Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta biyu

Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta biyu
Wuri
Babban birni	Abuja
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	923,768 km²
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	1 Oktoba 1979
Rushewa	31 Disamba 1983
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	West African Time Zone (en)

Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta biyu ta kasance takaitacciyar kafa kasar Najeriya wacce ta gaji gwamnatocin soja da aka kafa bayan hambarar da jamhuriya ta farko.

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Zaben da aka gwabza da rigingimun siyasa a yankin yammacin kasar ya kawo karshen jamhuriyar Najeriya ta farko a shekarar 1966 tare da hambarar da gwamnati da wasu manyan sojojin Najeriya suka kafa. Daga baya aka sanya tsarin mulkin bai ɗaya ya zama doka. Bayan juyin mulkin watanni shida. Bayan haka, kasar ta fada cikin yakin basasa tsakanin dakarun tarayya da na Biafra (yankin Gabas). Kafin yakin, an kirkiro sabbin jihohi 12 daga yankuna hudu. Bayan nasarar da sojojin gwamnatin tarayya suka samu a shekarar 1970, kasar ta fara wani yunkuri na bunkasar tattalin arziki sakamakon karuwar yawan man da ake hakowa da kuma hauhawar farashin mai. An kara wargaza tsarin mulkin Najeriya tare da samar da kananan jihohi a shekarar 1976, wanda ya kai adadin jihohi 19. ^[1]^[2]

Kafuwa (1979)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan kashe shugaban mulkin sojan Najeriya, Janar Murtala Mohammed a shekarar 1976, magajinsa Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya fara yunkurin kawo karshen mulkin soja a 1979. An tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulki, wanda ya ga tsarin gwamnati na Westminster (wanda aka yi amfani da shi a Jumhuriya ta farko ) don tsarin Shugabancin Amurka irin na Amurka. Kundin tsarin mulki na 1979 ya ba da umurni cewa jam'iyyun siyasa da mukaman majalisar zartaswa sun nuna "halayen tarayya" na kasa an bukaci jam'iyyun siyasa su yi rajista a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na jihohi, kuma an bukaci kowace jiha ta samar da aƙalla mamba ɗaya.

An zaɓi majalisar wakilai a shekara ta 1977 don tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulki, wanda aka buga a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1978, lokacin da aka ɗage dokar hana ayyukan siyasa. A shekarar 1979, jam’iyyun siyasa biyar suka fafata a wasu zabuka inda aka zabi Alhaji Shehu Shagari na jam’iyyar NPN a matsayin shugaban kasa. Obasanjo ya mika mulki ga Shagari cikin lumana, inda ya zama shugaban kasa na farko a tarihin Najeriya da ya sauka daga kan mulki. Dukkan jam'iyyu biyar sun samu wakilci a majalisar dokokin kasar. A watan Agustan 1983 aka mayar da Shagari da NPN kan karagar mulki da gagarumin rinjaye, inda suka samu rinjayen kujeru a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa tare da kula da gwamnatocin jihohi 12. Sai dai zaben ya fuskanci tashe-tashen hankula da kuma zargin tafka magudin zabe da kuma magudin zabe ya haifar da takaddamar shari'a kan sakamakon. ^[3] A zaben 1979 da aka sa ido a kai, an zabi Alhaji Shehu Shagari a jam’iyyar NPN. A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, 1979, aka rantsar da Shehu Shagari a matsayin shugaban kasa na farko kuma babban kwamandan Tarayyar Najeriya. Sojoji sun tsara komawa kan mulkin farar hula a hankali suna sanya matakan tabbatar da cewa jam'iyyun siyasa sun sami goyon baya fiye da yadda aka gani a jamhuriya ta farko. Amma kuma akwai rashin tabbas, kamar jamhuriya ta farko, shugabannin siyasa na iya kasa yin mulki yadda ya kamata, suna kawo wani rukunin sabbin shugabannin soja.

Shugabanni[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Shugabanni a lokacin Jamhuriyya ta Biyu
Shugaban kasa	Lokaci	Biki
Shehu Shagari	Oktoba 1, 1979 - Disamba 31, 1983	NPN

Jam'iyyun siyasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babbar Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya (GNPP)
Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria (NPN)
Nigeria Advance Party (NAP)
Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya (NPP)
Jam'iyyar Fansa ta Jama'a (PRP)
Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN)

Harkar siyasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tai Solarin, masani a fannin ilimi, ya hau kan dandalin jama'a akai-akai don yin magana don nuna rashin amincewa da abin da ya ke jin ra'ayin gwamnatin Jamhuriyya ta Biyu. Wani mai fafutuka kuma shi ne Ayodele Awojobi, farfesa (wato Professor of Mechanical Engineering) wanda ya shigar da kara da dama tare da shirya gangamin siyasa don nuna rashin amincewa da sakamakon zaben Najeriya da ya mayar da Shehu Shagari, mai ci a matsayin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta biyu - ya yi imani da cewa sakamakon zaben ya yi yawa. damfara.

Rushewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1983, sojoji suka hambarar da jamhuriya ta biyu. Manjo Janar Muhammadu Buhari, ya zama shugaban sojoji a sabuwar gwamnati, inda ya danganta zargin cin hanci da rashawa da gazawa wajen gudanar da mulki a matsayin dalilan shiga tsakani na sojoji. Buhari ya zama shugaban majalisar koli ta soja (SMC), sabuwar hukumar mulkin kasar. An daure Shugaba Shagari a gidan kaso, kuma an daure wasu daga cikin mambobin majalisarsa ko dai a gidan yari ko kuma a yi gudun hijira. Mamba na SMC na uku Janar Ibrahim Babangida ya hambarar da gwamnatin Buhari cikin lumana a watan Agusta 1985. ^[4] Babangida ya ba da damar yin amfani da mulki ba bisa ka’ida ba, da take hakkin dan Adam da manyan jami’an SMC ke yi, da gazawar gwamnati wajen tunkarar matsalar tattalin arzikin da kasar ke fama da shi a matsayin hujjar kwace mulki. A kwanakinsa na farko a kan karagar mulki, Shugaba Babangida ya himmatu wajen maido da ‘yancin aikin jarida da kuma sakin fursunonin siyasa da ake tsare da su ba tare da an tuhume su ba. A wani bangare na shirin gaggawa na tattalin arziki na watanni 15 ya sanar da rage albashin sojoji, 'yan sanda, ma'aikatan gwamnati da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Shugaba Babangida ya nuna aniyarsa ta karfafa gwiwar jama'a wajen yanke shawara ta hanyar bude muhawarar kasa kan shirin sake fasalin tattalin arziki da matakan farfado da tattalin arziki. Martanin da jama’a suka mayar ya gamsar da Babangida da tsananin adawa da shirin farfado da tattalin arzikin da ya dogara da lamuni na Asusun Lamuni na Duniya (IMF).