Hamas

Hamas
Founded	10 Disamba 1987
Mai kafa gindi	Ahmed Yassin (en) , Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi (en) da Mahmoud al-Zahar (en)
Classification	Hamas
Sunan asali	حركة المقاومة الإسلامية

Hamas Ƙungiya ce mai, sarƙaƙƙiya a cikin rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu. Hamas, a taƙaice cikakken sunan shine Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyya" ko kuma Islamic Resistance Movement, ƙungiya ce ta Falasdinawa mai kokarin kare martabar Falasdinawa. An kafa shi a cikin, shekara ta alif 1987, a lokacin Intifada na farko (yunwar Falasdinu),kan mamayar Isra'ila, Hamas ta zama fitaccen dan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin hadadden rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu.

Tarihi

Don fahimtar Hamas, dole ne mu fara bincika tarihin da ta samo asali. Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu ya samo asali ne tun a karshen karni na,19 da farkon karni na 20 lokacin da Yahudawa 'yan ci rani suka fara isa kasar Falasdinu, a lokacin Daular Usmaniyya Rikicin ya tsananta ne da kafa kasar Isra'ila a shekara ta alif 1948, wanda ya haifar da guguwar kaura da korar Falasdinawa, wanda aka fi sani da Nakba ( bala'i). A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, wannan rikici ya rikide zuwa gwagwarmayar bangarori daban-daban kuma mai zurfi don neman yanki, 'yancin kai, da kuma asalin kasa.

Kafuwa

Hamas an kafa shi ne a tsakiyar Intifada ta farko, wani shahararren boren Palasdinawa na adawa da mulkin Isra'ila. yankunan da aka mamaye. Da farko, Hamas ta mayar da hankali kan samar da ayyukan jin kai da kuma samun karbuwa a tsakanin Falasdinawa saboda ayyukan agaji. Wadanda suka kafa ta, wadanda suka hada da Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, sun nemi hada karfi da karfe wajen yakar mamayar Isra’ila tare da sadaukar da kai ga ka’idojin Musulunci. Ƙirƙirar Hamas ta nuna gagarumin sauyi a fagen siyasar Falasɗinawa, yayin da ta ba da wani zaɓi ga Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Falasɗinawa (PLO) da Yasser Arafat ke jagoranta.Wings na siyasa da na soja: Hamas na aiki tare da manufar duality. Tana da reshen siyasa, wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da mulki da diflomasiyya, da kuma wani reshe mai dauke da makamai, wanda aka fi sani da Izzad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, mai alhakin ayyukan soji. Wannan tsari guda biyu ya baiwa Hamas damar shiga cikin juriya da makamai da kuma shiga harkokin siyasa.

Harkar Siyasa da na Soja

Hamas na aiki da manufa biyu. Tana da reshen siyasa, wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da mulki da diflomasiyya, da kuma wani reshe mai ɗauke da makamai, wanda aka fi sani da Izzad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, mai alhakin ayyukan soji. Wannan tsari guda biyu ya baiwa Hamas damar shiga cikin juriya da makamai da kuma shiga harkokin siyasa.

Matsayin Siyasa

Yunkurin siyasar Hamas ya zo ne ta hanyar zaɓen demokraɗiyya a shekara ta 2006, lokacin da ta sami rinjayen kujeru a Majalisar Dokokin Falasɗinu. Wannan nasara ta haifar da gagarumin kalubale ga shugabancin Palasdinawa na gargajiya karkashin jagorancin kungiyar Fatah ta PLO. Sai dai takun sakar siyasa tsakanin Hamas da Fatah ya haifar da rabuwar kai a yankunan Falasdinawa, inda Hamas ke iko da yankin Zirin Gaza, kuma Fatah ke rike da madafun iko a yammacin gabar kogin Jordan.

Saka Hamas a kungiyar ta'addanci

Amurka, Isra'ila, da Turai. Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta ayyana kungiyar Hamas a matsayin kungiyar ta’addanci saboda yadda take da hannu wajen cin zarafin fararen hula da suka hada da hare-haren kunar bakin wake da kuma hare-haren rokoki da aka kai kan garuruwan Isra’ila. Wannan ayyana ta dagula alakar kungiyar ta kasa da kasa da kuma damar shiga harkokin diflomasiyya.

