Tsarin yanayi
 Tsarin yanayi | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
scientific model (en)  |
| Amfani |
scientific modeling (en) |
tsarin yanayi na duniya tsari ne mai rikitarwa tare da abubuwa guda biyar masu hulɗa: yanayi (iska), hydrosphere (ruwa), cryosphere (ƙanƙara da permafrost), lithosphere (dutse na sama na duniya) da biosphere (abubuwa masu rai). ::1451">: 1451 Yanayi shine ƙididdigar tsarin yanayi.[1] : 1450 Yana wakiltar matsakaicin yanayi, yawanci a cikin shekaru 30, kuma an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar haɗuwa da matakai, kamar raƙuman teku da tsarin iska.[2][3] Circulation a cikin yanayi da teku yana jigilar zafi daga yankuna masu zafi zuwa yankunan da ke karɓar ƙaramin makamashi daga Sun. Rashin Hasken rana shine babban ƙarfin motsawa ga wannan zagayawa. Tsarin ruwa kuma yana motsa makamashi a duk tsarin yanayi. Bugu da kari, wasu sinadarai suna motsawa koyaushe tsakanin abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin yanayi. Misalai guda biyu ga waɗannan sake zagayowar halittu sune sake zagayolar carbon da nitrogen.
Tsarin yanayi na iya canzawa saboda bambancin ciki da tilastawa na waje. Wadannan karfi na waje na iya zama na halitta, kamar bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin rana da fashewar dutsen wuta, ko kuma wanda mutane suka haifar. Tattara iskar gas a cikin yanayi, galibi ana fitar da ita ta hanyar mutane da ke ƙone man fetur, yana haifar da Canjin yanayi. Ayyukan ɗan adam kuma suna fitar da aerosols masu sanyaya, amma tasirin su ƙasa da na iskar gas. ::1451 Canje-canje za a iya fadada su ta hanyar hanyoyin ra'ayoyi a cikin bangarorin tsarin yanayi daban-daban.
Abubuwan da aka haɗa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]yanayi yanayi ya kewaye duniya kuma ya kai daruruwan kilomita Rana farfajiya. Ya ƙunshi mafi yawan inert nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) da Argon (0.9%). [4] Wasu iskar gas a cikin yanayi, kamar tururi na ruwa da carbon dioxide, sune iskar gas mafi mahimmanci don aikin tsarin yanayi, saboda su iskar gas ne wanda ke ba da damar haske mai ganuwa daga Sun ya shiga farfajiya, amma ya toshe wasu radiation na infrared da ke fitowa a saman Duniya don daidaita radiation na Sun. Wannan yana haifar da yanayin zafi ya tashi.[5]
Tsarin hydrological shine motsi na ruwa ta hanyar tsarin yanayi. Ba wai kawai sake zagayowar ruwa ya ƙayyade alamu na hazo ba, yana da tasiri a kan motsi na makamashi a duk tsarin yanayi.[5]
Hydrosphere da ya dace ya ƙunshi duk ruwa mai ruwa a Duniya, tare da mafi yawansu da ke cikin tekun duniya.[6] Tekun ya rufe kashi 71% na farfajiyar duniya zuwa matsakaicin zurfin kusan kilomita 4 (2.5 miles), [7] kuma yanayin zafi na teku ya fi girma fiye da zafi da ke cikin yanayi. [8][5] Ya ƙunshi ruwan teku tare da gishiri na kusan 3.5% a matsakaici, amma wannan ya bambanta da sarari.[8] Ana samun ruwan gishiri a cikin koguna da wasu tabkuna, kuma mafi yawan Ruwa mai laushi, 2.5% na duk ruwa, ana gudanar da shi a cikin kankara da dusar ƙanƙara.[9]
cryosphere ya ƙunshi dukkan sassan tsarin yanayi inda ruwa yake da ƙarfi. Wannan ya hada da kankara ta teku, kankara, permafrost da dusar ƙanƙara. Saboda akwai ƙasa da yawa a Arewacin Hemisphere idan aka kwatanta da Kudancin Hemispher, babban ɓangare na wannan Hemisphere an rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara.[8] Dukkanin sassan suna da kusan adadin kankara na teku. Yawancin ruwan daskarewa yana ƙunshe a cikin kankara a kan Greenland da Antarctica, wanda ke da matsakaicin kusan kilomita 2 (1.2 miles) a tsawo. Wadannan kankara suna gudana a hankali zuwa gefen su.[8]
Yankin Duniya, musamman duwatsu da kwari, suna tsara tsarin iska na duniya: manyan tsaunuka suna samar da shingen iska da tasiri inda kuma yawan ruwan sama.[8] Ƙasar da ke kusa da bude teku tana da yanayi mai matsakaici fiye da ƙasar da ke nesa da teku.[10] Don manufar tsara yanayin, ana ɗaukar ƙasar sau da yawa a matsayin mai tsayawa yayin da yake canzawa sannu a hankali idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwan da suka hada tsarin yanayi.[5] Matsayin nahiyoyi yana ƙayyade yanayin teku sabili da haka yana tasiri ga tsarin yaduwar teku. Wuraren tekuna suna da mahimmanci wajen sarrafa canja wurin zafi da danshi a duk faɗin duniya, sabili da haka, a ƙayyade yanayin duniya.[11]
A ƙarshe, Yanayin halittu yana hulɗa da sauran tsarin yanayi. Shuke-shuke sau da yawa sun fi duhu ko haske fiye da ƙasa da ke ƙasa, don haka fiye ko ƙasa da zafin Rana ya makale a wuraren da ke da ciyayi.[5] Shuke-shuke suna da kyau wajen kama ruwa, wanda sai tushen sa ya ɗauka. Ba tare da ciyayi ba, wannan ruwa zai gudana zuwa koguna mafi kusa ko wasu ruwa. Ruwa da shuke-shuke suka ɗauka a maimakon haka yana narkewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga sake zagayowar ruwa.[8] Ruwan sama da zafin jiki suna tasiri ga rarraba yankuna daban-daban na ciyayi.[8] Karɓar carbon daga ruwan teku ta hanyar girma na ƙananan phytoplankton kusan kamar tsire-tsire na ƙasa daga yanayi.[12] Duk da yake mutane suna cikin ɓangaren biosphere, galibi ana bi da su a matsayin bangarori daban-daban na tsarin yanayi na Duniya, Anthroposphere, saboda babban tasirin ɗan adam a duniya.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ "Climate systems". climatechange.environment.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
- ↑ "Earth's climate system". World Ocean Review (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-10-13.
- ↑ Barry & Hall-McKim 2014; Goosse 2015.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Gettelman & Rood 2016.
- ↑ Kundzewicz 2008.
- ↑ "Vital Signs of the Plant: Ocean Heat Content". NASA. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Goosse 2015.
- ↑ Desonie 2008.
- ↑ Barry & Hall-McKim 2014.
- ↑ Haug & Keigwin 2004.
- ↑ Smil 2003.