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Muhammad Ibn Musa Alkhwarizmi

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Muhammad Ibn Musa Alkhwarizmi
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي
Haihuwa unknown value da Khwarazm (en) Fassara, 780
Mazauni Bagdaza
Mutuwa unknown value da Bagdaza, 850
Karatu
Harsuna Farisawa
Larabci
Sana'a
Sana'a masanin lissafi, Ilimin Taurari, masanin yanayin ƙasa, mai falsafa, mai aikin fassara da Masanin tarihi
Employers House of Wisdom (en) Fassara
Muhimman ayyuka The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Musulunci
Mabiya Sunnah
Interactive Linear Algebra (Georgia Institute of Technology textbook).
Muhammad Ibn Musa Alkhwarizmi

Muḥammad dan Mūsā al-Khwārizmī[1] (lang-fa|محمد بن موسى خوارزمی;) ko kuma al-Khwarizmi, Turawa sun canja sunansa zuwa yanayi na latin a matsayin Algorithmi,[note 1] shahararren mai ilimi ne dan kasar Persian[2][3][4] Ya kasance fitacce kuma ƙwararren malami, wanda yayi ayyuka da dama a fannonin Lissafi, astronomy, da geography a ƙarƙashin kula da taimakon Halifancin Al-Ma'mun na Daular Abbasiyyah.[5] A kusan shekara ta 820 AD an naɗa shi amatsayin astronomer kuma shugaban labari na House of Wisdom dake a Baghdad.[6]

Al-Khwarizmi's popularizing treatise on algebra (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, c. 813–833 CE[7] tazo da hanyoyi na farko akan warware matsalolin linear da quadratic equations. Ɗaya daga cikin babban nasararsa itace hanyar daya nuna tayadda za'a warware matsalar quadratic equations ta hanyar completing the square.[6] dalilin shi kadaine ya fara warware algebra as an independent discipline sannan kuma ya shigo da hanyar "reduction" da "balancing" (the transposition of subtracted terms to the other side of an equation, that is, the cancellation of like terms on opposite sides of the equation),[8] An bayyana shi a matsayin Baba[9][10] ko wanda ya kirkiri[11][12] algebra. Kalmar algebra itama ta zo ne daga sunan littafinsa (musamman Kalmar al-jabr dake ma'anar "completion" ko "rejoining"). Sunansa ya haifar da wadannan kalmomin Algorism da algorithm.[13] Har wayau sunansa itace mafarin sunan (Spanish) guarismo[14] da kuma na (Portuguese) algarismo, wadanda dukkanin su ke nufin digit.

A karni na 12th, fassarar Latin na littafin sa akan arithmetic (Algorithmo de Numero Indorum) which codified the various Indian numerals, Ita tazo da decimal positional number system zuwa yammacin duniya.[15] The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, da aka fassara zuwa Latin wanda Robert of Chester yayi a 1145, anyita amfani dashi har zuwa karni na goma sha shida, a matsayin babban littafin lissafi na karatu a Jami'o'in turai.[16][17][18][19]

Muhammad Ibn Musa Alkhwarizmi

Kari akan mafi kyawun aikinsa, he revised Ptolemy's Geography, da jeranta longitudes da latitudes na birane da dama da garuruwa.[20] Ya kai ga samar da a set of astronomical tables da kuma rubutu akan calendaric works,as well as the astrolabe and the sundial.[5].

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Other Latin transliterations include Algaurizin.citation needed|date=August 2015

