Claude Monet
Claude Monet (14 Nuwamban 1840 zuwa 5 Disemban 1926) mai zane ne na kasar Faransa kuma wand aya kirkiro zanen impressionism, wanda ake gani a matsayin jigo na zanukan zamani, musamman yanda yake kokarin zanen yanayi a yanda ya fahimce shi.[1] A zamanin ayyukansa masu dogon tarihi, shine mafi shahara da kwarewa a salo zanen impressionism - wato falsafar zane ta hanyar fahimtar shi mai zanen ga wuri ko yanayi musamman zanen sarari (waje) da kuma yanayi kasa wato landscape.[2] Kalmar "Impressionism" wato ra'ayin mai zane, ya samo asali ne daga zanensa mai suna Impression, Sunrise wanda aka gabatar a 1874 a wajen taron baje koli na Salon.
Monet ya girma ne a garin Le Havre, Normandy, kuma ya fara sha'awar zanen waje tun daga kananun shekarunsa. Duk da cewa mahaifiyarsa Louise-Justine Aubrée Monet ta mara masa baya don cika burinsa na zama mai zane, mahifaisa kuwa wato Claude-Adolphe bai amince da hakan ba inda yake so ya zama dan kasuwa. Yana da kyakyawar alaka da mahaifiyarsa sai dai ta mutu ne a cikin watan Junairun 1857, a lokacin yana da shekaru goma sha shida a duniya, sannan aka turashi don yayi rayuwa a karkashin kulawar goggonsa attajira wacce bata taba haihuwa ba, Marie-Jeanne Lecadre. Daga nan ya zarce don yin karatu a jamiar Académie Suisse, kuma yayi karatu a karkashin shahararren masanin tarihin zane Charles Gleyre, kuma ya zamo abokin karatu ga Auguste Renoir. Ayyukansa na farko-farko sun hada da yanayin kasa, sassan teku, da zanen mutane wanda amma basu samu karbuwa ba da farko. Wani muhimmin mutum a rayuwar sana'arsa shine Eugène Boudin wanda ya koya masa salon zanen yanayi. Tun daga 1883, Monet ya cigaba da rayuwa a garin Giverny, wanda ke arewacin Faransa, inda ya siya gida da kuma fili kuma ya fara manyan ayyukan zanen filaye wanda suka hada da zanen korama na water-lily.
Burin Monet na ajiye kundin zanen yankunan Faransa ya kawo wani sabon salo na zane wanda ke daukar lokutan yini daban daban da kuma wucewar yanayi. Daga cikin wadannan zanuka na musamman da sukayi fice sun hada da zanen haystacks (1890–91), zanen Rouen Cathedral(1894), da kuma zanensa na Water lillies wanda ya kwashe tsawon shekaru ashiri yana yi.
Monet ya kara shahara da fice a cikin karni na 20, lokacin da ya zamo daya daga cikin muhimman masu zane na duniya kuma abun kwaikwayo ga sauran kungiyoyin masu zane da ke tasowa.
Tarihin Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Haihuwarsa da yarintarsa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Claude Monet a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamban 1840, a bene na biyar a gida mai lamba 45 da ke rue Laffitte, na garin 9th arrondissement of Paris.[3] Shine ɗa na biyu ga mahaifansa Claude Adolphe Monet da kuma Louise Justine Aubrée Monet, dukkansu daga tsatso na biyu na mutanen Parisa. A ranar 20 ga watan Mayun 1841 ne aka masa baptiza a cocin Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, a matsayin Oscar-Claude, amma iyayensa na kiransa a saukake da Oscar.[4][5] Duk da cewa anyi masa baptiza, Monet daga bisani ya koma mara addini.[6][7]
Acikin shekara ta 1845, danginsa sun koma garin Le Havre da ke Normandie. Mahaifinsa, babban dan kasuwa yana so Monet ya shiga kasuwancin shigowa da kayayyaki don kasuwanci.[8][9] Mahaifiyarsa kuwa ta kasance mawakiya ce, saboda haka ta goyo bayanshi a wajen cigaba da sana'ar zane.[10]
A ranar 1 ga watan Aprelunl 1851, ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta fasaha ta Le Havre.[11] Ya kasance dalibi mai kwazo, bayan nuna kwarewarsa a zane, ya kasance yana yi wa abokansa da zane don samun kudi.[12] Yayi darasinsa na farko a wajen Jacques-François Ochard, tsohon dalibin Jacques-Louis David.[12] Acikin shekara ta Eugène Boudin, ya hadu da Eugène Boudin, wanda daga bisani ya karawa Monet karfin gwiwar fadada fasaharsa, kuma ya koya masa zanen waje (En plein air), kuma ya rik daukarsa don ziyarar wuraren zane.[13][14] Monet ya dauki Boudin a matsayin malaminsa, "wanda ya gama masa komai" dangane da daukakar da ya samu daga baya.[15]
Mahaifiyarsa ta rasu a cikin shekarar 1857.[16] Ya cigaba da rayuwa da mahaifinsa inda daga baya goggonsa, Marie-Jeanne Lecadre; Lecadre ta cigaba da rike shi.[14][16]
Paris da Aljeriya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Auricchio 2004.
- ↑ House, John, et al.: Monet in the 20th century, page 2, Yale University Press, 1998.
- ↑ P. Tucker Claude Monet: Life and Art, p. 5
- ↑ P. Tucker Claude Monet: Life and Art, p. 5
- ↑ Patin, Sylvie. "Monet: un œil... mais, bon Dieu, quel œil!" Découvertes Gallimard, Number 131, série Arts. p. 14
- ↑ Levine 1994, chapter 6.
- ↑ Butler 2008, p. 202.
- ↑ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1 January 1974. p. 347. ISBN 978-0-85229-290-7.
- ↑ Tinterow & Loyrette 1994, pp. 417.
- ↑ "Claude Monet Biography". biography.com. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- ↑ Arnold, Matthias (2005). Claude Monet. London: H Books. p. 3. ISBN 9781904950004.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Fourny-Dargère, Sophie, and Claude Monet (1992). Monet. New York: Konecky and Konecky. p. 30. ISBN 9781568522487.
- ↑ Oxford Art (31 October 2011). "Monet, Claude". Oxford Art Online. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00124536. ISBN 978-0-19-989991-3. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Greenberg, Susan D. (2001). "The Face of Impressionism in 1870: Claude Monet's "Camille on the Beach at Trouville"". Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin: 66–73. ISSN 0084-3539. JSTOR 40514596.
- ↑ Levine 1986, pp. 65–75.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Isaacon, Joel (2003). "Monet, (Oscar-)Claude". Oxford Art Online. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T059077. ISBN 9781884446054.