Manufofi

Manufofin Hamas da aka bayyana sun hada da kafa kasar Falasdinu mai cin gashin kanta a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye, tare da gabashin Kudus a matsayin babban birninta. Ta yi watsi da halaccin kasar Isra'ila tare da yin kira ga 'yancin komawa ga 'yan gudun hijirar Falasdinu. Don cimma manufofinta, Hamas tana amfani da haɗin gwiwar gwagwarmayar siyasa, diflomasiyya, da juriya na makamai.

Rikici da Tsagaita wuta

Hamas ta shiga cikin rikice-rikice da yawa tare da Isra'ila, musamman a shekarar 2008-2009, 2012, da 2014, wanda ya haifar da hasarar rayuka a duka biyun. bangarorin. Wadannan rikice-rikice na faruwa sau da yawa saboda dalilai kamar hare-haren rokoki daga Gaza ko ayyukan sojojin Isra'ila. Tsagaita bude wuta na lokaci-lokaci da kokarin shiga tsakani, wanda Masar da masu ruwa da tsaki na kasa da kasa suka dauki nauyi suka yi, sun rage tashin hankali na wani dan lokaci amma ba su kai ga warware rikicin ba.

Halin Jin kai a Gaza

Zirin Gaza da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Hamas, ya fuskanci kalubalen jin kai da suka hada da matsalar tattalin arziki, rashin isassun hanyoyin kiwon lafiya da ilimi, da hana zirga-zirgar mutane da kayayyaki. Ci gaba da kulle-kullen da Isra'ila ta yi, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Masar, ya ta'azzara wahalhalun, wanda ke haifar da mummunan yanayin rayuwa ga Gazan.

Jujjuyawar yaƙe-yaƙe

Dangantakar Hamas da sauran masu fafutuka na yankin ta samo asali a tsawon lokaci. Yayin da ta samu goyon baya daga kasashe irin su Iran, Qatar, da Turkiyya, kawancen nata ya koma mayar da martani ga sauyin yanayin yankin. Hamas ta kuma fuskanci kalubale, kamar tabarbarewar dangantakarta da Siriya sakamakon yakin basasar kasar Siriya.

Shirye-shiryen Diflomasiya

Kokarin kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya mai dorewa tsakanin Isra'ila da Falasdinu an shafe shekaru da dama ana ci gaba da yi, wanda ya kunshi bangarori daban-daban na kasa da kasa, ciki har da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Amurka, Tarayyar Turai, da kasashen Larabawa makwabta. Shigar da Hamas ta yi a cikin wannan yunkurin na diflomasiyya ya kasance wani batu mai cike da cece-kuce, domin sau da yawa ba a cire shi saboda ayyana ta ta'addanci.

Kalubale da Al'amura

Matsayin Hamas a rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu ya kasance wani al'amari mai sarkakiya mai sarkakiya. Yayin da wasu ke kallonta a matsayin halastacciyar kungiyar gwagwarmaya mai fafutukar kare hakkin Falasdinu, wasu kuma na Allah wadai da ita saboda amfani da tashin hankali da kuma kin amincewa da kasar Isra'ila. Kalubalen cimma matsaya mai ɗorewa kan rikicin suna da yawa kuma sun haɗa da rarrabuwar kawuna na siyasa, rigingimun yanki, da kuma labaran tarihi masu gasa.

2006 zaben shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisa

Hamas ta kauracewa babban zaben Falasdinawa na shekarar 1996, da zaben shugaban kasar Falasdinu na shekarar 2005, amma ta yanke shawarar shiga zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin Falasdinu a shekara ta 2006, wanda shi ne na farko da ya gudana bayan rasuwar Yassir Arafat. EU ta yi fice a cikin shawarar cewa za a gudanar da zaben dimokuradiyya a yankunan. A dai dai lokacin da ake shirin gudanar da zaben, Condoleezza Rice ta gwamnatin Amurka, da Tzipi Livni ta Isra'ila da kuma firaministan Birtaniya Tony Blair, duk sun bayyana ra'ayinsu dangane da kyale Hamas ta yi takara a tsarin dimokuradiyya. Hamas ta yi gudu a kan wani tsarin gwamnati mai tsafta, da yin garambawul ga tsarin tafiyar da almubazzaranci, da kuma batun rashin bin doka da oda. Jam'iyyar PA wadda ta yi kaurin suna da cin hanci da rashawa, ta zabi Marwan Barghouti a matsayin dan takararta na kan gaba, wanda ke zaman daurin rai da rai a Isra'ila. Amurka ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan biyu ga PA don inganta yanayin watsa labarai. Isra'ila ta kuma taimaka wa PA ta hanyar barin Barghouti ya yi hira da shi a gidan yari ta gidan talabijin na Larabawa da kuma barin Falasdinawa 100,000 a Gabashin Kudus su kada kuri'a.

