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Ahmed al-Sharaa

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Ahmed al-Sharaa
shugaba

28 ga Janairu, 2017 -
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna أحمد حسين الشرع
Haihuwa Riyadh da Golan Heights (en) Fassara, 1982 (41/42 shekaru)
ƙasa Siriya
Harshen uwa Larabci
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Ḥusayn ʻAlī Sharʻ
Karatu
Harsuna Larabci
Sana'a
Sana'a rebel (en) Fassara da leader (en) Fassara
Wurin aiki Siriya
Mamba Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (en) Fassara
Al-Qaeda
Al-Nusra Front (en) Fassara
Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (en) Fassara
Sunan mahaifi أبو محمد الجولاني
Aikin soja
Digiri emir (en) Fassara
Ya faɗaci Iraq War (en) Fassara
Iraqi insurgency (en) Fassara
Syrian civil war (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Mabiya Sunnah

Ahmed Hussein al-Sharaa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa Abu Mohammad al-Julani, ɗan gwagwarmayar juyin juya halin kasar Siriya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin sarkin Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) tun daga shekara ta 2017 har izuwa yau .[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] A matsayinsa na shugaban HTS, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a hare-haren adawar Siriya na 2024, wanda ya haifar da hambarar da gwamnatin Assad. Tushen da yawa sun bayyana shi a matsayin shugaban Syria na zahiri.[3][4][5][6]

An haifi Al-Sharaa a Riyadh, na kasar Saudi Arabia, ga dangin Siriya daga Golan Heights . Ba da daɗewa ba kafin mamayar Iraki a shekara ta 2003, ya shiga al-Qaeda a Iraki kuma ya yi yaƙi na shekaru uku a cikin tawaye na Iraki. Sojojin Amurka sun kama shi kuma sun ɗaure shi daga 2006 zuwa 2011. Sakiyarsa ya yi daidai da Juyin Juya Halin Siriya, kuma ya kirkiro Al-Nusra Front a cikin 2012 tare da goyon bayan al-Qaeda don shiga cikin Yaƙin basasar Siriya da Gwamnatin Ba'athist ta Bashar al-Assad . A matsayinsa na sarkin al-Nusra Front, al-Sharaa ya gina sansani a arewa maso yammacin Jihar Idlib kuma ya yi tsayayya da yunkurin Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi na haɗa al-Nasra cikin Jihar Musulunci. Wannan takaddamar ta haifar da rikici tsakanin al-Nusra da Jihar Musulunci.

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta lissafa al-Sharaa a matsayin "Mai Ta'addanci na Duniya" a watan Mayu 2013, [7] kuma shekaru hudu bayan haka ya ba da sanarwar lada miliyan 10 don bayanan da suka kai ga kama shi. [8]

A cikin 2016, al-Sharaa ya yanke alakar al-Nusra da al-Qaeda, ya haɗa shi da wasu kungiyoyi don kafa Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham a shekara mai zuwa. Tun lokacin da ya rabu da al-Qaeda, ya nemi halattacciyar kasa da kasa ta hanyar mai da hankali kan shugabanci a Siriya maimakon burin jihadi na duniya. HTS ta kafa gwamnati a yankin da take sarrafawa, karbar haraji, samar da ayyukan jama'a, da kuma bayar da katunan shaida ga mazauna, kodayake ta fuskanci zargi game da dabarun mulkin mallaka da kuma murkushe rashin amincewa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ya gabatar da ra'ayi mai matsakaici game da kansa, yana nuna cewa ba shi da sha'awar yaƙi da ƙasashen Yamma, kuma ya yi rantsuwa da kare' yan tsiraru.[9][10]

Rayuwa ta farko

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Tarihin iyali

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Mahaifin Al-Sharaa, Hussein al-Shara a cikin 1992

Iyalin Al-Sharaa sun fito ne daga Golan Heights a Siriya, kuma an kore su a shekarar 1967 bayan mamayar Isra'ila a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki shida. [11] nisba "al-Julani" a cikin sunansa na yaƙi yana nufin Golan Heights .

Mahaifin Al-Sharaa, Hussein Ali al-Sharaa, ya kasance dalibi ne na Larabawa mai fafutuka ga Nasserists a Siriya wanda ya yi karatun tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Bagadaza kafin ya zama injiniyan mai.[11][12] Ya wallafa littattafai da yawa game da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yanki.[13] Mahaifin Al-Sharaa, Hussein, dan uwan Farouk al-Shara a matsayin dan uwan Al-Sharia.

