Yarukan Jukun
| Yarukan Jukun | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification | |
| Glottolog | juku1257[1] |
Yarukan Jukunoid wani reshe ne na yarukan Benuwe-Congo da Jukun ke magana da shi da kuma mutanen da suka danganci Najeriya da Kamaru . An kuma rarraba su galibi a cikin jihar Taraba, Najeriya da yankunan kewaye.
Baƙin cikinsu na hanci wanda bai dace da su ba yana da matsala ga Afirka ta Yamma, kamar yadda ake gani a cikin Wapan .
Dangantakar waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gerhardt (1983) da Güldemann (2018) sun ba da shawarar cewa da gaske Jukunoid na daga cikin yarukan Filato, saboda tana da kamanceceniya da kungiyoyin Filato daban-daban, musamman Tarokoid . [2] Koyaya, dai Blench (2005) yayi jayayya cewa Jukunoid ya bambanta da Plateau. [3]
Rarrabuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wannan rabe-raben mai zuwa daga Glottolog ne; an kuma kara reshen Korofofa daga Ethnologue (Glottolog ya rarraba yarukan Korofofa da Jukun):
- Kuteb
- Tsakiya
- Kpan – Icen: Etkywan (Icen), Kpan
- Jukun – Mbembe – Wurbo
- Jukun: Jukun (Jukun Takum), Jibu, Hõne, Wãpha, Jan Awei
- Kororofa: Wannu, Wapan, Jiba
- Mbembe (Tigon)
- Wurbo: Como Karim, Jiru, Shoo-Minda-Nye
Ethnologue yana ƙara reshen Yukubenic na yarukan Plateau a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar Yukubenic-Kuteb bisa ga Shimizu (1980), sannan kuma Blench shima yana bin wannan rarrabuwa. Har ila yau, Ethnologue ya bar harshen Wurbo Shoo-Minda-Nye a matsayin wanda ba a sanya shi ba a cikin Jukun – Mbembe – Wurbo, kuma ya haɗa da harshen Benuwai-Kongo wanda ba a tantance shi ba a madadinsa.
Lau shima kwanan nan Idiatov ya ruwaito (2017). [4]
Sunaye da wurare[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ƙasa jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019).
| Language | Branch | Cluster | Dialects | Alternate spellings | Own name for language | Endonym(s) | Other names (location-based) | Other names for language | Exonym(s) | Speakers | Location(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akum | Anyar | 3 villages in Nigeria; 600 in Cameroon (1976) | Taraba State, ca. 6°50N, 9°50E | |||||||||
| Bete | 50 (2002) | Taraba State, Wukari LGA, Bete town | no data | |||||||||
| Nyifon | Iordaa | 1000 (CAPRO n.d. but probably 1990s) | Buruku LGA, Benue State | no data | ||||||||
| Jan Awei | Jan Awei | 12 ? (1997) | Gombe State, West of Muri mountains, North of the Benue (precise location unknown) | |||||||||
| Jukun cluster | Jukun | Njuku | Njikun | 35,000 (1971 Welmers); 1700 in Cameroon (1976) | Taraba State, Wukari, Takum, Bali and Sardauna LGAs; Nasarawa State, Awe and Lafia LGAs; Plateau State, Shendam and Langtang South LGAs; Benue State, Makurdi LGA; and in Furu-Awa subdivision, Cameroon | |||||||
| Jibu | Jukun | Gayam, Garbabi | 25,000 (1987 SIL) | Taraba State, Gashaka LGA | ||||||||
| Takum-Donga | Jukun | Takum, Donga | Jibu | Second language speakers only 40,000 (1979 UBS) | Taraba State, Takum, Sardauna and Bali LGAs | |||||||
| Wase Tofa | Jukun | Plateau State, Shendam and Langtang South LGAs | ||||||||||
| Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo group | Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | |||||||||||
| Kororofa cluster | Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | Kororofa | Jukun | more than 62,000 (SIL) | ||||||||
| Abinsi | Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | Kororofa | Wapan | River Jukun | Taraba State, Wukari LGA, at Sufa and Kwantan Sufa; Benue State, Makurdi LGA, at Abinsi | |||||||
| Wapan | Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | Kororofa | Wapan | Wukari and Abinsi | 60,000 (1973 SIL) | Taraba State, Wukari LGA; Nasarawa State, Awe and Lafia LGAs; Plateau State, Shendam and Langtang South LGAs (precise areas uncertain) | ||||||
| Hone | Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | Kororofa | Kona | 2,000 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA; Plateau State, Wase LGA. Villages north and west of Jalingo | |||||||
| Dampar | Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | Kororofa | Taraba State, Wukari LGA, at Dampar | |||||||||
| Mbembe Tigong cluster | Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | Mbembe Tigong | Noale | Tigong, Tigun, Tugun, Tukun, Tigum | Akonto, Nzare | 2,900 in Nigeria (1973 SIL) | Taraba State, Sardauna LGA; mainly in Cameroon | |||||
