George V
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George V (an haifeshi ranar 3 ga watan Yuni 1865 - 20 Janairu 1936) shi ne Sarkin Burtaniya da Masarautar Burtaniya, kuma Sarkin Indiya, daga 6 ga watan Mayu 1910 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1936.
Tarihin rayuwar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haife shi a lokacin mulkin Kakarsa Sarauniya Victoria, George shine ɗa na biyu na Albert Edward, Yariman Wales, kuma shine na uku a jerin magajin masarautar Burtaniya a bayan mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa, Prince Albert Victor . Daga shekarar 1877 zuwa shekarar 1892, George ya yi aiki a cikin Royal Navy, har zuwa mutuwar ɗan'uwansa ba zato ba tsammani a farkon 1892 ya sa shi kai tsaye a kan gadon sarauta. George ya auri budurwar ɗan'uwansa, Gimbiya Victoria Mary of Teck, a shekara mai zuwa, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya shida. Bayan mutuwar Sarauniya Victoria a shekarar 1901, mahaifin George ya hau kan karagar mulki a matsayin Edward VII, kuma an halicci George Yariman Wales . Ya zama sarki-sarki a lokacin mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekarar 1910.
George ya sha fama da matsalolin lafiya da ke da alaƙa da shan taba a duk tsawon mulkinsa. Mutuwarsa ta faru ne a watan Janairu shekarar 1936, babban ɗansa, Edward VIII ya gaje shi. Edward ya yi murabus a watan Disamba na wannan shekarar kuma ƙanensa Albert, wanda ya ɗauki sunan sarauta George VI ya gaje shi.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi George a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni 1865, a Gidan Marlborough, London. Shi ne ɗa na biyu na Albert Edward, Yariman Wales, da Alexandra, Gimbiya Wales . Mahaifinsa shine ɗan fari ga Sarauniya Victoria da Yarima Albert, kuma mahaifiyarsa ita ce babbar 'yar Sarki Christian IX da Sarauniya Louise ta Denmark . An yi masa baftisma a Windsor Castle a ranar 7 ga Yuli 1865 ta Archbishop na Canterbury, Charles Longley . [lower-alpha 1]
A matsayin ɗan ƙarami na Yariman Kasar Wales, ba a yi tsammanin George zai zama sarki ba. Ya kasance na uku a kan karagar mulki, bayan mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan'uwansa, Prince Albert Victor. George yana da shekaru 17 kawai watanni kasa da Albert Victor, kuma sarakunan biyu sun sami ilimi tare. An nada John Neale Dalton a matsayin mai koyarwa a 1871. Albert Victor ko George ba su yi fice a hankali ba. [2] Kamar yadda mahaifinsu yayi tunanin cewa sojojin ruwa shine "mafi kyawun horo ga kowane yaro", [3] a cikin Satumba 1877, lokacin George yana ɗan shekara 12. shekaru, 'yan'uwa biyu sun shiga jirgin HMS <i id="mwVA">Britannia</i> na horo a Dartmouth, Devon . [4]
Shekaru uku daga shekarar 1879, sarakunan sun yi hidima a HMS Bacchante, tare da Dalton. Sun zagaya yankunan daular Biritaniya a cikin Caribbean, Afirka ta Kudu da Kasar Ostiraliya, kuma sun ziyarci Norfolk, Virginia, da Kudancin Amurka, Bahar Rum, Masar, da Gabashin Asiya. A shekarar 1881 a ziyarar da ya kai Japan, George yana da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na gida tattoo blue da ja dragon a hannunsa, [5] kuma Sarkin sarakuna Meiji ya karɓe shi a cikin masu sauraro; George da ɗan’uwansa sun ba Empress Haruko da wallabies biyu daga Ostiraliya. Dalton ya rubuta labarin tafiyarsu mai suna The Cruise of HMS Bacchante . [6] Tsakanin Melbourne da Sydney, Dalton ya rubuta wani gani na Flying Dutchman, wani jirgin ruwa na almara. [7] Lokacin da suka koma Biritaniya, Sarauniyar ta yi korafin cewa jikokinta ba za su iya magana da Faransanci ko Jamusanci ba, don haka