Kakan mahaifinsa, Ali Mohammed al-Sharaa, babban mai mallakar ƙasa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa a birnin Fiq . [14] Kakansa, Mohammed Khalid al-Sharaa (1899-1932), ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Babban Rikicin Siriya da mamayar Faransa a Siriya. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa ba tare da ya halarta ba saboda shiga cikin tawaye, kodayake ba a taɓa aiwatar da hukuncin ba.[14]

Matasa a Siriya

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An haifi Al-Sharaa Ahmed Hussein al-Shara a 1982 a Riyadh a cikin dangin matsakaicin matsayi.[15] Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a can a matsayin injiniyan mai, kuma mahaifiyarsa malamin ilimin ƙasa ce. Iyalin sun koma Siriya a shekarar 1989, inda suka zauna a unguwar Mezzeh mai arziki ta Damascus . A cewar Hussam Jazmati, wanda ya samar da tarihin rayuwarsa mafi mahimmanci, abokan aji suna tunawa da al-Sharaa a matsayin saurayi mai karatu amma wanda ba shi da ban mamaki wanda ya sa tabarau masu kauri kuma ya guje wa hankali.[16] A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, an bayyana shi a matsayin "mai natsuwa" da "mai jin kunya", [15] "mai basira" amma "mai shiga cikin jama'a," kuma an san shi da "kyakkyawan kamanninsa" da soyayya da yarinya Alawite wanda iyalai biyu suka ƙi. [12] Ya kasance a Damascus, yana karatun kafofin watsa labarai kuma ya fara digiri a fannin kiwon lafiya har sai ya koma Iraki a shekara ta 2003.[15][16][17]

Yaƙin Iraki

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Mugshot na al-Sharaa a shekara ta 2006, bayan da sojojin Amurka suka kama shi a Iraki

A cewar wata hira da Frontline a cikin 2021, al-Sharaa ya bayyana cewa Intifada ta Biyu ta Palasdinawa ta karfafa shi a cikin 2000 lokacin da yake da shekaru 17 ko 18. Ya ce: "Na fara tunani game da yadda zan iya cika aikina, kare mutanen da masu mamayewa da masu mamayar suka zalunta. "[18][19]

Godiya ga Hare-haren 9/11, [12] al-Sharaa ya yi tafiya daga Damascus zuwa Baghdad ta bas makonni kadan kafin mamayar Iraki ta 2003, inda ya tashi da sauri ta hanyar al-Qaeda a Iraki (AQI). [18] Jaridar Times of Israel ta yi iƙirarin cewa al-Sharaa abokin tarayya ne na shugaban AQI, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi .[1] A cikin hira da ya yi da Frontline a shekarar 2021, al-Sharaa ya musanta ganawa da al-Zarqawi kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya yi aiki ne kawai a matsayin soja na yau da kullun a karkashin al-Qaeda game da mamayar Amurka. Kafin fashewar Yaƙin basasar Iraki a shekara ta 2006, sojojin Amurka sun kama al-Sharaa kuma sun daure shi sama da shekaru biyar a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da Abu Ghraib, Camp Bucca, Camp Cropper da gidan yarin al-Tajji.

Yaƙin basasar Siriya

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Tashin hankali na Siriya da kuma kafa al-Nusra

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Bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku daidai da Juyin Juya Halin Siriya a 2011, al-Sharaa ya haye zuwa Siriya tare da kudade masu yawa da kuma umarni don fadada kasancewar al-Qaeda. Duk da tashin hankali tare da jagorancin al-Qaeda a Iraki, wadanda suka gamsu da tafiyarsa, al-Sharaa ya ci gaba da shirya yarjejeniya tare da Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi don kafa reshen Syria na al-Qaedo, Jabhat al-Nusra. Kungiyar ta ci gaba da kawance da Daular Islama ta Iraki (ISI) har zuwa 2013, tare da tsari tsakanin al-Sharaa da al-Baghdadi don warware rikice-rikice ta hanyar sulhu da Al-Qaeda Emir Ayman al-Zawahiri. A tsawon lokaci, al-Sharaa ya fara nisanta kansa daga akidar jihadi ta kasa da kasa, yana ƙara tsara ƙungiyarsa a cikin mahallin gwagwarmayar kishin ƙasa ta Siriya.[18]

ISI da farko ta ba al-Sharaa mayaƙa, makamai, da kudade don kafa ƙungiyar al-Qaeda a Siriya. Al-Sharaa ya aiwatar da waɗannan tsare-tsaren tare da shugabannin ISI bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku.[11]

Al-Sharaa ya zama "janar sarkin" na al-Nusra lokacin da aka sanar da shi a hukumance a watan Janairun 2012. A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta sanya Jabhat al-Nusra a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci, ta gano shi a matsayin sunan al-Qaeda a Iraki (wanda aka fi sani da Jihar Musulunci ta Iraki). A karkashin jagorancin al-Sharaa, al-Nusra ya fito a matsayin daya daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka fi karfi a Siriya.[1] Gininsa ya kasance a kan Gwamnatin Idlib a arewa maso yammacin Siriya.[20]

