Kwararafa
 Kwararafa | |
|---|---|
realm (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Dissolved, abolished or demolished date (en) | 1840 |
Kororofa, ( Kwararafa a cikin Hausa ) jiha ce mai yawan ƙabilu da/ko hakin kai da ke tsakiya a gefen kwarin kogin Benue da ke a yau tsakiyar Najeriya.[1] Ya kasance kudu maso yammacin daular Bornu da kudancin kasar Hausa. Sun yi fice kafin shekara ta1500, sun kasance cikin rikici da makwabtansu masu karfi a karni na 17, kuma sun ragu zuwa karamar haraji a karni na 18. An yi imanin cewa Kwararafa ko dai wata jiha ce ta mamaye yankin, karkashin jagorancin Jukun na zamani ko kuma wata kila sunan gamayya da makiyansu musulmi suka ba wa wasu arna a kudancinsu.[2]
Ko ta yaya, sarautar Jukun arna mai mahimmanci a ruhaniya a Wukari da alama ita ce cibiyar ikon Kwararafa, amma a cikin karni na 17, kila hakan ya yaɗu sosai. Leo Africanus ya rubuta wani samame da Bornu ya kai yankin Kwararafa a karshen karni na 15 da juriyar mahaya na Kwararafa. Sun yi tsarin mulki na birocracy kuma Aku ne ke jagorantar su wanda ikonsu ya yi iyaka.
Littafin tarihin Kano da sauran majiyoyin Hausa sun rubuta nasarar mamaye kasar Hausa da Kwararafa suka yi, musamman kan Kano wajen shekara ta 1600, kuma a tsakiyar karni, da kuma wani a 1671. A cikin shekara ta 1670s Kwararafa suka afkawa Katsina, suka kori Zaria, suka kaddamar da hari a Bornu. Majiyar Bornu ta rawaito cewa Kwararafa ya nufi babban birnin Ngasargamu kuma Mai Ali bin Umar ya mayar da shi gefe a wani gagarumin yaki. Marubuci Dan Marina na Katsina ya ba da labarin yadda Mai Ali ya yi kisan gilla da raunata da kama wasu da dama na Kwararafa tare da mayar da mutane uku da aka kama zuwa wurin shugabansu, an yanke musu kunnuwa da rataye a wuyansu.[1]
Ba tare da la’akari da rashin tausayin dangantakar ba, da alama an dade ana mutuntawa tsakanin jihohi. A cikin karni na 18, al'ummomin kowannensu yana zaune a cikin garuruwan dayan, kuma al'adar jakadun musulmi sun yi aiki ga Kwararafa.
An kuma samu al’ummar Hausawa a yankin Kwararafa. Duk da haka, da alama jihar ta kasance arna ce kuma ta wuce faduwarta a karni na 18. A karshen wannan karni, Kwararafa ya ba Bornu girma. A karni na 19 an mayar da su kananan garuruwa, suna adawa, na wani lokaci, Jihadin Fulani na Daular Sakkwato.
Jihar da ta gaji, Tarayyar Wukari, an kafa ta ne a shekara ta 1840 kuma ta ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin jihar gargajiya ta Najeriya. Ita ce kadai kabilar da ta ci Hausawa kuma mafi karfi a Najeriya a karni na 17.[3]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 H. J. Fisher. The Sahara and Central Sudan. in The Cambridge History of Africa: From C 1600 to C 179. Richard Gray, J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, eds. Cambridge University Press, (1975) 08033994793.ABA pp. 134-136
- ↑ Elizabeth Allo Isichei. A History of African Societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press, (1997) 08033994793.ABA
- ↑ Abimbola O Adesoji and Akin Alao. "Indigeneship and Citizenship in Nigeria: Myth and Reality" (PDF). Obafemi Awolowo University. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
Hanyoyin hadi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- The Times Atlas na Tarihin Duniya . (Maplewood: Hammond, 1989) shafi. 137
- DK Atlas na Tarihin Duniya . Taswirar "Kasuwancin Afirka da Yaduwar Musulunci, 500-1500 AD". (Littafin Bugawa Dorling Kindersley, 2000) p. 162