suka shafe watanni shida a Lausanne a wani yunƙuri na koyon wani yare da bai yi nasara ba. [8] Bayan Lausanne, ’yan’uwa sun rabu; Albert Victor ya halarci Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge, yayin da George ya ci gaba a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa . Ya zagaya duniya, inda ya ziyarci yankuna da dama na Daular Burtaniya. A lokacin aikinsa na sojan ruwa ya umarci Torpedo Boat 79 a cikin ruwa na gida, sannan HMS Thrush akan Arewacin Amurka da Tashar Indies ta Yamma . Sabis ɗin aikinsa na ƙarshe shine umarnin HMS <i id="mweQ">Melampus</i> a shekarar 1891-1892. Tun daga nan, matsayinsa na sojan ruwa ya kasance mai daraja sosai. [9]
Aure[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A matsayin saurayi da aka ƙaddara don yin hidima a sojan ruwa, Yarima George ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a ƙarƙashin umarnin kawunsa Prince Alfred, Duke na Edinburgh, wanda ke zaune a Malta . A can baya, ya girma kusa kuma ya ƙaunaci ɗan uwansa Gimbiya Marie na Edinburgh . Kakarsa, mahaifinsa da kawu duk sun amince da wasan, amma mahaifiyarsa da mahaifiyar Marie sun yi adawa da shi. Gimbiya Wales ta yi tunanin dangin sun kasance masu goyon bayan Jamusawa, kuma Duchess na Edinburgh ba ya son Ingila. Duchess, 'yar Alexander II na Rasha, ta ji haushin gaskiyar cewa, a matsayinta na matar wani ƙaramin ɗan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, dole ne ta ba da fifiko ga mahaifiyar George, Gimbiya Wales, wanda mahaifinsa ya kasance ɗan ƙaramin Jamus. Yarima kafin a kira shi ba zato ba tsammani a kan karagar Denmark. Mahaifiyarta ta jagorance ta, Marie ta ƙi George lokacin da ya nemi ta. Ta auri Ferdinand, sarkin Romania na gaba, a shekarar 1893. [10]
A watan Nuwamba shekaran 1891, ɗan'uwan George, Albert Victor, ya shiga cikin ɗan uwansa na biyu da zarar an cire Gimbiya Victoria Mary na Teck, wanda aka sani da "Mayu" a cikin iyali. [11] Iyayenta su ne Francis, Duke na Teck (wani memba na morganatic, reshen cadet na House of Württemberg ), da Gimbiya Mary Adelaide ta Cambridge, jikanyar George III da ɗan uwan farko na Sarauniya Victoria. [12]
Duke of York[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mutuwar ƙanensa ta kawo ƙarshen aikin sojan ruwa na George, domin a yanzu shi ne na biyu a kan karagar mulki, bayan mahaifinsa. An kirkiri gunkn George Duke na York, Earl of Inverness, da Baron Killarney ta Sarauniya Victoria a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu 1892, [13] kuma ya sami darussa a tarihin tsarin mulki daga JR Tanner . [14]
Duke da Duchess na York suna da 'ya'ya maza biyar da mace guda . Randolph Churchill ya yi iƙirarin cewa George babban uba ne, har ’ya’yansa suna firgita da shi, kuma George ya faɗa wa Earl na Derby : “Mahaifina ya tsoratar da mahaifiyarsa, na tsorata mahaifina, ni kuma na ji tsoro. Ni wallahi zan ga yarana sun tsorata dani." A hakikanin gaskiya, babu wata madogara ta kai tsaye ga zancen kuma mai yiyuwa ne salon tarbiyyar George bai bambanta da wanda yawancin mutane suka dauka a lokacin ba. [15] Ko abin ya kasance ko a'a, 'ya'yansa sun yi fushi da halinsa mai tsanani, dansa Yarima Henry ya kai ga kwatanta shi a matsayin "mummunan uba" a shekarun baya. [16]
A watan Oktoba shekara ta 1894, kawun mahaifiyar George, Alexander III na Rasha, ya mutu. A bukatar mahaifinsa, "saboda girmamawa ga matalauta masoyi Uncle Sasha ta memory", George ya shiga iyayensa a Saint Petersburg don jana'izar. [17] Shi da iyayensa sun kasance a Rasha don bikin aure bayan mako guda na sabon Sarkin Rasha, dan uwansa na farko na mahaifiyarsa Nicholas II, zuwa daya daga cikin 'yan uwan farko na mahaifin George, Gimbiya Alix na Hesse da Rhine, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai yiwuwa. amarya ga babban wa George. [18]