Hare-haren

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A karkashin jagorancin al-Sharaa, al-Nusra, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, da Hayat Tahrir al-Shan sun gudanar da bama-bamai da yawa da kuma kisan kiyashi na tsaftacewa addinai a kan Musulmai Shia, Druze da Alawites tsakanin 2012 da 2017. Wadannan sun hada da fashewar bam na Janairu 2012 al-Midan, Kisan kiyashi na Hatla, [21] kisan kiyashin Qalb Loze, [22] Harin Zara'a, [23] da kuma daya daga cikin fashewar bama-bamai na Maris 2017 Damascus. [24] An kuma zargi Al-Nusra da aiwatar da bama-bamai na 10 ga Mayu 2012 a Damascus da Fabrairu 2013 a Damascus. [25][26]

Rikici da ISIS

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Kamar yadda al-Sharaa ya kafa wani yanki a Siriya tsakanin 2012 da 2013, jagorancin Iraqi na ISI ya zama abin zargi.[27] Al-Nusra ya karu da shahara don samar da ayyukan zamantakewa da kuma hadin kai tare da sauran kungiyoyin adawa na Siriya masu dauke da makamai a kan Gwamnatin Assad; al-Sharaa ya yi watsi da umarnin al-Baghdadi na fara fada da su da kashe masu gwagwarmayar adawa. Babban mataimakin Al-Baghdadi, Abu Ali al-Anbari, ya yi tafiya zuwa Siriya don bincika al-Sharaa, ya kammala cewa shi "mutum ne mai ban dariya; fuska biyu; [...] [wanda] ya haskaka lokacin da ya ji sunansa da aka ambata a tashoshin tauraron dan adam".[who][27]

Damuwa game da karuwar shahara na al-Nusra da rashin biyayya na al-Sharaa, al-Baghdadi ya sanar da haɗuwa tsakanin al-Nasra da ISI a ƙarƙashin sabon sunan Jihar Islama ta Iraki da Siriya (ISIS) a watan Afrilun 2013. [28] Haɗin da aka gabatar zai kawar da ikon cin gashin kai na al-Nusra ta hanyar sanya dukkan shugabannin sa, yanke shawara, da ayyukansa a karkashin ikon Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi kai tsaye. Don adana 'yancin al-Nusra, al-Sharaa ya yi alkawarin biyayya (bay'ah) kai tsaye ga shugaban al-Qaeda, Ayman al-Zawahiri, wanda ya ba shi hukuncin da ya tabbatar da' yancin al-Nousra. Duk da yake al-Nusra ta yi alkawarin biyayya ga al-Qaeda ta hanyar biyayya ga ISI, wannan sabon alkawarin ya wuce ISI gaba ɗaya, yana mai da al-Nisra reshen Syria na al-Qaïda.[29][30]

A ƙarshen 2013, al-Zawahiri ya umarci al-Baghdadi ya yarda da sokewar haɗuwa, wanda ya ki kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci gaba da shi.[28] A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014, kokarin kawo karshen rikicin tsakanin ISIS da al-Nusra ya gaza, wanda ya haifar da al-Qaeda ta yanke alakarta da ISIS a watan Fabrairu na shekara ta 2014 kuma ta bar al-Nasra a matsayin wakilin al-Qaedo a Siriya. Bayan kisan gillar Abu Khalid al-Suri a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, al-Sharaa ya zargi ISIS kuma ya kwatanta su da "<i id="mwARU">Sahawat</i>" na Iraqi wanda ya yi yaƙi da al-Qaeda tare da Amurka, yana zargin su da lalata yakin da Assad ta hanyar yaƙi da 'yan tawaye. Yaƙi tsakanin ISIS da al-Nusra ya biyo baya; al-Sharaa ya yi gargadin cewa yaƙin yana cikin haɗarin ba da izini ga Assad. [1] A cikin watanni masu zuwa, ISIS ta kama yawancin yankin da al-Nusra da 'yan adawar Siriya ke sarrafawa, [28] inda ta bar kimanin mayakan dubu huɗu a bangarorin biyu da suka mutu a watan Fabrairun 2015.[31] A watan Yunin 2015, al-Sharaa ya gaya wa Al Jazeera cewa babu wani mafita ga rikici da ke zuwa, kuma sai dai idan ISIS "ya tuba ga Allah kuma ya dawo cikin hankalinsu", ba za a sami "babu wani abu sai fada tsakaninmu".[32]

