Mutanen Bali
 Mutanen Bali | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Yaren haihuwa | Hausa |
| Addini |
Kiristanci, traditional African religion (en)  da Musulunci |
Mutanen Bali (wanda aka fi sani da Bibaali, Maya, Ibaale, Abaali, Ibaale ko Ibaali) al'ummomin ne, da yawansu ya kai sama da mutane 100,000, waɗanda suke zaune a ƙauyukan Farabaune, Tashan Gurgu, Geidam / Tamgum, Tagombali Center, Duwo, Tamwa, Badan, Kwafara, Gidan-Rimi, Tamshe, Bali, da Bomni, da ke kan Hanyar Numan-Jalingo kusan 20 km daga Numan. Sauran da suka zauna a ciki sune: Janawuri, Salem (Babgye), Tagombali Dutse, Tangshi, Guri, Guri Kasuwa, Dingle, Kwabak, da Ubgo (Dingle Dutse) waɗanda ke magana da yaren Bali. A halin yanzu, ana kuma samun mutanen Bali a cikin ƙananan hukumomin Demsa, Numan, Mayo Belwa na jihar Adamawa da ƙaramar hukumar Lau ta jihar Taraba. Mafi yawan mutane masanan noma ne, kodayake akwai ƴan kasuwa, makiyaya da ma'aikatan gwamnati.[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamar kowace ƙabila a Najeriya, Bali suna ikirarin cewa sun shigo yankin Najeriya daga gabas. Bali, alal misali suna da'awar cewa sun shigo yankin Najeriya daga Jamhuriyar Congo kuma ta hanyar aiwatar da hankali; sun zo sun zauna a inda suke yanzu. Kpasham da Bomni sun ƙaryata game da ilimin nesa. Suna ikirarin cewa sun fito ne daga kasar Bachama, wata kila kuma daga Lamurɗe zuwa yankin da suke yanzu. Shaidun sun nuna Jamhuriyar Congo a matsayin asalin ƙasarsu ta asali.[2]
Ba a san lokacin da mutanen suka bar mazauninsu na asali ba. Wataƙila, dole ne mutane su bar mazauninsu na asali a cikin ƙarni na 17 wanda a lokacin akwai motsin jama'a a cikin Yammacin Yamma, Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka sakamakon yunwa, yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma yaƙe-yaƙe. Bali na iya zama ɓangare na yawan mutanen da suka yi ƙaura zuwa yankin tafkin Chadi kuma daga baya zuwa Kwarin Benuwai na Sama. Kafin sanarwar Jihad a Fombina, a cikin shekarar 1809, Bali ya riga ya zauna a cikin yankunansu daban-daban kuma ya haɓaka gwamnatocin ƙauyuka ko mafi kyau, gwamnatocin al'umma, masu cin gashin kansu.
Baya ga waɗannan gwamnatocin al'ummomin da Bali suka kafa, mutane kuma suna da kyakkyawan tsarin zamantakewar al'umma da tattalin arziki wanda ya daidaita al'ummominsu. Misali, wani bangare na zamantakewar mutane shi ne cewa Bali suna matuƙar girmama rayuwa. A haƙiƙanin gaskiya, ana ganin zub da jinin mutum ya zama abin damuwa ga Kpan Biswi (Kpan Luh ko Luwe, daga cikin Yotti da Kpasham bi da bi). Yawancin Bali sun yi imanin cewa Kpan Biswi ne ke jagorantar da rayuwar su. Ga Bali, saboda haka, rayuwa ta kasance mai tsarki. Haihuwar yaro an gaishe ta da farin ciki ba kawai ga iyaye ba har ma da al'umma gaba ɗaya. Haɓaka da ci gaban irin wannan yaro ya kasance abin kallo ga ɗaukacin al'umma.
