Nigeria and the World Bank

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Nigeria and the World Bank
alakar kasashen biyu
Bayanai
Ƙasa Najeriya
Participant (en) Fassara Bankin Duniya

Babban Bankin Duniya wata cibiya ce da aka kafa a shekara ta 1944 kuma tun daga shekara ta 1958 ta ba Najeriya lamuni da bashi mai rahusa ta hannun Developmentungiyar Ci Gaban Internationalasa ta Duniya (IDA) da Bankin forasa don Sake Gyara da Ci Gaban (IBRD). Ya zuwa shekara ta 2018, ya ƙunshi ƙasashe mambobi guda 189. Babban burinta shine taimakawa da sake gina kasashe bayan yakin duniya na 2. Amma yanzu, burinta shi ne kawar da talauci a cikin kowace ƙasa memba. Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekara ta 1960, a hukumance Najeriya ta shiga Bankin Duniya a ranar 30 ga Maris, din shekarar 1961. Kasancewar burin da bankin duniya ya gabatar a kasashen daban daban, a hankali a hankali tsawon shekaru sun tsara bankin zuwa hukumomi biyar don tunkarar wasu batutuwa a cikin kasashe masu karamin karfi. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Nijeriya ta yi ƙawance da IDA, an gina ta musamman don taimakawa ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi da ba da rance don ƙarancin ƙimar riba, da kuma IBRD.[1][2][3][4][5].

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Najeriya a halin yanzu ita ce kasa mafi yawan mutane a Afirka sannan kuma ita ce babbar mai fitar da mai kuma baya ga wannan, tana da kasa ta biyu mafi karfin tattalin arziki a Afirka. Duk waɗannan halayen sun sanya ta ƙasa mai ƙarfin tattalin arziki, amma kuma Nijeriya na fuskantar manyan ƙalubalen ci gaba. Sai a shekarar 1999 ne mulkin dimokiradiyya daga karshe ya mamaye Nijeriya karkashin Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo. Daga nan ne dangantaka da Bankin Duniya da Najeriya suka bunkasa. Bankin Duniya ya kasance yana aiki tare da Najeriya don rage yawan talauci, samar da ingantaccen jari na dan Adam, fadada kudaden shigar kasar ta bangarorin da ba na mai ba, da kuma taimakawa wajen tafiyar da tattalin arziki. Har zuwa 2004, Bankin Duniya ya yi jinkirin sakin kudade kuma yawancin ayyukan suna tafiya a hankali kuma ba su gamsuwa ba. Zuwa shekarar 2000 zuwa 2007 an kafa Bankin Duniya kan yin gyare-gyare a tsarin kwanciyar hankali da gudanar da mulki. Dangane da kimantawa na Bankin Duniya, wannan an ayyana shi azaman mai gamsarwa daidai gwargwado. Sauran ginshikan da aka mayar da hankali a kansu su ne isar da sabis na zamantakewar al'umma, karfafawa al'umma, da samar da ginshikin ci gaban mai ba mai ba. Duk waɗannan ba su gamsuwa ba gwargwadon kimantawar Bankin Duniya. Kodayake canji ya yi jinkiri, kafin shekara ta 2007 kyakkyawan sakamako ya fara fitowa daga ayyukan a Nijeriya. A shekara ta 2016, Najeriya ta zama ta 12 a jerin kasashen da suka fi karbar rance daga Babban Bankin Duniya da dala biliyan 6.6. Ya zuwa shekarar 2018, Babban Bankin Duniya yana da jimillar ayyuka guda 31 a wurare guda 772 a cikin Najeriya. Wannan duka ya haɗa har da dala biliyan 9.21 na shirye-shirye a ɓangarori kamar tsaro na zamantakewa, kiwon lafiya, noma, kamun kifi, gandun daji, makamashi, gudanar da gwamnati da sauran yankuna da ke buƙatar tsaftacewa. Zuwa shekara ta 2018 Bankin Duniya ya amince da ayyuka sama da guda 225 a Najeriya tun daga shekara ta 1958, yawancinsu sun faru ne ta hanyar kudaden IDA da kuma lamunin IBRD.