Barazanar da aka yi wa Amurka

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Bayan farawar Operation Inherent Resolve, hadin gwiwar da Amurka ke jagoranta yaƙin neman zaɓe na iska da aka yi yaƙi da Jihar Islama a Siriya, al-Sharaa, a cikin wata sanarwa ta jama'a, ya bayyana hare-haren sama a matsayin hari kan Islama, kuma ya gargadi ga jama'ar Yamma: "Wannan shine abin da zai kai yakin zuwa zuciyar ƙasarku, domin Musulmai ba za su tsaya a matsayin masu kallo suna kallon 'ya' yaƙi da aka saki kuma kashe su a ƙasashensu ba, yayin da aka kashe su a cikin ƙasashensu. A cikin sakamakonsu.[33]

Maido da al-Nusra

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A ƙarshen Mayu 2015, Ahmed Mansour ya yi hira da al-Sharaa a gidan talabijin na Al Jazeera na Qatar, yana ɓoye fuskarsa. Ya bayyana Taron zaman lafiya na Geneva a matsayin farce kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Siriya da ke da goyon baya ta Yamma ba ta wakilci mutanen Siriya ba kuma ba ta da kasancewar ƙasa a Siriya. Al-Sharaa ya ambaci cewa al-Nusra ba shi da wani shiri na kai hari kan manufofi na Yamma, kuma cewa fifiko suna mai da hankali kan yaki da Gwamnatin al-Assad ta Siriya, Hezbollah, da Jihar Islama ta Iraki da Levant. Al-Sharaa ya gaya wa al-Jazeera a cikin 2015, "Nusra Front ba shi da wani shiri ko jagora don yin niyya ga Yamma. Mun sami umarni a bayyane daga Ayman al-Zawahiri kada mu yi amfani da Siriya a matsayin hanyar kaddamarwa don kai farmaki ga Amurka ko Turai don kada mu lalata aikin gaskiya a kan gwamnatin. Wataƙila Al-Qaeda ta yi hakan amma ba a nan ba. Sojojin Assad suna fada da mu a gefe ɗaya, Hezbollah a wani kuma ISIL a gaba na uku.[34] "Yaƙinmu ba batun fansa ba ne ga Alawi duk da gaskiyar cewa a cikin Islama, ana ɗaukar su masu ridda", ya kara da cewa.[34] Wani sharhi game da wannan hira duk da haka ya bayyana cewa al-Sharaa ya kara da cewa za a bar Alawites su kadai muddin sun watsar da abubuwan bangaskiyarsu waɗanda suka saba wa Islama.[35]

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2015, shigar Rasha a cikin yakin basasar Siriya ya sa al-Sharaa ta yi kira ga karuwar hare-hare a kan sansanonin Alawite na Assad a matsayin fansa ga hare-haren jirgin saman Rasha a yankunan Sunni.[36] Al-Sharaa ya kuma yi kira ga fararen hula na Rasha da Musulmai daga tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet su kai musu hari.[37]

Jabhat Fateh al-Sham

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A ranar 28 ga watan Yulin 2016, al-Sharaa ta ba da sanarwar cewa al-Nusra ya yanke alaƙa da al-Qaeda kuma ya sake sanya shi Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (JFS). Ya kara da cewa sabuwar kungiyar ba za ta sami "babu wata alaƙa da kowane bangare na waje".[38] Ayman al-Zawahiri da mataimakinsa a Siriya, Abu Khayr al-Masri, sun goyi bayan rabuwa a fili.[39]

Al-Sharaa bai tuntubi al-Zawahiri ba game da kafa JFS, a maimakon haka ya nemi izini daga al-Masri. JFS ta shirya don adana alaƙa ta ɓoye tare da al-Zawahiri har sai ta shirya haɗuwa da wasu kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye, wanda zai zama cikakkiyar rabuwa daga al-Qaeda a hanyar da za ta gamsar da shi. Da yake gaskata cewa wannan zai kara haɗa al-Nusra tare da mahallinsu, al-Masri ya amince da shirin da aka tsara a kai daga baya al-Zawahiri ya amince da shi. Koyaya, al-Zawahiri ya ƙi shirin bayan an gabatar da shi.

