Kungiyar Tsaron Shugaban kasa

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Kungiyar Tsaron Shugaban kasa
regiment (en) Fassara da branch of service (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Farawa 21 Nuwamba, 1995
Gajeren suna RSP
Ƙasa Burkina Faso
Dissolved, abolished or demolished date (en) Fassara 2015
Wuri
Map
 12°22′07″N 1°31′39″W / 12.3686°N 1.5275°W / 12.3686; -1.5275

Kungiyar Tsaron Shugaban kasa ( French: Régiment de la sécurité présidentielle , R.S.P ), wani lokaci ana kiransa kungiyar Tsaron Shugaban kasa, [1] ita ce ƙungiyar ba da sabis na ɓoye da ke da alhakin tsaro ta VIP ga Shugaban Burkina Faso, ƙasar da ba ta da iyaka a Afirka ta Yamma . Ya kasance mai cin gashin kansa daga Sojojin . Har zuwa 31 ga Oktoban shekarata 2014, Shugaban ya kasance Blaise Compaoré, wani jami'in soja wanda ya hau mulki a juyin mulki na shekarar 1987. kungiyoyin sanannun sanannun sanannun sa hannu ne cikin siyasar Burkina Faso, suna yi wa shugaban Compaoré ƙarfe a cikin mamayar sa da ƙasar. Mutane da yawa a ƙasar sun ce suna tsoron su sosai, [2]wanda a cikin 2012 - shekaru biyu kafin ƙarshen gwamnatin Compaoré - kungiyar Demokraɗiyya ta bayyana shi da "mulkin kama-karya".[3]

A ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba, 2014, Laftanar Kanar Yacouba Isaac Zida - mataimakin kwamandan rundunar tsaro ta Shugaban kasa - a takaice ya hau mukaddashin Shugaban kasa bayan korar Compaoré. Daga baya a cikin watan, an nada Zida Firayim Minista. A ranar 16 ga watan Satumbar 2015, bayan da aka ba da shawarar a rusa ta, RSP ta sake yin wani juyin mulki wanda ya yi garkuwa da Michel Kafando da gwamnatinsa. Sojoji sun shiga ciki kuma an dawo da Kafando a ranar 23 ga watan Satumba. An rusa rundunar tsaro ta Shugaban kasa, kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar a baya, a ranar 25 ga watan Satumba 2015.

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Taimako na Compaoré[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Norbert Zongo, ɗan jaridar da RSP ya kashe

Yunƙurin girma bayan da Kyaftin Blaise Compaoré ya ƙwace mulki a wani juyin mulkin soja na 1987, ya kuma shiga cikin kashe-kashe da yawa ba bisa umarnin Shugaba Compaoré ba a cikin shekarun 1990s, yana aiki a matsayin rundunar mutuwa da masu tsaron lafiyarsa . A cikin 1990, RSP ya azabtar da dalibin likitan nan kuma mai gwagwarmaya matasa David Boukary har ya mutu. [4] A shekarar 1998, an kashe David Ouedraogo - direban dan uwan shugaban kasar François Compaoré - wanda hakan ya haifar da bincike daga dan jaridar Norbert Zongo, fitaccen mai sukar gwamnati a kasar a lokacin. A ranar 13 ga watan Disambar 1998 an tsinci gawar Zongo, dan uwansa Ernest, Ablassé Nikiema da Blaise Ilboudo a Sapouy, cike da harsasai. Da farko watsi da kisan a matsayin "mummunan haɗari", daga ƙarshe matsin lamba daga jama'a ya tilasta wa gwamnati sanya wani bincike.

Kwamitin mai zaman kansa na binciken ya gano cewa sojojin RSP sun azabtar da Ouedraogo har lahira a barikinsu saboda zargin da ya yi na satar dan uwan Shugaban kasar, kuma Norbert Zongo da sauran ukun suma RSP din sun kashe su. [5] Bayan haka Compaoré ya yi alkawarin sake fasalin RSP, kuma an kame sojoji da yawa, daga cikinsu Marcel Kafando, wanda shi ne kwamandan sashin a lokacin kisan. Zuwa 2006, duk da haka, duk an wanke su ko kuma an dakatar da tuhume-tuhumensu.[6]

Ba wai kawai suna aiki a matsayin masu tilasta Compaoré ba, an zargi mambobin RSP a kalla sau biyu da shiga cikin yunkurin kwace mulki. A watan Oktoba 1996 an kama sojoji RSP ashirin da biyar, kuma tare da kwamandan Regiment - Hyacinthe Kafando (ba shi da dangantaka da Marcel Kafando, magajinsa), wanda yake waje a lokacin - an gurfanar da su a gaban kuliya saboda shirya makarkashiyar juyin mulki d 'état, mai yiwuwa tare da sa hannun dan Ivory Coast. [7] Kafando, wanda ya kasance cikin juyin mulkin soja na Compaoré na 1987 (wanda hakan ma ya samu taimako daga gwamnatin Ivory Coast a lokacin), an ba shi damar komawa Burkina Faso daga gudun hijirar da ya yi a shekarar 2001. [8] A watan Oktoba na 2003 gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta yi nasarar hana juyin mulkin da aka shirya . A farkon watan Janairun 2004 an kame sojoji goma sha biyar, gami da mambobin RSP da dama, tare da fararen hula biyu kan zargin suna da hannu a wata makarkashiyar da ake zargi. [9] Bayan da Shugaba Compaoré ya yi murabus a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba 2014 saboda zanga-zangar adawa da shawarar da ya bayar na soke iyakar lokacin shugaban kasa, RSP ta yi juyin mulki a ranar 16 ga watan Satumbar 2015 bayan an ba da shawarar a rusa ta, tare da kwace ikon Ouagadougou . Koyaya, bayan yawan adawar da aikin soja na yau da kullun, shugaban rikon kwarya Michel Kafando da Firayim Minista Yacouba Zida an mai da su kan mukamansu a ranar 23 ga watan Satumbar 2015.[10]

Imentungiyar Tsaron Shugaban hadasa tana da rawar gani wajen dakatar da zanga-zangar Burkinabé ta 2011, wacce ta ɓarke a watan Fabrairu kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da aka sasanta a watan Yuni. Baya ga manyan zanga-zangar tituna da yajin aikin, tashin hankalin ya shafi shari'oi da yawa na lalata mutane tsakanin sojojin. RSP ya kasance mai taimakawa wajen kawar da wadannan rikice-rikicen, alal misali sanya kewaye ga sansanin soja a Bobo-Dioulasso a watan Yuni kuma suna fada da sojoji masu tawaye a can.[11][12] Waɗannan abubuwan sun haifar da rikici tsakanin Sojoji da runduna, ɗayan yana tsoron Compaoré ɗayan kuma amintacce. Sakamakon rawar da suka taka a cikin zanga-zangar, RSP ta karɓi makami mafi kyau fiye da sauran sojoji, ban da ƙarin albashi.[13]

A ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu 2012, wani soja da ya fice daga Regiment, Romuald Tuina, ya yi fashi a bankin Ouagadougou da rana tsaka, ya kwashe sama da CFA miliyan bakwai ya gudu zuwa Ivory Coast. A daren 30 zuwa 31 ga watan Agusta 2013, Tuina - bayan ya dawo Burkina Faso - ya yi yunƙurin kashe Compaoré, inda ya buɗe wuta a ofishin Shugaban bayan ya kutsa kai cikin fadar shugaban ƙasa sanye da kayan soja. An kashe shi a musayar harbe-harben da ke tafe.[14][15]