Zama a matsayin Yariman Wales[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A matsayin Duke na York, George ya aiwatar da ayyuka iri-iri ga jama'a. A mutuwar Sarauniya Victoria a ranar 22 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1901, mahaifin George ya hau kan karagar mulki a matsayin Sarki Edward VII . [19] George ya gaji sunan Duke na Cornwall, kuma ga yawancin sauran wannan shekarar, an san shi da Duke na Cornwall da York. [20]
A shekarar 1901, Duke da Duchess sun zagaya daular Burtaniya . Ziyarar tasu ta hada da Gibraltar, Malta, Port Said, Aden, Ceylon, Singapore, Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Mauritius, Afirka ta Kudu, Kanada, da Colony na Newfoundland . Sakataren mulkin mallaka Joseph Chamberlain ne ya tsara wannan rangadin tare da goyon bayan Firayim Minista Lord Salisbury don ba da lada ga Masarautar don shiga cikin yakin Afirka ta Kudu na 1899-1902. George ya ba da dubunnan lambobin yabo na musamman na yakin Afirka ta Kudu ga sojojin mulkin mallaka. A Afirka ta Kudu, jam'iyyar sarauta ta gana da shugabannin jama'a, shugabannin Afirka, da fursunoni na Boer, kuma an tarbe su da kayan ado, kyaututtuka masu tsada, da wasan wuta. Duk da haka, ba duka mazauna yankin ne suka amsa wannan rangadin ba. Yawancin fararen fata na Cape Afrikan sun nuna rashin jin daɗi da nunawa da kuma kashe kuɗi, yakin ya raunana karfinsu don daidaita al'adun Afirkaner-Dutch tare da matsayinsu na Birtaniya. Masu suka a cikin jaridu na Turanci sun yi tir da tsadar da aka kashe a daidai lokacin da iyalai suka fuskanci wahala mai tsanani.
A Ostiraliya, George ya buɗe taron farko na Majalisar Dokokin Ostiraliya bayan ƙirƙirar Commonwealth of Australia . [21] A kasar New Zealand, ya yaba da kimar soja, jarumtaka, aminci, da biyayya ga aikin ‘yan New Zealand, kuma ziyarar ta bai wa New Zealand damar nuna ci gaban da ta samu, musamman wajen daukar matakan zamani na Birtaniyya a fannin sadarwa. da kuma masana'antun sarrafa kayayyaki. Babban manufar ita ce tallata sha'awar New Zealand ga 'yan yawon bude ido da kuma bakin haure, tare da guje wa labarai na karuwar tashin hankali na zamantakewa, ta hanyar mai da hankali ga 'yan jaridu na Birtaniya a kan ƙasar da 'yan kaɗan suka sani. A lokacin da ya koma Biritaniya, a cikin wani jawabi a Guildhall, London, George ya yi gargaɗi game da “ra’ayin da ya yi kama da ya mamaye ’yan’uwan [mu] da ke ƙetare teku, cewa Tsohuwar Ƙasar dole ne ta farka idan ta yi niyyar ci gaba da riƙe tsohon matsayinta na farko. -ta yi fice a cinikinta na mulkin mallaka da masu fafatawa a kasashen waje." [22]
A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1901, an halicci George Prince of Wales da Earl na Chester . Sarki Edward ya yi fatan shirya dansa don matsayinsa na sarki a nan gaba. Sabanin Edward da kansa, wanda Sarauniya Victoria ta cire shi da gangan daga harkokin jihar, mahaifinsa ya ba George damar samun dama ga takardun jihar. [23] Shi kuma George ya ba wa matarsa damar samun takardunsa, [24] yayin da yake daraja shawararta kuma ta kan taimaka wajen rubuta maganganun mijinta. [25] A matsayinsa na Yariman Wales, ya goyi bayan garambawul a horar da sojojin ruwa, gami da daliban da aka yi rajista a shekaru goma sha biyu da goma sha uku, kuma suna samun ilimi iri daya, komai ajin su da kuma ayyukan da aka ba su. An aiwatar da gyare-gyaren ta hannun Ubangiji na biyu (daga baya na farko) Sea Lord, Sir John Fisher .
Daga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1905 zuwa watan Maris 1906, George da May sun zagaya Birtaniya Indiya, inda ya ji kyama da wariyar launin fata kuma ya yi yakin neman shigar Indiyawa cikin gwamnatin kasar. [26] A yawon shakatawa da aka kusan nan da nan ya biyo bayan wani tafiya zuwa Spain domin bikin aure na Sarki Alfonso XIII zuwa Victoria Eugenie na Battenberg, a farko dan uwan George, a abin da amarya da ango kunkuntar kauce wa kisa . [lower-alpha 2] Mako guda bayan sun koma Biritaniya, George da Mayu sun yi tafiya zuwa Norway don nadin sarautar Sarki Haakon VII, ɗan uwan George kuma surukin George, da Sarauniya Maud, 'yar'uwar George. [27]
Mulki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A 6 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1910, Edward VII ya mutu, kuma George ya zama sarki. Ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa na sirri.
Siyasar kasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Nadin soja[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- 18 July 1900: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment)
- 1 January 1901: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Marine Forces
- 25 February 1901: Personal Naval Aide-de-Camp to the King
- 29 November 1901: Honorary Colonel of the 4th County of London Yeomanry Regiment (King's Colonials)
- 21 December 1901: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers
- 12 November 1902: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
- 8 March 1912: Colonel-in-Chief of the 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles
- 8 March 1912: Colonel-in-Chief of the 1st (Canterbury) Regiment[28]
- April 1917: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Flying Corps (Naval and Military Wings)
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ The Times (London), Saturday, 8 July 1865, p. 12.
- ↑ Clay, p. 39; Sinclair, pp. 46–47
- ↑ Sinclair, pp. 49–50
- ↑ Clay, p. 71; Rose, p. 7
- ↑ Rose, p. 13
- ↑ Rose, p. 14; Sinclair, p. 55
- ↑ Rose, p. 11
- ↑ Clay, p. 92; Rose, pp. 15–16
- ↑ Sinclair, p. 69
- ↑ Pope-Hennessy, pp. 250–251
- ↑ Rose, pp. 22–23
- ↑ Rose, p. 29
- ↑ Clay, p. 149
- ↑ Clay, p. 150; Rose, p. 35
- ↑ Rose, pp. 53–57; Sinclair, p. 93 ff
- ↑ Vickers, ch. 18
- ↑ Clay, p. 167
- ↑ Rose, pp. 22, 208–209
- ↑ Rose, p. 42
- ↑ Rose, pp. 44–45
- ↑ Rose, pp. 43–44
- ↑ Rose, p. 45
- ↑ Clay, p. 244; Rose, p. 52
- ↑ Rose, p. 289
- ↑ Sinclair, p. 107
- ↑ Rose, pp. 61–66
- ↑ Rose, pp. 67–68
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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