Kafa Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS)

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Bayan kafa JFS, al-Sharaa ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami haɗuwa da Ahrar al-Sham . Lokacin da jagorancin Ahrar ya ki, an kafa wata kungiya mai fafutuka da ke karkashin jagorancin Abu Jaber Shaykh a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016. A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2017, al-Sharaa ta ba da sanarwar cewa JFS za ta rushe kuma ta haɗu da wasu kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye da yawa, gami da ƙungiyar Abu Jaber, don kafa Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). [40] A kokarin nuna balaga na sabuwar kungiyar, al-Sharaa ya shirya Abu Jaber ya zama shugaban HTS, kodayake an sake komawa shugabanci zuwa al-Sharia a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017.[41]

Sauran masu goyon bayan al-Qaeda a cikin JFS sun kalli kafa HTS a matsayin hutu na ƙarshe daga kungiyar kuma sun ki shiga. Yawancin tsoffin sojoji na al-Qaeda sun soki al-Sharaa a bainar jama'a saboda matakan da ya dauka; Sami al-Oraydi ya yi Allah wadai da shi a matsayin rashin biyayya ga Ayman al-Zawahiri. A sakamakon haka, wasu - ciki har da al-Oraydi - HTS ta kama su a ƙarshen 2017. Bayan an sake su, wasu sun shiga cikin kafa Hurras al-Din, sabuwar ƙungiyar Siriya ta al-Qaeda .

Gwamnatin Amurka da sauri ta ki amincewa da wannan sakewa, tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Siriya yana mai cewa "Tsarin HTS shine Nusra, kungiyar ta'addanci da aka zaba. Wannan sanyawa ta shafi ba tare da la'akari da sunan da take amfani da shi ba ko kuma abin da ya haɗu da kungiyoyi a ciki. " Ofishin Jakadun ya nuna kafa HTS a matsayin ƙoƙari na "samar da juyin juya halin Siriya" maimakon matsawa zuwa ga matsakaici.[42]

Duk da wannan matsayi, a karkashin HTS, kungiyar ta ba da fifiko ga yaki da al-Qaeda da ISIS a kokarin inganta matsayinta tare da kasashen Yamma. HTS ta samu nasarar kayar da ISIS, al-Qaeda, da kuma mafi yawan dakarun adawa a yankinta, inda ta kafa iko a kan mafi yawan Gwamnatin Idlib, wacce take gudanarwa ta hanyar Gwamnatin Ceto ta Siriya mai haɗin HTS.[11][43]

A tsakiyar 2020, al-Sharaa ya kara yawan kasancewarsa a Idlib don gina goyon baya. Kafofin yada labarai masu alaƙa da HTS sun fadada fitar da su sosai a wannan lokacin, suna fitar da bidiyo da yawa na yau da kullun da ke nuna ayyukan gwamnati, rarraba haraji a yankunan karkara, ayyukan gaba, da tarurrukan al-Sharaa tare da kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga na gida.  [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span>]

Gudanar da rashin kulawa

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Yanayin soja kafin hare-haren adawa a ƙarshen 2024.
Yankunan da Tahrir al-Sham (farin) da gwamnatin Siriya (ja) ke riƙewa.

A karkashin gwamnatin al-Sharaa, Idlib ta sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci, ta zama yankin da ya fi girma a Siriya duk da cewa a tarihi shi ne lardin da ya fi talauci. Yankin ya ƙunshi sabbin manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki, gidaje, da samar da wutar lantarki da ke kusa da na Dimashƙu. Cibiyoyin ilimi sun haɗa da jami'a tare da ɗalibai 18,000 masu rarrabewa. Koyaya, gwamnatinsa ta fuskanci zargi game da manufofin harajin haraji, gami da harajin kwastam akan kayayyaki daga Turkiyya da kudaden dubawa akan kayayyakin da aka shigo da su, da kuma tasirin tattalin arziki na raguwar lira ta Turkiyya, wanda shine babban kuɗin a yankin.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, zanga-zangar da aka yi a lardin Idlib a kan mulkin al-Sharaa, tare da masu zanga-zambe da suka karɓi taken "Isqat al-Julani" ("Ka yi la'akari da Julani"), wanda ya tunatar da zanga-zanan da suka gabata a kan gwamnatin Assad. Fiye da wata daya, daruruwan kuma wani lokacin dubban masu zanga-zangar sun yi tafiya a cikin biranen Idlib da garuruwa. An haifar da zanga-zangar ne saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da zargin zalunci, tare da rahotanni na dubban masu sukar da aka gudanar a kurkuku, da korafin tattalin arziki da suka shafi haraji mai yawa.

A mayar da martani ga tashin hankali, al-Sharaa ya yi sulhu da yawa. Ya saki daruruwan fursunoni daga aikin tsaro na lokacin rani na baya, ciki har da tsohon mataimakinsa Abu Maria al-Qahtani, wanda aka kama tare da wasu 300 a cikin tsarkakewar motsi. Ya kuma yi alkawarin zabubbukan kananan hukumomi da kara damar samun aiki ga mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, yayin da yake gargadi masu zanga-zangar game da abin da ya kira cin amana.

