'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya
 'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Damascus, 1460 |
| Harshen uwa | Larabci |
| Mutuwa | Damascus, 21 Disamba 1516 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Larabci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
literary (en)  , maiwaƙe da marubuci |
| Fafutuka | Sufiyya |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Musulunci |
ʿĀ'ishah bint Yūsuf al-Bāʿūniyyah ( عائشة بنت يوسف الباعونية , ta rasu a rana ta goma sha shida na Dhū al-Qa'dah, 922/1517) malamar Sufi ce kuma mawaki. Tana ɗaya daga cikin mata masu kishin Islama na tsaka -tsaki waɗanda suka rubuta ra'ayoyinsu a rubuce, [1] kuma "tabbas ta haɗa ayyuka da yawa cikin Larabci fiye da kowace mace kafin ƙarni na ashirin". [2] 'A cikin ta hazaƙan adabi da halayen Safiyya na iyalinta sun cika'. [3] An haife ta kuma ta mutu a Damascus .
Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mahaifinta Yūsuf (haifaffen Urushalima, 805/1402-ya mutu a Damascus, shekara ta 880/1475) ya kasance qadi a Safed, Tripoli, Aleppo, da Damascus, kuma memba ne na fitaccen dangin al-Bāʻūnī, wanda aka sani a cikin karni na sha biyar don malamai, mawaka da malaman fikihu. [3] Kamar mahaifinta Ā'ishah mahaifinta ne ya koyar da ita, tare da sauran 'yan uwa, karatun Alqur'ani, hadisi, fikihu, da waƙa, da kuma da'awarta, tun tana shekara takwas, Ā'ishah hafiza ce. (ta koyi Qur'ani da zuciya). [2]
A halin yanzu, manyan malaman Sufi su ne Jamāl al-Dīn Ismā'īl al-Ḥawwārī (fl. Ƙarshen ƙarni na tara/goma sha biyar) da magajinsa Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyá al-Urmawī (fl. wanda ta girmama sosai. [4] Wataƙila a cikin 1475, Ā'ishah ta yi aikin hajji a Makka. Ta auri Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Ibn Naqīb al-Ashrāf (d. 909/1503), daga fitaccen 'dangin Alid na Dimashƙu, su ma sun shahara da ilimin su; ta lissafin 'Ā'ishah, Amad ya fito ne daga' yar Mu'ammad Fa'imah da mijinta 'Ali, ta hanyar ɗansu al-aynusayn. 'Ā'ishah da Ahmad sun haifi' ya'ya biyu da aka sani, ɗa, Abd al-Wahhāb (b. 897/1489), da 'yarsa Barakah (b. 899/1491). [1]
Karatu a Alkahira da mutuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin shekara ta 919/1513, 'Ā'ishah da ɗanta sun ƙaura daga Damascus zuwa Alkahira, sun dawo Damascus a shekara ta 923/1517. Manufar Ā'ishah ita ce ta tabbatar da aikin ɗanta. [4] A kan hanya, bandan fashi sun kai wa ayarinsu hari kusa da Bilbeis, waɗanda suka sace dukiyoyinsu, gami da rubuce -rubucen Ā'ishah. Ya bayyana cewa a Alkahira, Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad ibn Ajā ne ya karɓi baƙuncin ta da ɗanta (b. 854/1450, d. 925/1519), wanda ya kasance sakatare na sirri kuma ministan harkokin waje ga sarkin Mamluk al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri (d. 922/1516). Ibn Ajā ya taimaka wa Abd al-Wahhāb ya sami aiki a cikin kantin kayan abinci kuma ya taimaka wa Ā'ishah ta shiga cikin da'irar hankali ta Alkahira; [1] 'Ā'ishah ta ci gaba da rubuta masa' ƙalubale masu yawan haske '. [4]
A Alkahira, 'Ā'ishah ta karanci shari'a kuma an ba ta lasisin yin karatu a shari'a da bayar da fatawa (ra'ayoyin shari'a); "ta sami karbuwa sosai a matsayinta na masanin shari'a". [5]
'Ā'ishah ta bar Alkahira a shekara ta 922/1516, tare da ɗanta da Ibn Ajā, tare da al-Badr al-Suyūfī (c. 850-925/1446–1519), al-Shams al-Safīrī (877-956/1472) –1549), da wasu sanannun masana, an ba su masu sauraro tare da Sultan Qansuh al-Ghawri a Aleppo jim kaɗan kafin shan kashi a Yaƙin Marj Dabiq : 'wani abin al'ajabi wanda ya dace da rayuwar ta ta musamman'. [4] Daga nan ʻĀ'ishah ta koma Damascus, inda ta rasu a 923/1517. [1]
ʻĀ'ishah "ta gaji 'yancin kai na tunani da hangen nesa wanda ake gani a cikin kawancen ta tare da mutanen zamanin ta daidai gwargwado". Don haka ta kasance abokiyar Abu 'al-Thanā' Maḥmūd b. Ajā, wanda shine ṣāḥib dawāwīn al-inshāʼ na zamanin Mamluk, kuma yayi daidai, a cikin aya, tare da masanin Masar 'Abd al-Raḥmān al-'Abbāsī (b. 867/1463, d. 963/1557). [3] 'Ya bayyana a bayyane daga tarihin Ā'ishah da kuma daga tsokacin da ta yi a rubuce -rubucen ta cewa an ɗauke ta a matsayin mace mai ibada kuma shugabar Sufi.' ' [4]
Ayyuka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Jerin ayyukan[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cewar Th. Emil Homerin, tarihin aikin ʿĀ'ishah har yanzu ba a san shi ba, kuma tabbas mafi yawa sun ɓace, amma sanannun ayyukan ʿĀ'ishah sune kamar haka: [2]
- Dīwān al-Bā'ūniyyah (tarin waƙoƙi)
- Durar al-ghā'iṣ fī baḥr al-Mu'jizāt wa 'l-kha-ṣā'iṣ
- al-Fatḥ al-ḥaqqī min fayḥ al-talaqqī (Inspiration na Gaskiya, daga Ƙamshin Turaren Ilmin Asiri ') (batacce)
- al-Fatḥ al-mubīn fī madḥ al-amīn
- al-Fatḥ al-qarīb fī mi'rāq al-ḥabīb .