Bankin Duniya ya Samu Nasara a Najeriya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Duk da kasada da ke tattare da yawancin aiyuka, Babban Bankin Duniya da Najeriya ne ke aiwatar da su da nufin inganta abubuwan more rayuwar kasar. Wasu sun tabbatar da cewa ba su ci nasara ba, amma wasu da yawa sun sami nasara kuma sun canza rayuwar mazaunan Najeriya. Bankin Duniya ya sami ci gaba a fannoni da dama kamar, bunkasa birane da karkara, samar da makamashi, noma, da sauransu. . . Aikin Samun Karkara da Motsi (RAMP) ɗayan ayyukan nasara ne na Bankin Duniya. Manufar wannan aikin shine ginawa da sake gina hanyoyi don inganta yanayin zamantakewar jama'a da kawo kasuwanci a cikin wasu al'ummomin. Tun daga shekarar 2008, an sake ginawa ko inganta sababbin hanyoyin ketaren kogi da sama da kilomita 464 na karkara. Wannan ya haifar da ƙarshe yara suna iya zuwa makaranta a lokacin damina. Ban da wannan kuma, an yi jigilar kayan gona na tan miliyan 4.6 idan aka kwatanta da na baya na tan miliyan 3.5. Hakan kuma ya haifar da raguwar farashin sufuri da kuma karuwar yawan jama'a a yankin; wanda har yanzu yake karuwa har zuwa wannan ranar. A wannan lokacin, sabbin kanana da matsakaitan kasuwanci kamar gonakin kamun kifi, gonakin kaji, katako, da sabbin kasuwanni a nutsar da wadannan hanyoyi. Wani aikin da aka samu nasara shine shirin bunkasa makamashi na kasa (NEPD). Ya fara ne a shekara ta 2005 kuma ta hanyar rufe wannan aikin a cikin shekara ta 2012, sun sami damar isar da ingantaccen makamashi ga masu amfani da miliyan 4.4 a Nijeriya. Sun haɗu da al'ummomi 40 da sama da gidaje 24,600 a duk faɗin ƙasar tare da layin metro 8,100. Aikin Fadana na kasa ya yi matukar nasara wanda aka sake sabunta shi a karo na biyu da na uku tare da mai da hankali daban-daban kowane lokaci don ci gaba da inganta yanayin manoma yayin da yake kan turbar ajanda na Sauyin Aikin Noma na Najeriya. Aiki ne da yake aiki tun daga 1993 kuma har yanzu yana gudana har zuwa 2018. Bayan lokaci ya juya aikin gona ya zama kasuwanci mai fa'ida kuma ya gyara manoma su zama "Agro-preneurs". Hakanan ya rage yawan talauci a yankunan da aka kafa shi a ciki.[6].

Kwanan nan mayar da hankali[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kodayake an samu ci gaba ta hanyar ayyukan da aka yi kwanan nan a Najeriya, akwai bukatar a kara yin wasu abubuwa don kawo kasar cikin sauri. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2018, Bankin Duniya ya yanke shawarar tsawaita Dabarun Kawancen Kasar da Najeriya har zuwa 30 ga Yuni, shekara ta 2019. A yin hakan, an amince da fara wasu sabbin ayyuka 7 da darajarsu ta kai dala biliyan 2.1 a Najeriya. Wadannan ayyukan za'a aiwatar dasu ta hanyar yawan IDA din. Babban abin da waɗannan ayyukan suka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne kan mahimman sassan da za su haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki da kwanciyar hankali a cikin shekaru masu zuwa tare da Tsarin Tattalin Arziki da Tsarin Bunkasuwa (ERGP). Ta wannan ne kuma aka samar da aikin samar da zaizayar kasa da ruwa na kasa (NEWMAP) da dala miliyan 400 domin ragewa da kuma yin aiki da kasa da guguwar zaizayar kasa da kuma lalata kasa a jihohi da dama a fadin Najeriya. Bankin Duniya da Ma’aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya ne suka kirkiro kamfanin NEWMAP bayan da shugaban kasa Goodluck Jonathan ya nemi Bankin Duniya da ya shiga tsakani tare da taimakawa zaizayar kasa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya da lalata kasa a Arewa.

ƙasa ta tsakiya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An saki dala miliyan 750 zuwa ga tsarin Baitulmalin Jihar, Bayyanar da kai da dorewarsa da dala miliyan 125 zuwa ga Hukumar Kasafin Kudi da Cibiyoyin. Waɗannan ayyukan biyu za su yi aiki tare don ƙarfafa fa'idodin kasafin kuɗi da yin bayanan ƙididdigar ƙasa da kuɗaɗen jama'a abin dogaro. Wannan zai haifar da ci gaba da amincewa da gwamnati. Ta hanyar wadannan ayyukan za su tabbatar da sanya ido yadda ya kamata kan ayyukan da suka shafi ilimi, lafiya, da ruwa yadda ya kamata. Waɗannan ayyukan na PforR (Shirin don Sakamakon) da aka amince da su a ranar 27 ga Yuli, shekara ta 2018 za su ci gaba har zuwa Disamban shekara ta 2022.