Turkiyya, wacce a baya ta taimaka wajen daidaita lardin ta hanyar haɗa shi da wutar lantarki da kuma ba da damar kayan gini su shiga kyauta, sun damu game da tasirin al-Sharaa. A mayar da martani, ya rage cinikayya ta hanyar ƙetare iyakarsa tare da Idlib, yana shafar kudaden shiga na HTS. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa al-Sharaa ya yi ƙoƙari sau biyu ya karɓi wasu Yankunan da Turkiyya ke gudanarwa a arewacin Siriya.

Tawayen da aka mamaye a shekarar 2024

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Harin adawa na Siriya wanda ya hambarar da mulkin Assad a cikin kwanaki 11

A ƙarshen Nuwamba 2024, al-Sharaa ya jagoranci HTS a cikin yunkurin da ya yi a kan Sojojin Larabawa na Siriya masu goyon bayan Assada.[44][45][46]

A lokacin da aka Kama Aleppo, al-Sharaa ya umarci sojojinsa kada su "scare da yara" kuma tashoshin HTS sun watsa hotunan Kiristoci a cikin birni suna ci gaba da ayyukansu na yau da kullun. Archbishop Afram Ma'lui ya bayyana cewa sauye-sauyen iko ba zai shafi ayyukan ba. Bayan an kori sojojin gwamnati daga birnin, al-Sharaa ya bayyana cewa "bambanci yana da ƙarfi". HTS da sauri ta kafa hukumomin gudanarwa don dawo da ayyuka na asali, gami da tattara shara, wutar lantarki, da ruwa. Kwamitin Janar na Zakat na kungiyar ya fara rarraba kayan burodi na gaggawa, yayin da Babban Kungiyar ta Kasuwancin hatsi da sarrafawa ta samar da man fetur ga wuraren yin burodi na gida. Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban da Harkokin Jama'a ta ba da rahoton isar da burodi 65,000 a ƙarƙashin kamfen ɗin da ake kira "Together We Return".[47]

A ranar 6 ga watan Disamba, a wata hira da CNN, al-Sharaa ya bayyana cewa burin harin shine cire Assad daga mulki. Yin amfani da sunansa na ainihi, Ahmed al-Sharaa, ya yi alkawarin kare kungiyoyin 'yan tsiraru, [9] kuma ya tsara shirye-shiryen kafa gwamnati da ke cikin cibiyoyi da kuma "kwamitin da mutane suka zaba". [48] A cewar Dareen Khalifa na Ƙungiyar Crisis ta Duniya, al-Sharaa ya yi la'akari da rushe HTS don ƙarfafa tsarin mulkin farar hula da soja. Ya kuma bayyana niyyarsa na sauƙaƙe dawowar 'yan gudun hijirar Siriya zuwa gidajensu.[49] A cikin jawabinsa na nasara bayan faduwar Dimashƙu, ya yi Allah wadai da Iran a matsayin tushen ɗarika da cin hanci da rashawa, kuma ya tsara nasarar a matsayin canji ga yankin.[48]

Gudanarwa bayan faduwar gwamnatin Assad

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A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, Firayim Ministan Siriya Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali ya ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnatin Siriya za ta mika mulki ga sabuwar gwamnatin da aka zaba bayan ficewar al-Assad daga Damascus, kuma al-Sharaa ya ci gaba da sanar da cewa al-Jarali za ta "suna kula da cibiyoyin gwamnati har sai an ba da su". Al-Jalali daga baya ya lura da Al Arabiya cewa al-Sharaa ya kasance yana hulɗa da kansa kafin sanarwar don tattauna mikawa. A wannan rana, ya gabatar da jawabi a Masallacin Umayyad na Damascus, yana kiran faduwar gwamnatin Assad "sabon babi a tarihin yankin" kuma yana Allah wadai da rawar da Siriya ta taka a matsayin "wurin wasa ga burin Iran", wanda ke da alaƙa da ɗarika da cin hanci da rashawa.[48] A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, HTS ta fitar da bidiyon al-Sharaa, al-Jalali da Mohammed al-Bashir, shugaban gwamnati a Idlib. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, al-Sharaa ya sadu da jami'an Turkiyya, wanda ya nuna tawagar diflomasiyya ta farko tun bayan da aka hambarar da Assad.[50]

A wata hira da tashar labarai ta Siriya, yayin da yake amsawa ga hare-haren jirgin saman Isra'ila da ke gudana a Siriya, al-Sharaa ya ce bayan faduwar gwamnatin Assad, Isra'ila ba ta da "duk wani uzuri" don kai hari kan yankin Siriya. Ya kuma yi magana game da "magani na diflomasiyya" a matsayin hanya daya tilo don tabbatar da tsaro maimakon "ba a yi la'akari da abubuwan da suka faru na soja ba".

