Karuwanci a Najeriya

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Karuwanci a Najeriya
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Karuwanci a Najeriya Haramun ne a duk jihohin Arewa da ke aiwatar da dokar hukunta laifukan Musulunci . A Kudancin Najeriya, an hukunta ayyukan ‘yan iska ko mata, karuwanci da masu karancin shekaru da aiki ko mallakar gidajen karuwai a ƙarƙashin sashe na 223, 224, da 225 na kundin laifuffuka na Najeriya[1]. Duk da cewa dokar Najeriya ba ta halalta aikin jima’i na kasuwanci ba, amma babu tabbas idan wani mai zaman kansa ne ya yi irin wannan aikin ba tare da yin amfani da ‘yan iska ko gidan karuwai ba.[2][3]

Tsarin laifuffuka na Najeriya ya haramta fataucin mata na ƙasa da ƙasa don yin jima'i ko kuma aikin tilastawa. Najeriya ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya ta shekara ta 2000 ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Hana, murkushewa da hukunta fataucin mutane[4], musamman mata da yara .

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kafin samun 'yancin kai: Legas[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun daga farkon shekarun 1900, karuwar mahimmancin tattalin arzikin Legas a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa da babban birni ya canza yanayin siyasa da tattalin arziki na birnin kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga zuwan 'yan Najeriya daga can baya. Canje-canjen al'umma da na kasuwanci su ma sun faɗaɗa zuwa haɓakar jima'i kuma a shekara ta 1910, karuwanci zama ruwan dare a Legas. A shekara ta 1916, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kafa wata doka da ta haramta neman mata amma dokar ba ta ayyana karuwanci ba. Gwamnati ta aiwatar da dokar da hankali kuma an amince da karuwanci a matsayin kasuwanci muddin bai haifar da tashin hankali ba. A ƙasar da ke cike da ɗabi’a ta addini da al’ada, amma wasu mata a cikin al’umma ba su yarda karuwanci ba. A shekara ta 1923, kungiyar mata ta Legas, wata fitacciyar kungiyar mata ta rubuta koke ga shugaban ’yan sanda na neman a soke takunkumin da aka sanya wa daukar mata aikin ‘yan sanda. An rubuta takardar koken wani bangare ne don dakile karuwar karuwanci da kuma kula da karuwai daga jami’an maza. [5] Ra'ayin jama'a ya kuma yi suka game da cinikin jima'i da ke danganta ta da laifin yara. A cikin shekara ta 1932, Tijani Omoyele, wani mawaki ya fitar da wani albam mai suna Asewo/ Omo j aguda (karuwai barayi ne ko masu laifi). A shekarun 1930, karuwai sun kasance suna da alaƙa da ƴan gungun ƴan azzalumai irin na Jagudas da Boma a Legas kuma an fara kiransu da Ashewo ko kuma masu canza kuɗi zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. A lokacin kafin yakin duniya na biyu ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci sun nemi abokan ciniki a gidajen karuwai, gidajen sinima da mashaya otal [5] a gundumar Legas Island na Broad St, Breadfruit, Labinjo, Martins, Kasuwar Porto Novo- da Taiwo [6] A Legas, karuwanci ya kasance wanda ba 'yan asalin jihar Legas ba ne kuma ana kiran su da suna kamar Ashewo (kalmar Yarbanci), Karuwaci ( Hausa), Akwunakwuna (kalmar Igbo) da Asape. [6] Da yawa daga cikin ma’aikata wani lokaci suna komawa ƙasarsu ta haihuwa da isassun kuɗi don su sami fushin mazajen da ba su saba da mata ba su fi su kuɗi.

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, jami'an Biritaniya sun firgita game da duk wata alakar da ke tsakanin yawan cututtukan da ake samu a cikin sojojin sojojin Afirka ta Yamma da kuma lalata da karuwai. A wannan lokacin, karuwancin tilas na matasa ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. A shekara ta 1943 Abidjan, wata karuwa ‘yar Najeriya, mai suna Lady ta mutu da babbar mai kula da ita, Mary Eyeamevber Eforghere na Lardin Warri, Najeriya, saboda ta ki yin lalata da wani Bature ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. Haɗuwa da fargabar cututtukan da ke tattare da jima'i, karuwancin yara da kuma shawo kan laifukan yara sun haifar da sabon matakin hana karuwanci. A cikin 1941, an kafa ƙungiyar masu adawa da mataimaki don gurfanar da masu laifi bisa sababbin dokoki guda biyu, Dokar Jagoran Ba da Lasisi (Haramta) Dokar da Dokar Cututtuka ta Venereal. An kuma san tsohuwar a hukumance a matsayin dokar tazara da aka ƙera don iyakance alaƙa tsakanin masu yawon buɗe ido na jima'i da karuwai. Dokar ta bukaci masu gadin yawon bude ido su sami masu gadin lasisi don yin aikinsu. Dokar ta shafi duka matasa masu laifin da ake daukar su ‘yan iska da karuwai. [6] Bugu da ƙari, karuwai da ke yin cin zarafi a kan titi kuma suna ci gaba da zuwa masu yawon bude ido sun kama masu adawa da su. A shekarar 1942, an gina wani dakunan kwanan dalibai don gyara mata karuwai a Legas bayan shekara guda aka zartar da dokar yara da matasa ta haramta karuwanci. [6] Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kuma kafa sashen jindadi da jin daɗin jama'a don kula da dakunan kwanan dalibai da gyaran yara karuwai. A shekara ta 1946, an kafa dokar da ta bayyana karuwanci da haramcinsa a fili.

