Gandun daji na Sudan

 

Yankin daji na Sudan ko kuma yankin Sudan wani yanki ne mai faffadan bel na savanna masu zafi da ke ratsa gabas da yamma a fadin nahiyar Afirka, Daga tsaunukan Habasha a gabas zuwa Tekun Atlantika a yamma. Yana wakiltar yankin tsakiya na tsakiya a cikin mafi girman yanayin yanayi na savanna biome na daular Afrotropical. Sahel acacia savanna, bel na ciyayi mafi bushewa, Ya ta'allaka ne zuwa arewa, wanda ya samar da yankin canji tsakanin savanna na Sudan da ciyawar hamadar Sahara. A kudancin Sudan, mafi ɗanɗano dajin-savanna mosaic ya samar da yankin canji tsakanin savanna na Sudan da dazuzzukan Guineo-Congolian da ke kusa da equator.

Magana

Sunan Sudan ya samo asali ne '{{lang|ar|بلاد السودان}}'' ({{transliteration|ar|bilād as-sūdān}})"},"3":{"wt":"Land of the [[Black people|Blacks]]"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwIQ" typeof="mw:Transclusion">daga بلاد السودان 'Ƙasar ', tana nufin Afirka a kudancin Sahel .

Yankin jiki

Daji na Sudan ɗaya ne daga cikin larduna uku daban-daban na babban yanki na Afirka. Physiography ya raba wannan lardi zuwa sassa uku daban-daban physiographic sassa, Niger Basin, Lake Chad Basin, da tsakiyar Nilu Basin.

Yankunan halittu

Asusun Duniya na Duniya ya raba yankin savanna na Sudan zuwa yankuna biyu, wanda Plateau Mandara ya raba:

• Savanna na Gabashin Sudan a Gabashi da Tsakiyar Afirka ya taso zuwa yamma daga yammacin rairayin bakin teku na Habasha zuwa tsaunin Mandara.
• Yammacin Sudan ta Yamma a Afirka ta Yamma ya taso ne daga Gabashin Najeriya zuwa Gabashin Yammacin Gambia.

Yanayin ƙasa

Yankin dai ya fi yawa tudu mai kwarin kogunan kogunan kogin Nilu da Chadi da Nijar. Ya shimfida sama da kilomita 5,000 (3,100 mi) a cikin rukuni mai nisan kilomita dari a fadin Afirka. Ya taso daga Tekun Atlantika a kasar Senegal, ta bi ta kudancin Mali (wanda aka fi sani da Sudan ta Faransa a lokacin da Faransa ta yi mulkin mallaka), Burkina Faso, kudancin Nijar, arewacin Ghana, arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Chadi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, kudancin Sudan da Sudan ta Kudu zuwa Sudan ta Kudu. Habasha Highlands.

Yanayi

Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara yana kewayo daga 23 zuwa 29 °C (73 zuwa 84 °F). Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a cikin watanni mafi sanyi yana sama da 20 °C (68 °F) kuma sama da 30 °C (86 °F) a cikin mafi zafi watanni. Yanayin zafi na yau da kullun yana canzawa zuwa 10-15 °C (50-59 °F). Damina mai rani na kawo ruwan sama daga ma'auni. Hazo na shekara-shekara daga 100-200 mm (3.9-7.9 in) a arewa zuwa 1,500–2,000 mm (59-79 in) a kudu. A lokacin rani na lokacin sanyi (Köppen Aw), Iskar Harmattan daga arewa maso gabas tana kawo iska mai zafi da bushewa daga Sahara.

Tsire-tsire

shuke-shuke na Dajin Sudan a Burkina Faso

Daji na Sudan tare da bunchgrass tufts na Andropogon gayanus, Pama Reserve, Burkina Faso.

Savanna na Sudan yana da yanayin zaman tare da bishiyoyi da ciyawa. Yawancin nau'ikan bishiyar galibi suna cikin Comretaceae da Caesalpinioideae; wasu nau'in Acacia ma suna da mahimmanci. Mafi rinjaye nau'in ciyawa yawanci Andropogoneae ne, musamman nau'in Andropogon da Hyparrhenia, akan ƙasa mara zurfi kuma Loudetia da Aristida. Yawancin yankin savanna na Sudan ana amfani da su ne ta hanyar wuraren shakatawa, inda itatuwa masu amfani, irin su shea, baobab, bishiyar fara-wake da sauran su ba sa yankewa, yayin da ake Noma, Dawa, Masara, Gero ko sauran amfanin gona a ƙasa.

