincinsa na tattalin arziki. Duk da cewa an sake zabensa a matsayin shugaban masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a zaben shugabancin jam'iyyar Conservative a shekarar 1995, gwamnatinsa ba ta da farin jini, kuma nan da nan ta rasa rinjayen 'yan majalisa. [5] Jam'iyyar Labour ta ja gaban jam'iyyar Conservative a kowane zabe na kananan hukumomi a lokacin shugabancin Major, wanda ya karu bayan Tony Blair ya zama shugaban Labour a 1994. Major ya sha kaye mai yawa a babban zaben shekarar 1997, lokacin da jam'iyyar Labour ta yiwa jam'iyyar Conservatives daya daga cikin mafi girman kayen zabe, wanda ya haifar da gwamnatin Labour ta kawo karshen shekaru 18 na mulkin Conservative.
Bayan da Blair ya gaji Major a matsayin firaminista, Major ya yi shugabancin jam'iyyar na tsawon makwanni bakwai yayin da ake gudanar da zaben shugabannin da zai maye gurbinsa. Ya kafa majalisar ministocin inuwar ta wucin gadi, kuma Manjo da kansa ya yi aiki a matsayin Shadow foreign secretary da kuma Shadow secretary of state defense. Murabus dinsa na shugaban masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ya fara aiki a hukumance a watan Yunin 1997 bayan zaben William Hague. Ya kasance mai himma a majalisa, yana halarta da kuma bayar da gudummawa a cikin muhawara, har sai da ya bar kujerarsa a babban zaben 2001 don mayar da hankali kan rubuce-rubuce da kasuwancinsa, wasanni da kuma ayyukan agaji. Tun da ya bar ofis, Major ya kasance yana kula da kafafen yada labarai, a wasu lokuta yana yin shisshigi na siyasa. Ya goyi bayan kamfen din Burtaniya mai karfi a Turai don Burtaniya ta ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin Tarayyar Turai, kuma ya sha sukar Brexit bayan sakamakon zaben raba gardama na 2016.
Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu ta ba Major a 2005 don hidima ga siyasa da sadaka, kuma an mai da shi abokin girmamawa a 1999 saboda aikinsa kan tsarin zaman lafiya na Arewacin Ireland. Kodayake fifikon jama'a na Major ya inganta tun lokacin da ya bar ofis, ana kallon matsayinsa a matsayin matsakaicin matsayi a tarihin tarihi da kuma ra'ayin jama'a na Firayim Minista na Burtaniya.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ "The Rt. Hon. Sir John Major KG CH" . Johnmajorarchive.org . Retrieved 12 November 2022.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "UK Election Statistics: 1918-2021: A century of elections" (PDF). House of Commons Library . 18 August 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2022.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "European Council (Maastricht)" . Hansard . 11 December 1991. Retrieved 17 May 2011.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Watt, Nicholas (17 May 2011). "John Major started process that has culminated with Queen's visit to Dublin" . The Guardian . Retrieved 12 November 2022.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Watt, Nicholas (17 May 2011). "John Major started process that has culminated with Queen's visit to Dublin" . The Guardian . Retrieved 12 November 2022.Empty citation (help)