Ƙarni na 20: Haƙuri da haɓakar fataucin jima'i[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, gidajen da aka haramta a tsakiyar shekarun 1940 sun sake bullowa. [6] Sashen jindadi da jin dadin jama'a da aka kirkiro don gyara yara karuwai sun fara zage-zage kan binciken da ta yi na karuwai. [6] A farkon shekarun 1980, karuwanci kan titi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Allen Avenue, Ikeja da kuma wasu yankunan Oshodi da daga baya Kuramo Beach . [6] A cikin 1987, Cibiyar Mata a Najeriya ta rubuta sanarwar manema labarai game da cin zarafi, cin zarafi da fyade da 'yan sanda ke yi wa karuwanci. [7]

karuwanci na kasa-da-kasa wanda ya fara a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Yammacin Afirka ya fara girma zuwa karuwancin nahiyoyi a cikin 1980s. Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1980, fataucin mata zuwa kasashen Turai irin su Italiya ya fara samun karbuwa. [8] A yawancin lokuta, akwai misalan tilastawa. Tilastawa ya faru a yanayin da aka nemi mata ko matasa da za a yi safarar su da su rantse da wani addini na Afirka ko limamin juju ya yi. Firistoci ne suka ɗauki wasu abubuwa kamar ruwan jiki don kiyayewa ko amfani da su don yin rantsuwa da hatimin yarjejeniya. [6] Idan mata suka isa kasar da suka nufa nan take sai su ba dillalan bashin kudin sufuri da masauki kuma za su biya bashin kafin a sako su, in har abada. Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Sa ido da Yaki da fataucin Bil Adama ya sanya Najeriya a matsayin kasa ta ' Tier 2 Watch List '.

Wasu masana sun bayyana cewa karuwanci a Najeriya ya karu ne sakamakon illar tattalin arziki da faduwar farashin man fetur ya yi a farkon shekarun 1980 sannan aka fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen daidaita tsarin a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. [9] A cikin 1980s, gidajen karuwai sun fara bunƙasa a cikin birane kuma karuwai da suka ƙaura zuwa cikin birni ana biyansu hayar yau da kullun don masauki. 1980s kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga fara kiran waya ko karuwanci na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar matasa masu digiri da ɗalibai. A Legas a farkon shekarun 1980, ’yan siyasa da ke zama a gidaje irin su 1004 sun nemi a yi wa matasa dalibai hidima kamar yadda ake kira ‘yan mata kuma sun kashe makudan kudade kan wadannan dalibai tare da tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen waje. [9]

A cikin garin Benin, gundumar jan haske tana kusa da titin Ugbague. Wannan ya fara zama yanki na karuwanci a cikin 1940s lokacin da mata matasa daga wasu jihohi suka zo yankin. Ana kiran matan a gida da suna asewo . [10]

Ƙarni na 21[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ayyukan jima'i da fataucin mutane na ci gaba da bunkasa a Najeriya. Bisa kididdigar da Cibiyar Nazarin Laifukan Kasa da Kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi, kimanin mata 8,000 - 10,000 'yan asalin Najeriya sun yi karuwanci a Italiya tsakanin shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekara ta 2009 [8] . Wakilin Najeriya a Cote d'Ivoire ya lura da yawan 'yan mata matasa a tsakanin 'yan kasuwa 'yan Najeriya a Abidjan . [11]

A Najeriya, ana samun nau'in aikin jima'i da aka fi sani a cikin gidajen karuwai ko gidajen ma'aikatan jima'i. Ci gaba da tasowa a cikin matasa dalibai da marasa aikin kammala digiri waɗanda ke amfani da jima'i don samun kudin shiga da yin aiki a matsayin karuwanci na ɗan lokaci ko kiran 'yan mata [9] ko kuma wani lokacin da ake kira 'yan matan Aristo suna canza dabarun da ma'aikatan jima'i ke amfani da su. Waɗannan matasa da suka kammala karatun digiri da ɗalibai suna amfani da sabis na ƙwararru da kiran kira a matsayin tsarin aiki, yayin da wasu mashaya da gidajen abinci sukan yawaita. [9]

