Iyakar Najeriya da Chadi

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Iyakar Najeriya da Chadi
border (en) Fassara, land boundary (en) Fassara da international border (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Bangare na borders of Chad (en) Fassara da borders of Nigeria (en) Fassara
Ƙasa Cadi da Najeriya
Applies to jurisdiction (en) Fassara Cadi da Najeriya
Wuri
Map
 13°47′N 14°53′E / 13.78°N 14.88°E / 13.78; 14.88
Taswirar iyakar Chadi da Najeriya

Yankin Chadi –Najeriya 85 ne kilomita (53 m) a tsayi kuma ya ƙunshi layi ɗaya mai layi wanda yake gudana NW zuwa SE daga ƙeta ɗaya tare da Niger a arewa zuwa kashi uku da Kamaru a kudu.

Bayani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wannan gajeriyar iyaka ta kunshi layi daya madaidaiciya wanda zai hada Chadi da abubuwan da ke faruwa a Najeriya da Nijar da Kamaru Duk kan iyakar ta kasance a gabaɗaya a Tafkin Chadi, duk da cewa an sami raguwar girman tafkin a cikin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata yawancin iyakar yanzu suna gudana ta ƙasa, dausayi da tsibirai da ke tsaka-tsakin cikin tafkin.

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yankin ya fara bayyana yayin Yaƙin Afirka, lokacin gasa mai ƙarfi tsakanin manyan ƙasashen Turai a ƙarshen karni na shekara ta 19 don yanki da tasiri a Afirka. Tsarin ya ƙare a taron Berlin na shekara ta 1884, wanda ƙasashen Turai da abin ya shafa suka amince da da'awar ƙasarsu da ƙa'idodin alkawalin ci gaba. A sakamakon wannan Faransa ta sami ikon mallakar babban kwarin Kogin Neja (wanda yayi daidai da yankunan Mali da Neja na zamani), da kuma ƙasashen da Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza ya bincika don Faransa a Afirka ta Tsakiya (wanda yayi daidai da Gabon ta zamani) da Congo-Brazzaville ). A halin yanzu, Birtaniyya, wacce (ta hanyar Kamfanin Royal Niger Company ) ta sarrafa yankin da ke kusa da Legas tun daga shekara ta 1861 da Kare Man Fetur ( Calabar sune yankin) tun daga shekara ta 1884, za su sami fifiko a yankunan da ke kudu da yankin Neja ta sama. A hankali daga ƙasashen biyu ƙasashe sun faɗaɗa mulkinsu a hankali zuwa cikin ciki. Daga baya Faransanci ya danganta abubuwan da suka mallaka bayan balaguro a cikin watan Afrilun shekara ta 1900 wanda suka hadu a Kousséri a can arewacin arewacin Kamaru ta zamani. Waɗannan yankuna da aka ci nasara an fara mulkin su a matsayin yankuna na soja, tare da kuma yankuna biyun daga baya aka tsara su zuwa cikin masarautun tarayyar Faransa ta Yammacin Afirka ( Afrique occidentale française, gajarta AOF) da Faransa Equatorial Africa ( Afrique équatoriale française, AEF). Hakanan Turawan Ingilishi sun tsawaita mulkinsu daga sansanoninsu na Legas da Calabar, inda suka samar da wasu yankuna biyu- Kudancin Najeriya da kuma Arewacin Najeriya . A cikin shekara ta 1900 aka mayar da mulkin waɗannan yankuna zuwa ga gwamnatin Burtaniya, tare da Arewa da Kudancin (gami da Lagos da Calabar) waɗanda ke da haɗin kai a matsayin mallakar Nijeriya a cikin shekara ta 1914. Yankin Chadi-Najeriya na zamani ya tashi ne a matsayin sakamako na biyu na sauran tattaunawar kan iyaka a yankin: Yarjejeniyar Angola da Jamusawa s a shekara ta 1893 da 1906-07 sun amince cewa iyakar tsakanin ƙasashen Burtaniya da ke mulkin mallaka da Kamaru ta Jamus za ta faɗaɗa Tafkin Chadi; Yarjeniyoyin Ingilishi da Faransa a shekara y 1898, 1904, 1906 da Kuma shekara ta 1910 sun fadada kan iyakar AOF da Arewacin Najeriya zuwa tafkin; da kuma yarjejeniyar kan iyaka tsakanin Faransa da Jamus a shekara ta 1908 suka fadada kan iyakar AEF da Kamaru zuwa tafkin. Bayan an fayyace abubuwan da za a tattauna guda biyu (Chadi-Nijer-Najeriya a shekara ta 1910-12 da Chadi-Kamaru-Najeriya a shekara ta 1931) iyakar ta zama madaidaiciya layin haɗa waɗannan maki biyu.[1][2][1][1][2][3][2][4][5][6][7][8][9]

A hankali Faransa ta ba da ƙarin haƙƙoƙin siyasa da wakilci ga yankunan da ke cikin tarayyar Afirka biyu, wanda hakan ya kai ga ba da ikon mallakar cikin gida ga kowane yanki a cikin 1958 a cikin tsarin Frenchungiyar Faransa . A ƙarshe, Chadi ta sami cikakken 'Yancin kai a watan Agustan shekara ta 1960, tare da Nijeriya ita ma ta ayyana 'Yancin kai a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1960, don haka iyakar ƙasarsu ta zama ta ƙasa da ƙasa tsakanin ƙasashe biyu masu cin gashin kansu. A wani taro na jihohin Tabkin Chadi da aka gudanar a N'Djamena a watan Disambar shekara ta 1962 an amince da girmama iyakokin da ke cikin tafkin. Tun daga wannan lokaci tafkin ya ragu sosai, kuma da yawa idan ba duk iyakar Chadi da Najeriya ba yanzu ta mamaye filaye, abinda ke haifar da matsaloli game da kula da kan iyaka da shatawa. A shekara ta 1983 takaddama tsakanin Chadi da Najeriya kan iyakar da ke tsakaninsu ta rikide zuwa fada, bayan da Najeriya ta tura sojoji zuwa yankin sakamakon yadda wasu ’yan kasar Chadi suka musguna wa masunta’ yan Najeriyar, lamarin da ya yi sanadin mutuwar ’yan Chadi 75 da kuma sojojin Najeriya tara. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan dubun-dubatar' yan gudun hijira sun tsallaka kan iyaka saboda ci gaba da rikicin Boko Haram a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Alakar Chadi da Najeriya

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IBS090
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Brownlie, I.
  3. ↑ Haine, Scott (2000). The History of France (1st ed.). Greenwood Press. p. 183. ISBN 0-313-30328-2.
  4. ↑ Damilola Oyedele (11 May 2017). "The dwindling lake". D+C, development and cooperation. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  5. ↑ "Border issues around Lake Chad cause concern". The New Humanitarian. 13 December 2002. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  6. ↑ Mario J. Azevedo; Samuel Decalo (2018). Historical Dictionary of Chad. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 380. ISBN 978-1-5381-1437-7.
  7. ↑ Michael Brecher; Jonathan Wilkenfeld (1997). A Study of Crisis. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 466. ISBN 978-1-5381-1437-7.
  8. ↑ "Thousands of Nigerian refugees seek safety in Chad". UNHCR. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  9. ↑ "IOM Assessment Team Finds Unaccompanied Child Returnees on Chad-Nigeria Border". IOM. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
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