Dabbobi

Ya wancin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa 'yan asalin ƙasar Sudan ne, ciki har da giwar daji na Afirka (Loxodonta africana), giraffe na arewa ( Giraffa camelopardalis ), giant eland ( Taurotragus Derbyanus derbianus ), roan antelope ( Hippotragus equinus ), baffalo na Afirka ( Syncerus caffer brachyceros ), zaki . (Panthera leo), damisa (Panthera pardus) cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), da kare daji na Afirka (Licaon pictus) da sauran su. Yawancin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a yanzu suna da iyaka da iyaka da lambobi.

Amfani da ƙasa

Makiyaya da manoma suna amfani da savanna ta Sudan. Shanu galibi ana kiwon dabbobi ne, amma a wasu wuraren kuma ana kiwon tumaki da awaki. Babban amfanin gona da ake nomawa shine dawa da gero wadanda suka dace da karancin ruwan sama. Tare da karuwar fari tun daga shekarun 1970, makiyaya na bukatar matsawa kudu su nemo wuraren kiwo kuma sun yi rikici da manoma da dama.

Tarihi

A cewar wasu masana tarihi na zamani, daga dukkan yankuna na Afirka, yammacin Sudan "shi ne wanda ya sami ci gaba mafi tsawo a fannin noma, kasuwanni da cinikayya mai nisa, da tsarin siyasa masu rikitarwa." Har ila yau, shi ne yanki na farko "kudancin Sahara inda Musuluncin Afirka ya samo asali kuma ya yi fure."

Zamanin Tsakiya

Tarihinsa na daular yana da alamar cinikin ayari. Sarakunan gabashin Sudan sun hada da Darfur, Bagirmi, Sennar da Wadai. A tsakiyar Sudan, daular Kanem–Bornu da Masarautar Hausa. A yamma akwai Wagadou, Manden, Songhay da Mossi. Daga baya mutanen Fula sun bazu zuwa wani yanki mai fadi. A lokacin mulkin mallaka na Turawa, an samar da Sudan ta Faransa da Sudan Anglo-Masar a yankunan da a yanzu suka zama jihohin Mali, da Sudan da Sudan ta Kudu, bi da bi.

Cinikin bayi

A farkon karni na farko, an yi amfani da mutane da yawa daga Sudan a matsayin "tsayayyen tururi na bayi ga duniyar Bahar Rum" a cikin cinikin bayi na Sahara. Da zuwan Portuguese a karni na goma sha biyar, "an jagoranci mutane zuwa cinikin bayi na Atlantic," wanda ya kai fiye da shekaru dubu don Sahara da kuma karni hudu don kasuwancin Atlantic. A sakamakon haka, bautar ya yi tasiri sosai ga cibiyoyi da tsarin Sudan. Turawan Portugal sun fara isa Senegambia kuma sun gano cewa bautar ta kasance "kafa sosai" a yankin, ana amfani da ita don "ciyar da kotunan sarakunan bakin teku kamar yadda ake amfani da shi a cikin daulolin da suka gabata na cikin gida." Tsakanin tsarin kamawa, bautar, da "shiga cikin sabuwar al'umma, bawa ba shi da wani hakki ko wata al'umma." A sakamakon haka, ainihin mutanen da aka bautar "sun fito ne daga zama memba a cikin ƙungiyar kamfanoni, yawanci bisa dangi."

Sabon zamani

A lokacin mulkin mallaka na Turawa, an halicci Sudan ta Faransa a yankin da zai zama Mali kuma an kafa Sudan Anglo-Masar a cikin abin da zai zama kasashen Sudan da Sudan ta Kudu na yanzu.

Dubi kuma

• Neolithic Subpluvial - tsohuwar Green SaharaTsohon Green Sahara
• Yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara
• Yahudawa na Bilad el-Sudan