| Ashuku | Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | Mbembe Tigong | Ashaku | Ákә́tsә̀kpә́, Ákúcùkpú | Kitsipki | |||||||
| Nama | Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | Mbembe Tigong | Dama, Namu | Kporo | Nzare ‘I say so’; Eneeme | |||||||
| Shoo–Minda–Nye cluster | Wurbo | Shoo–Minda–Nye | May be related to Jessi spoken between Lau and Lankoviri | 10,000 (SIL) | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA | |||||||
| Shoo | Wurbo | Shoo–Minda–Nye | Shóó | dàŋ Shóó | Nwii Shóó | Banda, Bandawa | ||||||
| Minda | Wurbo | Shoo–Minda–Nye | Jinleri | |||||||||
| Nye | Wurbo | Shoo–Minda–Nye | Nyé | Nyé | Nwi Nyé | Kunini | ||||||
| Jiru | Wurbo | Zhiru | Atak, Wiyap, Kir | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA | ||||||||
| Etkywan | Kpan–Icen | Icen, Ichen, Itchen | Kentu, Kya)tõ, Kyanton, Nyidu | 6,330 in Donga district (1952 W&B); more than 7,000 (1973 SIL) | Taraba State, Takum and Sardauna LGAs | |||||||
| Kpan | Kpan–Icen | Western and Eastern groups: Western: 1 Kumbo–Takum Group: Kumbo (Kpanzon), Takum; 2 Donga (Akpanzhĩ; 3 Bissaula (extinct) Eastern: Apa (per Kilham), Kente, Eregba (per Koelle) | Kpanten, Ikpan, Akpanzhi, Kpanzon, Abakan | Kpwate, Hwaye, Hwaso, Nyatso, Nyonyo, Yorda, Ibukwo | Taraba State, Wukari, Takum and Sardaunda LGAs | |||||||
| Como–Karim | Wurbo | Shomoh, Shomong, Chomo, Shomo | Karim, Kirim | Kiyu, Nuadhu | Taraba State, Karim Lamido and Jalingo LGAs | |||||||
| Tita | Wurbo | Taraba State, Jalingo LGA, at Hoai Petel | Blench was not able to identify the people or the location, though Meek had data showing it to be Jukunoid. |
| Classification | Language | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun | Hõne (Pindiga/Gwana) | zùŋ | pyèːnè | sáːré | nyẽ́ | sɔ́nɛ́ | sùnjé | sùnpyèːnè | hūnnè | sīnyáu | dùb |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun | Jibu | zyun | pyànà | sàra | yina | swana | sùnjin | sùmpyànn | awùyin | ajunndúbi | dwib |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun | Wapa (Wãpha) | zùŋ | pyĩ̀ | sā / sārā | nyìnā | swã̄nā | ʃẽ̀ʒí | sémpyè | sẽ̄sá | sínyáu | ádùb |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa | Jiba (Jibe / Kona) | zũ̀ː | pyèːnà | sàːr | nyè | són | sùnʒé | sùmpyèːnà | húhúnyè | zōrhōnnì | dùb |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa | Wapan Jukun | dzun | pyìnà | tsara | nyena | tswana | cìnjen / ʃìʒen (5+ 1) | tsùpyìn (5+ 2) | tsùntsa (5+ 3) | tsùnyò (5+ 4) | dzwe |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Mbembe | Tigon Mbembe | nzo | pya | sra | nyɛ | tʃwɔ́ | tʃwɔ́mbazo (5+ 1) | tʃwɔ́mbapya (5+ 2) | ɛ́nyɛnyɛ (2 x 4) ?? | tʃwɔ́mnyɛ (5+ 4) | dʒé |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Akum | ájì | afã̀ | ata | aɲɪ̀ | acóŋ | acóŋ jì (5+ 1) | acóŋ afã̀ (5+ 2) | acóŋ ata (5+ 3) | acóŋ ɲì (5+ 4) | īkùr(ù) |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Kapya | ūŋɡēmé | īfɡɔ̀ | ītà | īɲɨɪ̀ | ìtú | tú ŋɡì (5+ 1) | tú ófɡõ (5+ 2) | tú àtà (5+ 3) | tú īɲɨɪ̀ (5+ 4) | èbʲí / èbzí |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Kuteb (Kutev) (1) | kínzō | ífaẽ | ítā | índʒē | ítsóŋ | ítsóŋ-ndʒō (5+ 1) | ítsóŋ-ífaẽ (5+ 2) | ítsóŋ-ítā (5+ 3) | ítsóŋ-ndʒē (5+ 4) | ridʒwēr |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Kuteb (Kutev) (2) | kínzō | ifaen | itā | inje | itsóŋ | itsóŋ-nzō (5+ 1) | itsóŋ-faen (5+ 2) | itsóŋ-tā (5+ 3) | itsóŋ-nje (5+ 4) | rijwēr |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Yukuben | kítə́ŋ | āpá(ŋ) | ātà, ārà | ēnzì | otòŋ | (ō)̄tòŋ kíhín (5+ 1) | (ō)̄tòŋ āpá (5+ 2) | (ō)̄tòŋ ātà / ārà (5+ 3) | (ō)̄tòŋ ēnzì (5+ 4) | kùr |
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/juku1257
|chapterurl=missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. - ↑ Gerhardt, L. 1983. The classification of Eggon: Plateau or Benue group? Journal of West African Languages, 13(1):37-50.
- ↑ Blench, Roger. 2005. Is there a boundary between Plateau and Jukunoid? Paper for the Vienna Jukunoid workshop, Vienna, 19-20th, November, 2005.
- ↑ Idiatov, Dmitry, Mark Van de Velde, Tope Olagunju and Bitrus Andrew. 2017. Results of the first AdaGram survey in Adamawa and Taraba States, Nigeria Archived 2023-06-01 at the Wayback Machine. 47th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics (CALL) (Leiden, Netherlands).