2014 Burkinabé tawaye[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan shekaru 27 na mulki, Shugaba Blaise Compaoré ya yi yunkurin cire dokar da kundin tsarin mulki ya gindaya kan sharuddan shugaban kasa, ta ba shi damar sake tsayawa takara a zaben 2015 . Wannan ya haifar da boren Burkinabé na 2014 a ƙarshen Oktoba, wanda ya ga dubun dubatar masu zanga-zangar adawa da tsarin mulki. Initiallyungiyar Tsaron Shugaban initiallyasa ta fara shiga cikin rikicin ne daga bangaren Shugaban, suna ta harbe-harbe da hayaki mai sa hawaye lokacin da masu zanga-zangar suka yi tattaki zuwa fadar shugaban, [16] da kashe aƙalla masu zanga-zangar uku da suka yi ƙoƙari su afka gidan ɗan’uwan Shugaban, Francis Compaoré .[17]

A ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba, Shugaba Blaise Compaoré ya yi murabus daga shugabancin ya gudu daga kasar. Bayan wannan, Janar Honoré Traoré, babban hafsan sojojin, ya yi ikirarin kafa gwamnatin soja ta rikon kwarya tare da kansa a matsayin Shugaban kasa. Amma masu zanga-zangar da yawa sun ƙi Traoré a matsayin babban aminin Compaoré, kuma a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci Laftanar Kanar Yacouba Isaac Zida shi ma ya yi iƙirarin matsayin. Zida, na biyu a kwamandan rundunar tsaro ta shugaban kasa, ya yi kira da a mika mulki cikin lumana, yana mai cewa "zai dauki nauyin shugaban wannan sauyin da kuma shugaban kasa don tabbatar da ci gaban jihar." [18] Daga baya Sojoji suka amince da da'awar ta Zida, shugabanninsu sun ba da sanarwar cewa "an zabi Zida gaba daya ya jagoranci lokacin mika mulki".[19]

Yayin da wasu kungiyoyin adawa, kamar Le Balai Citoyen, suka goyi bayan Zida kai tsaye, [20] zanga-zangar adawa da kwace sojoji ya biyo baya ba da jimawa ba. A cikin 'yan kwanaki masu zuwa Zida ya sadu da shugabannin siyasa da masu fada a ji na al'umma, da kokarin sasanta rikicin don samar da gwamnatin hadin kan kasa. Ba da daɗewa ba ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na duniya suka fara gabatar da buƙatun miƙa mulki ga sojojin farar hula.[21][22]

2015 Burkinabé juyin mulki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sojojin RSP a Ouagadougou yayin juyin mulkin 2015.

A ranar 16 ga watan Satumbar 2015, kwanaki biyu bayan kwamitin gyara ya ba da shawarar a rusa RSP, mambobin RSP suka fara juyin mulki, tare da kame Shugaba Michel Kafando, Firayim Minista Yacouba Zida da sauran mambobin gwamnatin rikon kwaryar.[23][24]

Sabuwar majalisar mulkin sojan ta kasa karfafa ikonta a duk fadin kasar kuma ta fuskanci zanga-zanga daga shugabannin yankin, kuma daga karshe daga sojoji na yau da kullun, don maido da gwamnatin rikon kwarya. Bayan sojoji sun shiga Ouagadougou don tunkarar RSP, an sake maida Kafando a matsayin Shugaban kasa a ranar 23 ga watan Satumba kuma Zida shi ma ya koma kan mukaminsa na Firayim Minista. Gilbert Diendéré ya ce juyin mulkin kuskure ne kuma "mun san cewa mutanen ba su goyi bayan hakan ba. Don haka ne muka yanke kauna. ” [25]

Bayan haka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mutane 11 suka mutu, kuma sama da 250 suka ji rauni yayin juyin mulkin. A taron farko na majalisar ministocin bayan juyin mulkin, an kori Ministan Tsaro kuma an soke matsayin shugaban kwamitin soja na shugaban kasa. An kafa kwamiti don gano wadanda ke da hannu a juyin mulkin kuma aka ba su kwanaki talatin su kawo rahoto. Ana sa ran gabatar da kara.[26]

Rushewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Satumba na 2015, RSP ya wargaje, kamar yadda aka ba da shawara jim kaɗan kafin juyin mulkin 2015.[26]

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • 2014 Burkinabé tawaye
  • 2015 Burkinabé juyin mulki

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ https://www.frstrategie.org/en/programs/observatoire-du-monde-arabo-musulman-et-du-sahel/towards-reforming-burkinabe-security-system-2017
  2. ↑ Francis, Dana J. (2007). Explaining Democratic Differences in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. p. 139. ISBN 054-971-489-8.
  3. ↑ "Democracy index 2012: Democracy at a standstill" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. 14 March 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  4. ↑ Manji, Firoze; Ekine, Sokari, eds. (2012). African Awakening: The Emerging Revolutions. Fahamu Books and Pambazuka Press. p. 133. ISBN 085-749-021-4.
  5. ↑ Wise, Christopher, ed. (2001). The Desert Shore: Literatures of the Sahel, Volume 3. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 157. ISBN 089-410-867-0.
  6. ↑ Rupley, Lawrence; Bangali, Lamissa; Diamitani, Boureima (2013). Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 69. ISBN 081-088-010-5.
  7. ↑ Africa South of the Sahara 2003. London: Psychology Press. 2002. p. 105. ISBN 185-743-131-6.
  8. ↑ Barry, Alpha (17 April 2001). "Blaise Compaoré donne des gages de réconciliation". Radio France Internationale (in French). Paris. Retrieved 9 November 2014.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ↑ Europa World Year, Volume 1. London: Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 923. ISBN 185-743-254-1.
  10. ↑ "A Week After Coup, Burkina Faso's Interim President Back In Power". National Public Radio. 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-09-23.
  11. ↑ "Burkina's presidential guard attacks mutineers". Modern Ghana. Ghana. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  12. ↑ "Burkina presidential guard fire on mutineers". Radio France Internationale. Paris. 3 June 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  13. ↑ "Two days, three leaders and a tricky transition for Burkina Faso". France 24. Paris. 1 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  14. ↑ Adams, Issaka (3 September 2013). "Blaise Compaore Assassination: Burkina Faso President Survives Deadly Assassination Attempt". National Turk. Turkey. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  15. ↑ Mehler, Andreas; Melber, Henning; van Walraven, Klaas, eds. (2014). Africa Yearbook Volume 10: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2013. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 63. ISBN 900-428-264-5.
  16. ↑ "Burkina Faso protesters set fire to parliament". The Telegraph. London. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  17. ↑ Patinkin, Jason (30 October 2014). "Could Burkina Faso protests signal end of president's 27-year rule?". The Christian Science Monitor. Boston. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  18. ↑ "Burkina Faso crisis: Col Isaac Zida claims presidential powers". British Broadcasting Corporation. London. 1 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  19. ↑ "Burkina Faso: Col Issac Zida named as transitional leader". British Broadcasting Corporation. London. 1 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  20. ↑ "Si je restais, je serais un cadavre". British Broadcasting Corporation (in French). London. 2 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  21. ↑ "African Union gives Burkina Faso two weeks to end military rule". France 24. Paris. 3 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  22. ↑ "Burkina Faso transition talks move forward". Yahoo! News. 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  23. ↑ Ouedraogo, Brahima (16 September 2015). "Military detains Burkina Faso's president, prime minister weeks ahead of landmark vote". U.S. News & World Report. Associated Press. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  24. ↑ Coulibaly, Nadoun; Flynn, Daniel (16 September 2015). "Burkina Faso presidential guard detains cabinet - military sources". Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  25. ↑ Patrick Fort and Romaric Ollo Hien, "Burkina president resumes power after week-long coup", Agence France-Presse, 23 September 2015.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Burkina Faso government disbands elite unit behind coup". Reuters. 26 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 November 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
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