Eshugbayi Eleko
 Eshugbayi Eleko | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa | Lagos, 19 century | ||
| ƙasa | Najeriya | ||
| Mutuwa | Lagos, 1932 | ||
| Makwanci |
Lagos Iga Idunganran | ||
| Ƴan uwa | |||
| Mahaifi | Dosunmu | ||
| Sana'a | |||
Oba Eshugbayi Eleko (ya rasu a shekara ta 1932), wanda ake yi wa lakabi da “Eleko na Eko”, shi ne Oba na Legas daga shekarun 1901 zuwa 1925, kuma daga shekarun 1931 zuwa 1932. Mahaifinsa shi ne Oba Dosunmu.[1] Gwagwarmaya da nasarar da Eleko ya yi a shari'a kan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ya nuna alamar gwagwarmaya tsakanin 'yancin 'yan asalin kasar da mulkin mallaka a Najeriya. Sakamakon "Al'amarin Eleko" ya kai ga tsige Eleko a matsayin Oba, aka mayar da shi Oyo a tsakanin shekarun 1925 zuwa 1931, shekarun da wasu masana tarihi a yanzu suke kira da "shekarun interregnum", wanda kuma ya ga sarautar Oba Ibikunle Akitoye (daga shekarun 1925 zuwa 1928) da Oba Sanusi Olusi (daga shekarun 1928 zuwa 1931).
Obaship[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Oba Eleko ya gaji Oba Oyekan na I bayan rasuwar Oyekan a shekarar 1901 kuma gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Legas karkashin Gwamna William MacGregor ta amince da shi a hukumance.[2] Wadanda suka yi rashin nasara a hannun Eleko a Obaship a shekarar 1901 sun hada da Jose Dawodu, Oduntan,[2] da Adamaja.[3]
Adawar Eleko ga harajin ruwa na gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin shekarar 1908, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya (Gwamna Walter Egerton) ta ba da shawarar bullo da ruwan famfo a Legas (a kan farashin £ 130,000) don inganta yanayin tsafta kuma ya yi jayayya cewa ya kamata 'yan Legas su biya tsarin ruwa.[4] Oba Eleko ya nuna adawa da shirin inda ya yi nuni da cewa ‘yan Legas za su iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai kyau kuma Turawa da ke Legas ne ke bukatar ruwan bututun kuma ya kamata Turawa su biya kudin aikin ruwan.[2] Duk da rashin amincewar da Eleko ya yi, an fara aikin gina kamfanin Iju Waterworks, wanda a sakamakon haka, Oba Eleko ya tayar da zanga-zangar 'yan Legas kimanin 15,000 a gidan gwamnatin Legas. Rikicin ya biyo bayan zanga-zangar ne aka yi awon gaba da shagunan Turawa a Legas. Batun harajin ruwa ya raba manyan mutanen Legas zuwa sansanin masu goyon bayan gwamnati (Kitoyi Ajasa, Dr. John Randle, Dr. Obasa, Henry Carr, Candido da Rocha, Cif Obanikoro, Cif Alli Balogun) da kuma kungiyar masu adawa da gwamnati (Herbert Macaulay)., J. Began Benjamin, Dr. Adeniyi Jones, Dr. Caulrick). Wasu kamar su Dokta Obasa da Randle da farko sun kasance a sansanin ‘yan adawar gwamnati amma sun koma baya bayan da aka yi musu barazanar tayar da zaune tsaye da kuma yin ayyukan da suka shafi yunkurin yaki.[4] This was depicted in the 2019 biopic, The Herbert Macaulay Affair.[5] An kwatanta wannan a cikin shekarar 2019 biopic, The Herbert Macaulay Affair.
Rikicin Eleko da Gwamnati kan nadin da aka yi masa na babban Masallaci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sauran matsalolin Oba Eleko da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka sun bayyana ne a shekarar 1919 lokacin da Oba ya amince da nadin Jamat Musulmi 4 a matsayin Balogun, Bashorun, Seriki Musillimi da Bey a babban masallacin Juma'a. Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta ji cewa Oba ya zarce iyakarsa kuma ya kamata nadin ya kasance na addini sosai tare da albarkar gwamnati. Gwamnatin dai a wani abin da ake ganin ta ramuwar gayya ne kan tarzomar da aka yi kan shirin samar da ruwan famfo, ta janye amincewa da Oba, tare da dakatar da alawus dinsa. Kiyayyar da gwamnati ta yi wa Oba Eleko ya daga darajarsa da mutanen Legas; Matakin hukuncin da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta dauka ya haifar da sakamakon da bai yi niyya ba na daga martabar Eleko saboda sarakunan yankin da ’yan kasuwar yankin sun cika Eleko da tallafin kudi.[2] Gwamna Hugh Clifford zai dawo da Oba Eshugbayi Eleko a cikin shekarar nan.[4]
"Eleko Affair"[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
“Al’amarin Eleko” ya ta’allaka ne a kan ma’aikatan ofishin Eleko, da shari’ar Oluwa Land, da kuma rashin amincewa da Eleko ya yi da kuma raba kan sa daga kalaman Herbert Macaulay a Landan game da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka a Legas. Kafin ziyarar Herbert Macaulay zuwa Landan a madadin Cif Amodu Tijani (Oluwa na Legas) kan batun Oluwa Land Case, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta samu bayanan sirri cewa Macaulay ya shirya daukar ma’aikatan Oba da shi amma ba a ga ma’aikatan ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda an ɓoye shi a cikin kabarin wani Adamaja (wanda ya taɓa yin riya a matsayin Obaship na Legas) bisa umarnin Christopher Sapara Williams wanda ya goyi bayan takarar Adamaja a shekarar 1900.