Muhimmin zaben dai ya gudana ne jim kadan bayan da Isra'ila ta kwashe matsugunan ta a Gaza . Ficewar, wanda aka aiwatar ba tare da tuntubar Fatah ba, ya ba da kuɗi ga ra'ayin Hamas cewa tsayin daka ya tilasta Isra'ila barin Gaza. A cikin wata sanarwa da kungiyar Hamas ta fitar ta bayyana hakan a matsayin tabbatar da dabarunsu na tsayin daka da makami ("Shekaru hudu na tsayin daka ya zarce shekaru 10 na cinikin") kuma Muhammed Deif ya danganta "Yancin Gaza" ga 'yan uwansa "ƙaunar shahada"

Kungiyar Hamas dai da niyyar nuna karfinta ta hanyar amincewa ba wai ta hanyar tashin hankali ba, tana mai sanar da cewa za ta kauracewa kai hare-hare kan Isra'ila idan har Isra'ila ta daina kai hare-hare kan garuruwa da kauyukan Falasdinawa. Shirin nata na zaben ya yi watsi da tsarin Musulunci, ya yi magana game da ikon mallakar yankunan Falasdinawa, ciki har da Kudus (tabbatacciyar amincewa da samar da kasashe biyu), yayin da ba ta amince da komai ba game da ikirarinta ga dukkanin Falasdinu. Ya ambaci "juriya da makamai" sau biyu kuma ya tabbatar a cikin labarin 3.6 cewa hakki ne a tsayayya da "ta'addanci na mamaya". Wani Kirista Bafalasdine ya fito cikin jerin 'yan takara.

Hamas ta samu kujeru 76, ban da hudu da masu zaman kansu da ke goyon bayan Hamas suka samu, sai Fatah 43 kawai Masu sa ido na kasa da kasa sun yi la'akari da zaben da cewa ya kasance "mai gasa da dimokiradiyya na gaske". Kungiyar ta EU ta ce an gudanar da su fiye da yadda aka gudanar da zaben wasu kasashe mambobin kungiyar, kuma ta yi alkawarin ci gaba da bayar da tallafin kudi. Masar, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa sun bukaci Amurka da ta baiwa Hamas dama, kuma bai dace a hukunta Falasdinawa kan zabin da suka zaba ba, matsayin da kungiyar kasashen Larabawa ta amince da shi wata guda bayan haka. Alkawarin EU bai dade ba; Bayan watanni uku, ta keta ka'idojinta game da zaɓe na 'yanci, ba zato ba tsammani ta dakatar da tallafin kuɗi ga gwamnatin Hamas, ta bin misalin Amurka da Kanada. A maimakon haka ta dauki nauyin bayar da kudade kai tsaye ga mutane da ayyuka, da biyan albashi ga mambobin Fatah kawai, masu aiki ko akasin haka.

Hamas ta dauki nauyin gudanar da mulkin Gaza ne bayan nasarar zaben da ta yi, tare da kawo sauye-sauye. Ya gaji halin da ake ciki na rashin bin doka da oda, tun da takunkumin tattalin arziki da Isra'ila, Amurka da Quartet suka kakaba, sun gurgunta albarkatun gudanarwa na PA, wanda ya haifar da bullar ƙungiyoyin mafia da yawa da ƙungiyoyin ta'addanci waɗanda aka tsara bayan Al Qaeda . Da yake rubutu a cikin Harkokin Waje, Daniel Byman ya ce daga baya: