German language
| German language | |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | |
'Yan asalin magana |
harshen asali: 76,540,740 (2019) second language (en)  : 58,452,300 (2019)harshen asali: 105,000,000 (2012) second language (en) : 80,000,000 (2012) |
| |
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German alphabet (en) da Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-1 |
de |
| ISO 639-2 |
deu ger |
| ISO 639-3 |
deu |
| Glottolog |
stan1295[1] |
 | |
Jamusanci (Deutsch [dɔʏtʃ]) yare ne na Yammacin Jamus wanda akasari ana magana da shi a tsakiyar Turai. Shi ne yaren da aka fi magana da shi kuma na hukuma ko na hukuma a Jamus, Ostiriya, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, da lardin Italiya na Kudancin Tyrol. Har ila yau, yaren haɗin gwiwa ne na Luxembourg da Belgium, da kuma sanannen yaren ƙasa a Namibiya. A wajen Jamus, al'ummomin Jamusawa a Faransa kuma suna magana da shi (Bas-Rhin), Jamhuriyar Czech (Bohemia ta Arewa), Poland (Upper Silesia), Slovakia (Yankin Bratislava), da Hungary (Sopron).
Jamusanci ya fi kama da sauran harsuna a cikin reshen harshen Jamus ta Yamma, gami da Afirkaans, Dutch, Ingilishi, harsunan Frisian, Jafananci Low, Luxembourgish, Scots, da Yiddish. Hakanan yana ƙunshe da kamanceceniya a cikin ƙamus da wasu harsuna a cikin rukunin Arewacin Jamus, kamar Danish, Norwegian, da Swedish. Jamusanci shi ne yaren Jamus na biyu da ake magana da shi bayan Ingilishi, wanda kuma yaren Jamusanci ne.[2]
Jamusanci ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan harsunan duniya. Shi ne yaren asali da aka fi magana a cikin Tarayyar Turai. Har ila yau, ana koyar da Jamusanci a matsayin harshe na waje, musamman a nahiyar Turai, inda shi ne na uku da ake koyar da yaren waje (bayan Ingilishi da Faransanci), da kuma Amurka. Harshen ya yi tasiri a fagen fasaha, tiyoloji, kimiyya, da fasaha. Shi ne yaren kimiyya na biyu da aka fi amfani da shi kuma a cikin harsunan da aka fi amfani da su a gidajen yanar gizo. Kasashen da ke magana da Jamusanci sun kasance a matsayi na biyar a fannin buga sabbin litattafai duk shekara, inda kashi goma cikin goma na duk littattafan (ciki har da littattafan e-littattafai) na duniya ana buga su cikin Jamusanci.
Jamusanci harshe ne mai jujjuyawa, tare da shari'o'i huɗu don sunaye, karin magana, da sifofi {mai suna, zargi, genitive, dative}; jinsi uku (namiji, mace, tsaka tsaki); da lambobi biyu (masu ɗaya, jam'i). Yana da kalmomi masu ƙarfi da rauni. Yawancin ƙamus ɗin sa sun samo asali ne daga tsohuwar reshen Jamusanci na dangin harshen Indo-European, yayin da ƙaramin rabo ya samo asali daga Latin da Girkanci, tare da ƙananan kalmomi da aka aro daga Faransanci da Ingilishi na zamani.
Jamusanci harshe ne mai tarin yawa; daidaitattun bambance-bambancen guda uku sune Jamusanci, Austrian, da Swiss Standard High Jamusanci. Hakanan sananne ne saboda yawan yarukansa, tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da yawa da ke cikin Turai da sauran sassan duniya. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan da ba daidai ba sun zama an san su kuma gwamnatocin yanki ko na ƙasa sun sami kariya.
Tun daga shekara ta 2004, ana gudanar da tarurruka na ƙasashen Jamusanci kowace shekara tare da mahalarta shida: Jamus, Austria, Belgium, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, da Switzerland. [3]
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| Tasha mara murya </br> bin wasali |
Kalma-farko </br> tsayawa mara murya |
Tasha murya |
|---|---|---|
| /p/→/ff/ | /p/→/pf/ | /b/→/p/ |
| /t/→/ss/ | /t/→/ts/ | /d/→/t/ |
| /k/→/xx/ | /k/→/kx/ | /g/→/k/ |
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "German language". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ d’Lëtzebuerger Land - Beim Deutschen Bund in Eupen (02. September 2016)
- ↑ d’Lëtzebuerger Land - Beim Deutschen Bund in Eupen (02. September 2016)