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  1. ↑ There is some confusion in the literature on whether al-Khwārizmī's cikkaken sunan sa shine baban Abdullahi muhammad dan musa khwarizmi lang|ar|rtl=yes|ابو عبد الله محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي transl|ar|ALA|Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad dan Mūsā al-Khwārizmī koh lang|ar|rtl=yes|ابو جعفر محمد بن موسی الخوارزمی transl|ar|ALA|Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad dan Mūsā al-Khwārizmī. Dan Khaldun notes in his encyclopedic work:"The first who wrote upon this branch [algebra] was Baban ‘Abdallah al-Khowarizmi, wanda yazo bayan Abu Kamil Shoja‘ dan Aslam." (MacGuckin de Slane). (Rosen 1831,pp. xi–xiii)Ambaton da "[Abu Abdallah Mohammed dan Musa] rayuwar da yayi a karkashin halifancin Al Mamun,and must therefore be distinguished from Baban Jafar Mohammed dan Musa, likewise a mathematician and astronomer,who flourished under the Caliph Al Motaded (who reigned A.H. 279–289, A.D. 892–902)." In the introduction to his critical commentary on Robert of Chester's Latin translation of al-Khwārizmī's Algebra,L.C. Karpinski notes that Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad dan Mūsā refers to the eldest of the Banū Mūsā brothers.Karpinski notes in his review on (Ruska 1917) that in (Ruska 1918):"Ruska here inadvertently speaks of the author as Abū Ga‘far M.b.M.,instead of Abū Abdallah M.b.M."
  2. ↑ The Math Book: From Pythagoras to the 57th Dimension, 250 Milestones in the ... : p. 84
  3. ↑ Saliba, George (September 1998). "Science and medicine". Iranian Studies. 31 (3–4): 681–690. doi:10.1080/00210869808701940. Take, for example, someone like Muhammad b. Musa al-Khwarizmi (fl. 850) who may present a problem for the EIr, for although he was obviously of Persian descent, he lived and worked in Baghdad and was not known to have produced a single scientific work in Persian.
  4. ↑ Hogendijk, Jan P. (1998). "al-Khwarzimi". Pythagoras. University of Indianapolis. pp. 4–5. ISSN 0033-4766. Archived from the original on 2016-04-18. Retrieved 2008-05-30; cite journal. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Arndt, A. (1983). Al-Khwarizmi. The Mathematics Teacher, 76(9), 668–670.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Maher, P. (1998). From Al-Jabr to Algebra. Mathematics in School, 27(4), 14–15.
  7. ↑ Oaks, J. (2009). Polynomials and equations in arabic algebra. Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 63(2), 169–203.
  8. ↑ (Boyer 1991, "The Arabic Hegemony" p. 229) "It is not certain just what the terms al-jabr and muqabalah mean, but the usual interpretation is similar to that implied in the translation above. The word al-jabr presumably meant something like "restoration" or "completion" and seems to refer to the transposition of subtracted terms to the other side of an equation; the word muqabalah is said to refer to "reduction" or "balancing" – that is, the cancellation of like terms on opposite sides of the equation."
  9. ↑ Boyer, Carl B., 1985. A History of Mathematics, p. 252. Princeton University Press. "Diophantus sometimes is called the father of algebra, but this title more appropriately belongs to al-Khowarizmi..." , "...the Al-jabr comes closer to the elementay algebra of today than the works of either Diophantus or Brahmagupta..."
  10. ↑ S Gandz, The sources of al-Khwarizmi's algebra, Osiris, i (1936), 263–277,"Al-Khwarizmi's algebra is regarded as the foundation and cornerstone of the sciences. In a sense, al-Khwarizmi is more entitled to be called "the father of algebra" than Diophantus because al-Khwarizmi is the first to teach algebra in an elementary form and for its own sake, Diophantus is primarily concerned with the theory of numbers."
  11. ↑ https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/MATH104/20010-11/HistoryOfAlgebra.pdf, dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes "The first true algebra text which is still extant is the work on al-jabr and al-muqabala by Mohammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, written in Baghdad around 825"
  12. ↑ Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=9HUDXkJIE3EC&pg=PA188&lpg=PA188&dq=Al-Tusi+introduced+a+new+discipline%E2%80%94algebraic+geometry%E2%80%94that+relies+on+equations+to+study+curves.%22#v=onepage&q=Al-Tusi%20introduced%20a%20new%20discipline%E2%80%94algebraic%20geometry%E2%80%94that%20relies%20on%20equations%20to%20study%20curves.%22&f=true%7Ctitle=The Oxford History of Islam|last=Esposito|first=John L.|date=2000-04-06|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199880416|language=en|page=188|quote=Al-Khwarizmi is often considered the founder of algebra, and his name gave rise to the term algorithm.
  13. ↑ harvnb|Daffa|1977
  14. ↑ cite book|author=Knuth, Donald|url=http://historical.ncstrl.org/litesite-data/stan/CS-TR-80-786.pdf%7Ctitle=Algorithms[permanent dead link] in Modern Mathematics and Computer Science|publisher=Springer-Verlag|date=1979|isbn=978-0387111575|authorlink=Donald Knuth|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107213306/http://historical.ncstrl.org/litesite-data/stan/CS-TR-80-786.pdf%7Carchivedate%3D2006-11-07%7Cdf%3D
  15. ↑ harvnb|Struik|1987| p= 93
  16. ↑ Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=lQbcCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false%7Ctitle=History[permanent dead link] of the Arabs|last=Philip Khuri Hitti|publisher=|year=2002|isbn=978-1137039828|location=|pages=379
  17. ↑ Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9S0XAQAAIAAJ%7Ctitle=A[permanent dead link] History of the Islamic World|last=Fred James Hill, Nicholas Awde|publisher=|year=2003|isbn=978-0781810159|location=|page=55|quote="The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing" (Hisab al-Jabr wa H-Muqabala) on the development of the subject cannot be underestimated. Translated into Latin during the twelfth century, it remained the principal mathematics textbook in European universities, until the sixteenth century
  18. ↑ Cite web|url=http://www.ms.uky.edu/~carl/ma330/project2/al-khwa21.html%7Ctitle=Al-Khwarizmi%7Clast=Shawn[permanent dead link] Overbay, Jimmy Schorer, and Heather Conger|first=University of Kentucky|date=|website=|access-date=
  19. ↑ Cite web|url=http://www.sjsu.edu/people/patricia.backer/history/islam.htm%7Ctitle=Islam[permanent dead link] Spain and the history of technology|website=www.sjsu.edu|access-date=2018-01-24
  20. ↑ L.,V.D. (1985). A history of algebra: from al – Khwarizmi to emmy noether.Berlin: Springer-Verlag.


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