Harshen Daza
| Harshen Daza | |
|---|---|
| |
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
dzg |
| Glottolog |
daza1242[1] |
Daza (wanda aka fi sani da Dazaga ) yare ne na rukunin harsunan Nilo-Saharan da al'ummar Daza (wani rukuni ne na mutanen Toubou ) mazauna arewacin Chadi da gabashin Nijar ke magana. [2] Ana kuma san Daza da Gouran (Gorane) a Chadi. [2] Dazaga yana magana da kusan mutane 700,000, musamman a yankin hamadar Djurab da yankin Borkou, wanda ake kira Haya ko Faya-Largeau arewa ta tsakiyar Chadi, babban birnin mutanen Dazaga. Ana magana da Dazaga a tsaunin Tibesti na Chadi (masu magana 606,000), a gabashin Nijar kusa da N'guigmi da kuma arewa (masu magana 93,200). [2] Har ila yau, ana magana da shi kadan a Libya da kuma a Sudan, inda akwai al'umma mai magana 3,000 a birnin Omdurman ƴan ƙasashen waje da ke aiki a Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .
Yaruka na farko na harshen Dazaga guda biyu sune Daza da Kara, amma akwai wasu yarukan da dama da suke fahimtar juna, wadanda suka hada da Kaga, Kanobo, Taruge da Azza. Yana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da yaren Tedaga, wanda Teda ke magana, ɗayan daga cikin ƙungiyoyin mutanen Toubou guda biyu, waɗanda galibi ke zaune a tsaunin Tibesti na arewacin Chadi da kuma kudancin Libya kusa da birnin Sabha.[3]
Dazaga yaren Nilo-Saharan ne kuma memba ne na reshen sahara na yammacin sahara na kungiyar sahara wanda kuma ya kunshi yaren Kanuri da Kanembu da harsunan Tebu . An kuma raba Tebu zuwa Tedaga da Dazaga. Reshen Saharan Gabashin ya ƙunshi yaren Zaghawa da harshen Berti.[4]
Kalmomi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yarukan da ake magana a Chadi da Nijar suna da tasirin Faransanci yayin da yarukan da ake magana a Libya da Sudan sun fi tasirin Larabci . Harshen Dazaga ba a al'adance rubuce-rubucen harshe ba ne amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan SIL ta samar da rubutun kalmomi. Yawancin masu jin Dazaga suna jin harsuna biyu ko na harsuna da yawa a cikin harshensu na asali tare da ko dai Larabci, Faransanci, Zaghawa, Hausa, Zarma, Kanuri ko Abzinawa . Don haka akwai aro da yawa daga wasu harsuna kamar Larabci, Hausa ko Faransanci. Misali, kalmar "na gode" an aro ta ne daga shokran Larabci kuma an shigar da ita cikin harshen ta hanyar yawanci ana bi da suffix -num alama na mutum na biyu. Tebura masu zuwa sun ƙunshi kalmomi daga yaren Daza da ake magana a Omdurman, Sudan. Wannan romanisation ba misali ba ne.
Lambobi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Turanci | Daga | Turanci | Daga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daya | Tron | Goma sha ɗaya | Murdai sa Tron |
| Biyu | Jow | Goma sha biyu | Murdai sa Jow |
| Uku | Aguzo | Goma sha uku | Murdai sa Aguzo |
| Hudu | Twzo | Goma sha hudu | Murdai sa Twzo |
| Biyar | Foo | Goma sha biyar | Murdai sa Foo |
| Shida | Disi | Goma sha shida | Murdai sa Disi |
| Bakwai | Troso | Goma sha bakwai | Murdai sa Troso |
| Takwas | Woso | Goma sha takwas | Murdai sa Woso |
| Tara | Yisi | Goma sha tara | Murdai sa Yisi |
| Goma | Murdum | Ashirin | Digiram |
| Talatin | Murtta Aguzo | hamsin | Murtta Foo |
| Arba'in | Murtta Twzo | dari | Kidri |
Kalmomi na asali da jimloli[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Turanci | Daga | Turanci | Daga | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mutum | Agni | Barka da Safiya | Wasa Nisira | |
| mace | Ari | Barka da Dare | Kalar Sizoo | |
| iyali | Ama tanga | na gode | alay barkantchân | |
| ɗan'uwa | Daga | Sunana shi ne... | Tan Sortanjo | |
| 'yar'uwa | Duro | Menene sunanka? | Sornuma Ja? ko sonuma eni' | |
| baba | Aba | Lafiya lau? | nere wasi? | |
| mama | Aya | Ina lafiya | Kala Layy or Tan Wasu or wasa a' | |
| aboki | Lao | Don Allah | toussowna | |
| duniya | Dina | Ƙasa | Ni | |
| mutu | Noso | Addini | Din | |
| mutane | Amma | Mafi kyau | Bouré | |
| Gabas | Mah | Yamma | Jeh | |
| Arewa | Yallh | Kudu | Onoum |
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Lahoton Daza shine kamar haka:[5]
Consonants[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | b | t d | tʃ dʒ | k ɡ | |
| Ƙarfafawa | f | s z | ( ʃ ) | h | |
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Kaɗa | ɾ | ||||
| Na gefe | l | ||||
| Kusanci | w | j |
Wasula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | u | |
| ɪ | ʊ | ||
| Tsakar | e | o | |
| ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Bude | a |
Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Daza". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Daza at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ↑ Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963. The languages of Africa. International Journal of American Linguistics 29.1. Repr. The Hague: Mouton, 1966.
- ↑ Cyffer, Norbert. 2000. Linguistic properties of the Saharan languages. Areal and Genetic Factors in Language Classification and Description: Africa South of the Sahara, ed. by Petr Zima, 30–59. Lincom Studies in African Linguistics 47. München: Lincom Europa
- ↑ Walters, Josiah (2016). A Grammar of Dazaga.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Abubuwan Dangantaka a Dazaga [1] Archived 2016-03-11 at the Wayback Machine Archived