- Fayil al-faḍl wa-jam 'al-shaml
- Fayḍ al-wafā fī asmā 'al-muṣṭafā
- al-Ishārāt al-khafiyyah fī 'l-Manāzi al-'aliyyah (Alamun Boye, akan "Maɗaukaka Tashoshi") (batattu)
- Madad al-wadūd fī mawlid al-maḥmūd (Taimakon Allah Mai Ƙauna, a Haihuwar Annabi Mai Godiya) (batacce)
- al-Malāmiḥ al-sharīfah min al-āthār al-laṭīfah (Manyan Siffofin, akan Rahoto Mai Kyau) (batattu)
- al-Mawrid al-ahnā fī 'mawlid al-asnā
- al-Munktakhab fī uṣūl al-rutab (Zaɓuɓɓuka akan Asusun Tashoshi)
- al-Qawl al-ṣaḥīḥ fī takhmīs Burdat al-madīḥ (Amintattun Kalmomi, a kan Quintains na "Mantle of Eulogy")
- Salatul-salām fī faḍl al-salal wa 'salām (Kyaututtukan Salama, akan Albarka da Sallama) (batattu)
- Tashrīf al-fikr fī naẓm fawā'id al-zikr
- al-Zubdah fī takhmīs al-Burdah (The Fresh Cream Quintain of "The Mantle") (batacce)
Baya ga waɗannan, ʿĀ'ishah ta daidaita da wasu matani. Homerin ya kuma buga wasu daga cikin fassarar ayyukan ʿĀ'ishah zuwa Turanci:
- Th. Emil Homerin, 'Soyayyar Rayuwa: Rubutun Asiri na ʿĀ'ishah al-Bāʿūniyyah (d. 922/1516)', Binciken Nazarin Mamluk, 7 (2003), 211-34
al-Fatḥ al-mubīn fī madḥ al-amīn[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mafi shaharar aikin ʿĀ'ishah ita ce al-Fatḥ al-mubīn fī madḥ al-amīn (bayyananniyar wahayi, kan Yabo ga Amintaccen), Bad'i'iyya mai ayoyi 130 (wani tsari da aka tsara don misalta mugun magana ko na'urorin magana a cikin waƙar waka, tare da kowace aya tana nuna wata na’ura) don yabon annabin musulunci Muhammad. Yin ishara ga kusan mawaƙa hamsin da suka gabata, aikin yana jaddada faɗin karatun ʿĀ'ishah. [2] Wannan rubutu 'babu shakka' ya yi wahayi zuwa ga Nasamāt al-Azhār na Abd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī ; marubutan biyu sun yi rakiyar nasu badiya'i tare da sharhi. [3]
Fayḍ al-faḍl wa-jam 'al-shaml[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Fayḍ al-faḍl wa-jam 'al-shaml (The Emanation of Grace and the Gathering of the Union) tarin tarin waƙoƙi sama da 300 a ciki inda ʿĀ'ishah' ta bayyana jihohin sihiri tare da yabawa daban-daban Muhammad, wanda ya kafa umarninta. 'Abd al-Qadir Jilani, da shaihunnan Sufi nata. Ta yi amfani da kalmomin kalmomin Sufi na fasaha da abubuwan da aka saba amfani da sufi kamar su ruwan inabi da ƙauna a cikin waƙoƙin ta '. Da alama sun yi zamani tun daga rayuwar ʿĀ'ishah har zuwa lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa Alkahira, kuma sun nuna umurnin ta kusan dukkan nau'ikan waƙoƙin Larabci na lokacin. [2]
Bugawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- al-Mawrid al-ahnā fī 'mawlid al-asnā da al-Fatḥ al-mubīn fī madḥ al-amīn, a cikin ' Ā'ishah al-Bā'ūniyyah al-Dimashqiyyah, ed. F. al-'Alawī (Damascus: Dār Ma'add, 1994)
- Dīwān Fayḍ al-faḍl wa-jamʻ al-shaml, ed. by Mahdī Asʻad ʻArār (Bayrūt : Dār al-Kutub al-lIlmīyah, 2010).
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Homerin 2006.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Homerin 2009.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Khalidi, W. A. S. 'AL-BĀ'ŪNĪ', in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, new edn by H. A. R. Gibb and others (Leiden: Brill, 1960-2009), I 1109-10 (p. 1109).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Homerin 2003.
- ↑ Stewart, Devin J. 'Degrees, or Ijaza', in Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, ed. by Josef W. Meri, 2 vols (New York: Routledge, 2006), I 201-204 (p. 203), citing Najm al-Gazzi, al-Matba'ah al-Amirikaniyah, 1945-58, pp. 287-92.