Hotuna

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A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2021 PBS Frontline ta fitar da wani shirin, The Jihadist, wanda ke binciken abubuwan da suka gabata na al-Sharaa a cikin yanayin yakin basasar Siriya da ke gudana. A cikin hira, yana tunani game da dangantakar da ya gabata da al-Qaeda, game da Manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma batun Palasdinawa, al-Sharaa ya yi sharhi a cikin hira:

Tarihin yankin da abin da ya faru a cikin shekaru 20 ko 30 da suka gabata yana buƙatar la'akari da shi. Muna magana ne game da yankin da masu zalunci ke mulki, da mutanen da ke mulki da hannayen ƙarfe da na'urorin tsaro. A lokaci guda, wannan yankin yana kewaye da rikice-rikice da yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa. Ba za mu iya ɗaukar wani ɓangare na wannan tarihin ba kuma mu ce haka-da-don haka ya shiga Al Qaeda. Akwai dubban mutane da suka shiga Al Qaeda, amma bari mu tambayi dalilin da ya sa wadannan mutane suka shiga AlQaeda? Wannan ita ce tambaya. Shin manufofin Amurka bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II ga yankin suna da alhakin fitar da mutane zuwa kungiyar Al Qaeda? Kuma manufofin Turai a yankin ne ke da alhakin halayen mutanen da ke jin tausayi ga manufar Palasdinawa ko kuma yadda gwamnatin Zionist ke hulɗa da Palasdinawa?.. su ne mutanen da aka rushe da kuma zalunta wadanda suka jimre da abin da ya faru a Iraki, alal misali, ko a Afghanistan, shin suna da alhakin...? Kasancewarmu da Al Qaeda a baya zamani ne, kuma ya ƙare, kuma har ma a wannan lokacin da muke tare da Al Qaedo, muna adawa da hare-haren waje, kuma gaba ɗaya ya sabawa manufofinmu don gudanar da ayyukan waje daga Siriya don yin niyya ga mutanen Turai ko Amurka. Wannan ba wani ɓangare na lissafinmu ba ne, kuma ba mu yi shi ba.[11]

Rubuce-rubuce

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A kan dandalin yanar gizo na Jihadist, akwai rubutun da labaran da aka danganta ga al-Sharaa a ƙarƙashin sunan "Abdullah Bin Muhammad", gami da The Strategy of the Regional War .

Dubi kuma

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Bayani

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  1. ↑ Samfuri:Langx
  2. ↑ Samfuri:Langx; also transliterated as Joulani, Jolani, and Golani[1][2]

manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Elusive Al-Qaeda leader in Syria stays in shadows". Times of Israel. 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ToI13" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ "Who is Abu Mohammed al-Golani, the leader of Syria's shock insurgency?". AP News. 4 December 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
  3. ↑ Bowen, Jeremy (18 December 2024). "Syria not a threat to world, rebel leader Ahmed al-Sharaa tells BBC". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 December 2024.
  4. ↑ Griswold, Eliza (17 December 2024). "Reasons to Leave Syria—and to Return". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 17 December 2024.
  5. ↑ Maher, Hatem (14 December 2024). "Syria's de facto leader not interested in new conflicts despite Israeli attacks". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 December 2024.
  6. ↑ "Abu Mohammad al-Julani: Who is Syria's de facto ruler?". Jewish News Syndicate. 8 December 2024. Archived from the original on 14 December 2024.
  7. ↑ "Terrorist Designations of Al-Nusrah Front Leader Muhammad Al-Jawlani". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  8. ↑ Cone, Allen (10 May 2017). "U.S. offers $10M reward for information on al-Nusra leader". United Press International. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Karadsheh, Jomana; Tuysuz, Gul; Laine, Brice; Kent, Lauren; Kourdi, Eyad (6 December 2024). "Syrian rebel leader says goal is to 'overthrow' Assad regime". CNN. Retrieved 18 December 2024. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "CNN24" defined multiple times with different content
  10. ↑ Abdulrahim, Raja (6 December 2024). "Leader of Syria's Resurgent Rebels Lays Out Strategy to Oust Assad". The New York Times.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 "The Jihadist". PBS. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "frontline" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Almustafa, Hamzah Almustafa; Jazmati, Hossam (22 June 2021). "Syria war: Inside the world of HTS leader Abu Mohammad al-Jolani". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 6 December 2024. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MEE" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ Almustafa, Hamzah Almustafa; Jazmati, Hossam (22 June 2021). "Syria war: Inside the world of HTS leader Abu Mohammad al-Jolani". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 6 December 2024.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 جزماتي, حسام (10 September 2024). "سيرة والد الجولاني بقلمه". الجمهورية.نت (in Larabci). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Al-Atrush, Samer; Spencer, Richard (11 December 2024). "Who is Abu Mohammed al-Jolani? 'Polite' Syrian leader heads home". The Times (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 18 December 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Telegr24
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named birth
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Raya Jalabi (7 December 2024). "Abu Mohammad al-Jolani, the Syrian rebel leader hoping to overthrow Assad". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 6 December 2024. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "FT24" defined multiple times with different content
  19. ↑ Salem, Mostafa (6 December 2024). "How Syria's rebel leader went from radical jihadist to a blazer-wearing 'revolutionary'". CNN News.
  20. ↑ "An internal struggle: Al Qaeda's Syrian affiliate is grappling with its identity". Brookings Institution. 31 May 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  21. ↑ "Syria: 60 Shia Muslims massacred in rebel 'cleansing' of Hatla". The Independent. 13 June 2013.
  22. ↑ "Killings of Syrian Druze draws wide condemnation". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  23. ↑ "Islamists agree to hand over corpses of civilians massacred in northern Homs". Al-Masdar News. 24 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  24. ↑ "Nusra Front kills Syrian villagers from minority Druze sect". thestar.com. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  25. ↑ "U.N. envoy mulling invite to Syria in wake of deadly Damascus bombings". CNN. 10 May 2012.
  26. ↑ "Damascus bomb one of deadliest of Syrian civil war". The Telegraph. 21 February 2013.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Hassan, Hassan; Weiss, Michael (2 December 2024). "The Backstory Behind the Fall of Aleppo". New Lines Magazine (in Turanci). Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Byman, Daniel L.; Williams, Jennifer R. "ISIS vs. Al Qaeda: Jihadism's global civil war". Brookings (in Turanci). Retrieved 18 December 2024. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content
  29. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Nahar
  30. ↑ "Qaeda chief annuls Syrian-Iraqi jihad merger". Al Jazeera English. 9 June 2013. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  31. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :6
  32. ↑ "Nusra leader: No end to conflict with ISIL in Syria". Al Jazeera (in Turanci). 4 June 2015. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
  33. ↑ "Islamist rivals in Syria find a common enemy in 'crusaders' coalition". 6 October 2014.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Syria Al-Qaeda leader: Our mission is to defeat regime, not attack West". al-Jazeera. 28 May 2015. Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  35. ↑ Lund, Aron (29 May 2015). ""Abu Mohammed al-Golani's Aljazeera Interview"". Syria Comment. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  36. ↑ "Syria's Nusra Front leader urges wider attacks on Assad's Alawite areas to avenge Russian bombing". The Daily Telegraph. 13 October 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  37. ↑ "Head of al Qaeda's Syrian branch threatens Russia in audio message". The Long War Journal. 13 October 2015. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  38. ↑ "Analysis: Al Nusrah Front rebrands itself as Jabhat Fath Al Sham | FDD's Long War Journal". FDD's Long War Journal. 28 July 2016. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  39. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Rebrand
  40. ↑ Joscelyn, Thomas (28 January 2017). "Al Qaeda and allies announce 'new entity' in Syria". FDD's Long War Journal. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. Archived from the original on 29 May 2017.
  41. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :7
  42. ↑ "US Stands Firm: HTS and Jolani Still Part of al-Qaeda Network". Times of India. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
  43. ↑ "Julani is a temporary leader of the "Liberation of the Sham" .. This is the fate of its former leader". HuffPost. 2 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
  44. ↑ Sakr, Taha (8 December 2024). "From Riyadh to Rebellion: Rise of Syria's Abu Mohammad Al-Golani". Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  45. ↑ Salem, Mostafa (6 December 2024). "How Syria's rebel leader went from radical jihadist to a blazer-wearing 'revolutionary'". CNN. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  46. ↑ "Is the overthrow of Assad good for the Palestinians?". Middle East Monitor. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  47. ↑ Zelin, Aaron Y. (3 December 2024). "How Syria's 'Diversity-Friendly' Jihadists Plan on Building a State". The Washington Institute. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Robertson, Nic (8 December 2024). "Syrian rebel leader's victory speech holds a message for Iran – and for Trump and Israel too". CNN. Retrieved 10 December 2024. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "NicR" defined multiple times with different content
  49. ↑ "Thousands flee as Syrian rebels advance on crossroads city of Homs". The Times of Israel. Reuters. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  50. ↑ Ula, enab10 (12 December 2024). "Turkish delegation meets with Ahmed al-Sharaa in Damascus". Enab Baladi (in Turanci). Retrieved 13 December 2024.

Bayanan littattafai

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Haɗin waje

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Samfuri:Tahrir al-ShamSamfuri:Al-Qaeda

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