Ci gaban ɗan adam: lafiya da jinsi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Za a ware zunzurutun kudi har dala miliyan 232 don Gaggawa Sakamakon Nutrition na cikin aikin Nijeriya. $ 225 miliyan da ke zuwa daga IDA credits da sauran miliyan 7 a matsayin tallafi daga Global Financing Facility. An saita wannan aikin a cikin Disamba 2023. A Najeriya, yawan rashin abinci mai gina jiki tun daga shekarar 2008 bai canza ba a wani babban mataki. Suna da tarihin rashin abinci mai gina jiki na tsawon lokaci wanda ke yaduwa ba daidai ba a duk fadin Najeriya. Tamowa tana shafar kusan kashi 44% na yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar. Sanya su cikin haɗarin rashin ci gaba zuwa cikakkiyar damar su ko kuma haɗarin mutuwa. Wannan aikin an tsara shi ne ga mata masu juna biyu, yara mata, da yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar. Zai amfani mutane sama da miliyan 8.7 miliyan $150 IDA credits da ake sa wajen Najeriya Polio Eradication Support Project ɓangare na kokarin kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya. Wannan aikin zai kawo allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna ta baki daya ga akalla kashi 80% na wadanda aka nufa da su a kowace jihohin Najeriya da ke halartar. Wannan zai taimaka wajen rage mace-macen jarirai da rage kasadar cutar shan inna a tsakanin manya da yara. Shirin mata na Najeriya yana kan matan da suka wuce shekaru 18 kuma kai tsaye zai amfani mata guda 324,000 a duk faɗin Nijeriya, wanda zai iza su zama membobin Afungiyar Afungiyoyin Mata (WAG) waɗanda za su kawo ingantaccen horo da haɓaka ƙwarewa waɗanda za su gabatar da ƙarin mata a bangaren tattalin arzikin Najeriya. Wannan aikin yana mai da hankali ne kan ƙarfafa mata ga tattalin arziƙi kuma yana samar da hanyar da za a ji muryoyinsu. Wannan shine aikin Bankin Duniya na farko a Nijeriya wanda ya fi mai da hankali kan jinsi ɗaya tak. Ana tallafawa ta hanyar bashin dala miliyan 100 daga IDA.

Makamashi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Aikin samarda wutar lantarki a Kasar Najeriya (NEP) ana daukar nauyin ta ne ta hanyar dala miliyan 350 na IDA daga Bankin Duniya. Manufar ita ce a samar da wadataccen kuma ingantaccen wutar lantarki ga magidanta, kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu, jami'o'i, da asibitin koyarwa ta hanyar amfani da kananan grids masu amfani da hasken rana da kuma tsarin hasken rana kai tsaye. An ƙaddamar da aikin haɗin gwiwar Arewa mai ƙarfi / Dorsale Nord Regional Power Inter-connector Project a shekarar 2018 azaman haɗin gwiwa wanda ba zai taimaki Nijeriya kawai ba, har ma da Benin, Burkina Faso da Niger. Haɗa waɗannan ƙasashe huɗu zuwa layin watsa layin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi zai ba da damar shiga cikin ingantaccen cinikin makamashi na yanki. Babban Bankin Duniya ya ba da dala miliyan 465.5 don wannan aikin. $ 275.6 miliyan sun zo ne ta hanyar bashi kuma sauran a matsayin tallafi daga IDA. A sakamakon haka, wannan aikin zai kawo ingantaccen lantarki mai araha ga iyalai da kamfanoni. Saboda haka, samar da gasa a cikin kasuwancin da zai taimakawa kasuwanci ya bunkasa ya kuma samar da ayyukan yi da taimakawa tattalin arziki a kowace kasa mai cikakken iko.

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. "Document of the World Bank" (PDF).
  2. "Nigeria Country Assistance Evaluation" (PDF).
  3. "Countries ranked by IBRD loans and IDA credits (DOD, current US$)". www.indexmundi.com. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
  4. "Global Reach Map". maps.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
  5. "Projects & Operations - All Projects | The World Bank". projects.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
  6. "Fadama Project Turns Nigerian Farmers into Agro-preneurs". World Bank (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-12-10.