A wasu lokuta, ’yan dako ko ma’aikatan otal suna zama a matsayin ‘yan baranda da cudanya tsakanin manyan ‘yan Nijeriya da ‘yan mata. ’Yan matan aristo galibi suna hidima ga manyan ’yan ƙasa kuma baƙi sun fi albashi fiye da masu yin lalata a gidajen karuwai. Kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na ma'aikatan gidan karuwai da masu yin lalata da tituna 'yan kasuwa ne, 'yan matan mashaya, masu gyaran gashi ko kuma suna da nau'in aiki na biyu. Gidajen karuwai suna kusan kowane manyan biranen Najeriya kuma suna ba da sabis mafi arha. [11] Gidajen karuwai suna cikin gundumomi masu yawan jama'a da tarkace a cikin birni. [9]

Bayan lokacin kulle-kulle COVID-19 annoba a Najeriya, saboda karuwar zamba ta Intanet da zamba (wanda ake kira Yahoo) da yawancin Matasan Najeriya ke ci gaba da yi, yawancin matan Najeriya sun kuma nemi hanyoyin samun kuɗaɗen shiga a waje da ayyukan gargajiya da kasuwanci. Sakamakon koma bayan tattalin arzikin Najeriya gaba da rashin aikin yi da raguwar kyawawan ɗabi'u na matasa a halin yanzu, yawancin mata masu shekaru tsakanin 19 zuwa 29 ciki har da ɗaliban jami'a sun koma karuwanci ko kuma suna da taken "Hookup" a matsayin yana nufin samun dogaro da kai ko salon rayuwa na abin duniya. Hookup ya bambanta da karuwanci na gargajiya saboda yana da hankali, mafi kyawun biyan kuɗi fiye da matsakaicin ayyuka / kasuwanci kuma yana da wuya a gurfanar da shi. Godiya ga Intanet da kafofin watsa labarun, Hookup yanzu ya zama ruwan dare gama gari kusan kowane yanki na Najeriya, musamman a birane kamar Legas .

A shekara ta 2003, an kafa dokar hana fataucin mutane ta zama doka kuma an kafa wata hukuma, Hukumar Hana Fataucin Bil Adama ta ƙasa da ta kula da safarar mutane a ƙasar.

Karuwanci na kamfani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wani nau'i na karuwanci daban-daban da aka sani da karuwanci na kamfanoni, sabon al'amari kuma galibi iyakance ga cibiyoyin kuɗi ya fara samun sananne a cikin shekara ta 2000s. A shekara ta 2004, wata kungiyar ma’aikatan banki ta yi barazanar shiga yajin aikin saboda zargin cewa wasu ma’aikatan mata suna kwana da maza domin samun asusu. Ko da yake galibin cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi ba sa tilasta wa mata yin jima'i don cimma burin kuɗi, amma hakan na nuni da cewa bankuna da dama ba sa adawa da irin waɗannan ayyuka. A cikin shekara ta 2010, an gudanar da sauraren karar a bene na Majalisar Wakilai game da ƙudirin dokar hana karuwanci da cin zarafin mata da sauran al'amura masu alaka da su.[12]

Ƙididdigar kan ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A wani bincike na ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci, kusan kashi biyu cikin uku ko kusan 63% sun ambata cewa sun fara aikin jima'i na kasuwanci kafin su kai shekaru 19. [13] Yawancin su (63%) suna aiki daga gidajen karuwai. [13] Saboda mummunan ra'ayin jama'a game da aikin jima'i na kasuwanci, 88% na ma'aikata suna aiki a garuruwan da ke nesa da gidansu na yara. [13]

Galibin sun fito ne daga gidaje masu karamin karfi. [13] Ma'aikatan jima'i suna horar da ƙwararrun ma'aikatan jima'i waɗanda suka horar da ma'aikatan jima'i kafin su fara aiki. Darussan horarwa sun shafi yadda ake mu'amala da mutum mai wahala, STDs da kariyar kai. [13] Yawancin ma'aikatan jima'i suna da taƙaitaccen bayani game da STD's kuma yawancin sun ambata cewa ba sa amfani da asibiti don magani.

UNAIDS ta kiyasta cewa akwai karuwai guda 103,506 a cikin ƙasar.

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ "Criminal Code Act-Tables". Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  2. ↑ "Criminal Code Act-Tables". Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  3. ↑ Sessou, Ebun (15 October 2011). "Legalising Prostitution: Women give Ekweremadu hard knocks". Vanguard. Lagos.
  4. ↑ Sessou, Ebun (15 October 2011). "Legalising Prostitution: Women give Ekweremadu hard knocks". Vanguard. Lagos.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Saheed
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Aderinto 2014.
  7. ↑ Nigeria: Prostitutes' problems. (30 November 1987). Off our Backs, 17, 10. Retrieved from Proquest
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Aluko-Daniels 2015.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Amadiume 2000.
  10. ↑ Akinyele & Dietz 2019.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Terfa 2001.
  12. ↑ Nzeshi, Onwuka (14 May 2010). "Banks Kick Against Corporate Prostitution Bill". This Day. Lagos – via www.myjoyonline.com.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Nnabugwu-Otesanya 2005.
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