[3] An ce Macaulay ya kai hari kan kabarin Adamaja da daddare tare da bulonsa (Lawani Kafo daya), ya sake rufe kabarin kuma ya boye ma’aikatan ofishin a bangonsa a zauren Kristen (gidan Macaulay) har zuwa 1919 lokacin da ya ba da shi ga wani lauya Awona Renner. wadanda suka yi ganawa da Macaulay da Cif Amodu Tijani (Oluwa na Legas) a Accra a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Landan. Tare da rendezvous na Accra, Macaulay ya hana gwamnatin mulkin mallaka shiga hanyar mallakar ma'aikatan Oba.[3] A lokacin da Macaulay yake Landan, ya kunyata gwamnatin mulkin mallaka a Legas inda ya fitar da wata sanarwa cewa Eleko Eshugbayi shi ne shugaban ‘yan Najeriya miliyan 17 kuma Eleko, wanda kakansa (Oba Dosunmu ) ya mika Legas ga Birtaniya ta hanyar yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta ta Legas. a shekarar 1861, ya sami kasa da albashi fiye da mafi ƙasƙanci biya Turai lambu.[3] Macaulay ya kuma lura cewa yayin da aka yi wa Dosunmu alkawarin biyan fensho daidai da na kudaden shiga na mulkin mallaka, ba a cika alkawarin ba, kuma a shekarar 1920, kuɗaɗen shiga na Najeriya ya kai fam miliyan 4! Macaulay yana so ya kara bayyana cewa Eleko shine "Babban negro" wanda ya mallaki girman Birtaniya sau 3.[3] Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kunyata kuma ta fassara wakilcin a matsayin Eleko shine Sarkin Najeriya duka. Sakamakon haka, gwamnati ta nemi Eleko da ya fito fili ya karyata kalaman Macaulay. Shi kuma Eleko, ya fitar da wata sanarwar manema labarai inda ya musanta furucin Macaulay amma gwamnati ba ta gamsu ba. Tana son masu kararrawa Eleko su fito da wani musun da Henry Carr, mazaunin Legas Colony ya yi, wanda Oba Eshugbayi ya ki yarda da shi a fili. Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta mayar da martani tare da dakatar da alawus din Oba da kuma janye amincewar gwamnati a hukumance.[3]
Ajiye Eleko da koro shi zuwa Oyo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Idan ba tare da hadin kan Oba ba, mulkin mallaka ba zai iya tafiyar da Legas yadda ya kamata ba. Tashin hankali ya ci gaba, daga ƙarshe ya bayyana tare da dokar gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kori Oba zuwa Oyo a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, 1925. Oba Eshugbayi bai bi umarnin ba, kuma a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 1925, aka kama shi aka kai shi Oyo.[6] Lokacin da Oba Eleko ya yi gudun hijira, Oba Ibikunle Akitoye ya yi mulki daga shekarun 1925 zuwa 1928 kuma Oba Sanusi Olusi ya yi mulki daga shekarun 1928 zuwa 1931. Yayin da Oba Eleko ke zaman gudun hijira, lauyoyinsa sun ci gaba da yaki da korar tasa, inda suka je gaban majalisar masu zaman kansu a Biritaniya wacce ta ba da umarnin a sake duba batun korar Oba. Tare da abubuwan da suka dace da Oba bayan shekaru da yawa na gudun hijira, Gwamnan Legas mai jiran gado, Sir Donald Cameron, a wani abin da ake kallo a matsayin wani babban dan siyasa, ya yanke shawarar warware batun ba tare da kotu ba kuma ya bar Oba Eshugbayi Eleko ya dawo. Sakamakon haka, Cameron ya sami yabon 'yan Legas da yawa.
Dawowar Eleko cikin nasara daga gudun hijira[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Oba Eleko ya dawo wurin taron jama'ar Legas da ke cike da murna, suka yi masa murna suka kai shi fadarsa. Cike da zuci, Eleko ya suma, sai da aka farfado dashi. Eleko kuma ya fashe da waƙa yana yabon Herbert Macaulay, wanda ya kasance mai ba da shawara. Oba Sanusi Olusi ya bar Iga Idungaran na Oba Eleko kuma gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya ta biya shi diyyar fam 1,000 a kan titin Broad da kuma alawus na shekara-shekara £400.[7]
Mutuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Oba Eshugbayi Eleko ya rasu a ranar 24 ga watan Oktoba, 1932, an binne shi a Iga Idunganran, kuma Oba Falolu Dosunmu ya gaje shi.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Robert L. Sklar (8 December 2015). Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation. Princeton University Press, 2015. p. 44. ISBN 9781400878239.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Folami, Takiu (1982). A History of Lagos, Nigeria: The Shaping of an African City. Exposition Press. pp. 41–43. ISBN 9780682497725.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Dele-Cole, Patrick (17 April 1975). Modern and Traditional Elites in the Politics of Lagos. Cambridge University Press. pp. 125–127. ISBN 9780521204392.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Dele-Cole, Patrick (17 April 1975). Modern and Traditional Elites in the Politics of Lagos. Cambridge University Press. pp. 98–101. ISBN 9780521204392.
- ↑ Toromade, Samson (2019-10-29). "The Herbert Macaulay Affair: 5 historical figures who featured". Pulse Nigeria (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-10-19.
- ↑ Folami, Takiu (1982). A History of Lagos, Nigeria: The Shaping of an African City. Exposition Press. pp. 46–54. ISBN 9780682497725.
- ↑ Dele-Cole, Patrick (17 April 1975). Modern and Traditional Elites in the Politics of Lagos. Cambridge University Press. p. 150. ISBN 9780521204392.