Iyayensa da danginsa ne kawai suka horar da shi har ma da al’ummar gari baki daya. Wannan ya sanya Bali yaro mai amfani memba na al'ummarsa. Hakanan, mutuwar memba kowa ya yi baƙin ciki kuma ana kuma ganin shi babban rashi ne ga ɗaukacin Communityungiyar Bali. A taƙaice, akwai haɗin kai tsakanin mutanen Bali kafin tallata Mulkin Mallaka. Misali, harin da makiya suka kaiwa kowane kauye na Bali a matsayin hari ne akan kowa. Bayan haka, daidaikun manoma ko wasu mafarauta sun taimaka wa abokan aikinsu a lokacin bukata, musamman ta hanyar aikin gama gari (Gaya a Hausa). Don sanya shi a wata hanyar, a lokacin mulkin mallaka, Bali Society yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma mutane suna aiki tuƙuru. An sasanta rikice-rikicensu a tsakaninsu cikin lumana, kodayake a wasu lokuta da ba safai ba, suna zuwa fadan. A cikin shekarun farko na karni na 19, Bali Land ta fara fuskantar wasu matsaloli na siyasa, tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma. Sanarwar Jihadi a Fombina a cikin 1809 ta, Modibbo Adama bai shafi Bali kawai ba har ma da Yankin Binuwai duka. 'Yan Jihadists sun yi ƙoƙari su mamaye ilahirin ƙasar Bali amma ba tare da nasara ba. Koyaya, mummunar tasirin wannan Jihad ɗin akan mutane shine cewa akwai ƙaurawar jama'a a duk ƙasar Bali. Ana cikin haka, da yawa daga cikin Bali sun rasa 'ya'yansu, danginsu, abokansu da dukiyoyinsu ga Jihadists. Tun ma kafin sanarwar da Moddibo Lawan ya yi na Jihad a kan mutanen Bali, Baliland ta kasance cikin barazana daga Fulani da barayin bayi Bachama.
Barazanar da aka yi wa Bali daga ɓarayin bayi da barazanar mayaƙa masu ikirarin Jihadi, ta haifar da ƙuntata ayyukan Bali na zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa. Sakamakon haka, sannu a hankali talauci ya fara shigowa cikin al'umma. Wani mishan, Ernest Engskor wanda ya ziyarci ƙauyen Bali a farkon shekarar 1930S ya ba da wannan: Bali ya bayyana a gare mu yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin, talauci da talaucin da ke addabar ƙauyukan Afirka, ya zama bayi kamar yadda mutane suke ta tsohuwar al'ada da tsoron mugunta. ruhu. Abubuwan da muke da su na ban mamaki da ƙwarewa na musamman don kusan kamar dai waɗannan mutane sun farka daga haɓakar kyawon bacci don gano babbar duniya sama da keɓancewar al'ummarsu (Enskor, 1983: 179). Bali yana magance matsalolin masu satar bayi da Fulbe Jihadists, lokacin da masarautan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya suka faɗaɗa ayyukansu zuwa ƙasar Bali. Daga ƙarshe an ci mutanen da yaƙi kuma aka kawo su ƙarƙashin mulkin mallakar Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a cikin shekarata 1903.
A cikin shekarar 1903 zuwa 1912, ana ɗaukar duk yankin Kudancin Numan Town a matsayin "yankin rufe". Sai bayan 1912 ne aka buɗe ƙasar Bali, gami da waɗanda ke zaune a Mayo-Belwa da Lau ga mishan mishan. Zuwa 1940s, mulkin mallaka da Kiristanci sun zama sananne sosai a ƙauyukan Bali. Haƙiƙa, yayin da mishanan na Kirista, musamman Sudanasar Ofishin Jakadancin (SUM) ke aiki suna tausasa tunanin mutanen da suke gani a matsayin “marasa wayewa”, Malaman Mulkin Mallaka na Burtaniya suna kwashe dukiyoyinsu don cigaban ƙasashensu. Sakamakon haka shine an bar Bali don fuskantar tsananin yunwa da yunwa. Ta wannan hanyar [1], mulkin mallaka ya ci gaba da lalata tattalin arzikin Bali, fasaha da ci gaban dogaro da kai kamar dai yadda barayin bayi da Jihadists suka yi. Wannan shine yadda duk yankin Baliland ya zama mallakar Birtaniya a farkon ƙarni na 20 kamar kowace ƙasa ta kabilu a Nijeriya. Tabbas, cinikin bayi da kuma mulkin mallaka sune manyan karfi da suka kawowa Bali ci gaba. Maharan bawan sun mamaye mahaifar Bali kuma Birtaniyawa sun yi amfani da mahaifar Bali kuma Birtaniyyawa sun ci albarkatun Bali.
A duk lokacin mulkin mallaka, Bali sun yi gwagwarmaya don 'yantar da kansu daga mulkin mallaka. A cikin shekarar 1913, alal misali, ɗayan Bali ya gajarta kuma ya raunata wani jami'in Burtaniya wanda ya je Bali don asusun kansa. A cikin ramuwar gayya, balaguron Biritaniya ya kai hari kuma ya lalata ƙauyen Bali. Mutanen sun dauki shekaru suna gina garin su. Amma wannan bai hana mutane adawa da Ingilishi ba gaba ɗaya. A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1960, duk da haka, mutanen Bali tare da sauran ƙabilun ƙasar sun sami independenceancin siyasa daga Birtaniyya.