Harshen Daza

Harshen Daza
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nilo-Saharan; harsunan sahara; Harshen Daza-kara; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	dzg
Glottolog	daza1242

Daza (wanda aka fi sani da Dazaga ) yare ne na rukunin harsunan Nilo-Saharan da al'ummar Daza (wani rukuni ne na mutanen Toubou ) mazauna arewacin Chadi da gabashin Nijar ke magana. ^[2] Ana kuma san Daza da Gouran (Gorane) a Chadi. ^[2] Dazaga yana magana da kusan mutane 700,000, musamman a yankin hamadar Djurab da yankin Borkou, wanda ake kira Haya ko Faya-Largeau arewa ta tsakiyar Chadi, babban birnin mutanen Dazaga. Ana magana da Dazaga a tsaunin Tibesti na Chadi (masu magana 606,000), a gabashin Nijar kusa da N'guigmi da kuma arewa (masu magana 93,200). ^[2] Har ila yau, ana magana da shi kadan a Libya da kuma a Sudan, inda akwai al'umma mai magana 3,000 a birnin Omdurman ƴan ƙasashen waje da ke aiki a Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .

Yaruka na farko na harshen Dazaga guda biyu sune Daza da Kara, amma akwai wasu yarukan da dama da suke fahimtar juna, wadanda suka hada da Kaga, Kanobo, Taruge da Azza. Yana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da yaren Tedaga, wanda Teda ke magana, ɗayan daga cikin ƙungiyoyin mutanen Toubou guda biyu, waɗanda galibi ke zaune a tsaunin Tibesti na arewacin Chadi da kuma kudancin Libya kusa da birnin Sabha.^[3]

Dazaga yaren Nilo-Saharan ne kuma memba ne na reshen sahara na yammacin sahara na kungiyar sahara wanda kuma ya kunshi yaren Kanuri da Kanembu da harsunan Tebu . An kuma raba Tebu zuwa Tedaga da Dazaga. Reshen Saharan Gabashin ya ƙunshi yaren Zaghawa da harshen Berti.^[4]

Kalmomi

Yarukan da ake magana a Chadi da Nijar suna da tasirin Faransanci yayin da yarukan da ake magana a Libya da Sudan sun fi tasirin Larabci . Harshen Dazaga ba a al'adance rubuce-rubucen harshe ba ne amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan SIL ta samar da rubutun kalmomi. Yawancin masu jin Dazaga suna jin harsuna biyu ko na harsuna da yawa a cikin harshensu na asali tare da ko dai Larabci, Faransanci, Zaghawa, Hausa, Zarma, Kanuri ko Abzinawa . Don haka akwai aro da yawa daga wasu harsuna kamar Larabci, Hausa ko Faransanci. Misali, kalmar "na gode" an aro ta ne daga shokran Larabci kuma an shigar da ita cikin harshen ta hanyar yawanci ana bi da suffix -num alama na mutum na biyu. Tebura masu zuwa sun ƙunshi kalmomi daga yaren Daza da ake magana a Omdurman, Sudan. Wannan romanisation ba misali ba ne.

Lambobi

Turanci	Daga	Turanci	Daga
Daya	Tron	Goma sha ɗaya	Murdai sa Tron
Biyu	Jow	Goma sha biyu	Murdai sa Jow
Uku	Aguzo	Goma sha uku	Murdai sa Aguzo
Hudu	Twzo	Goma sha hudu	Murdai sa Twzo
Biyar	Foo	Goma sha biyar	Murdai sa Foo
Shida	Disi	Goma sha shida	Murdai sa Disi
Bakwai	Troso	Goma sha bakwai	Murdai sa Troso
Takwas	Woso	Goma sha takwas	Murdai sa Woso
Tara	Yisi	Goma sha tara	Murdai sa Yisi
Goma	Murdum	Ashirin	Digiram
Talatin	Murtta Aguzo	hamsin	Murtta Foo
Arba'in	Murtta Twzo	dari	Kidri

Kalmomi na asali da jimloli

Turanci	Daga	Turanci	Daga
mutum	Agni	Barka da Safiya	Wasa Nisira
mace	Ari	Barka da Dare	Kalar Sizoo
iyali	Ama tanga	na gode	alay barkantchân
ɗan'uwa	Daga	Sunana shi ne...	Tan Sortanjo
'yar'uwa	Duro	Menene sunanka?	Sornuma Ja? ko sonuma eni'
baba	Aba	Lafiya lau?	nere wasi?
mama	Aya	Ina lafiya	Kala Layy or Tan Wasu or wasa a'
aboki	Lao	Don Allah	toussowna
duniya	Dina	Ƙasa	Ni
mutu	Noso	Addini	Din
mutane	Amma	Mafi kyau	Bouré
Gabas	Mah	Yamma	Jeh
Arewa	Yallh	Kudu	Onoum

Fassarar sauti

Lahoton Daza shine kamar haka:^[5]

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
M	b	t d	tʃ dʒ	k ɡ
Ƙarfafawa	f	s z	( ʃ )		h
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Kaɗa		ɾ
Na gefe		l
Kusanci	w		j

Wasula

	Gaba	Tsakiya	Baya
Kusa	i		u
Kusa	ɪ		ʊ
Tsakar	e		o
Tsakar	ɛ		ɔ
Bude		a

Nassoshi

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Daza". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Daza at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
↑ Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963. The languages of Africa. International Journal of American Linguistics 29.1. Repr. The Hague: Mouton, 1966.
↑ Cyffer, Norbert. 2000. Linguistic properties of the Saharan languages. Areal and Genetic Factors in Language Classification and Description: Africa South of the Sahara, ed. by Petr Zima, 30–59. Lincom Studies in African Linguistics 47. München: Lincom Europa
↑ Walters, Josiah (2016). A Grammar of Dazaga.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

Abubuwan Dangantaka a Dazaga [1] Archived 2016-03-11 at the Wayback Machine Archived

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Daza". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[e26-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Daza at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)

[3] Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963. The languages of Africa. International Journal of American Linguistics 29.1. Repr. The Hague: Mouton, 1966.

[4] Cyffer, Norbert. 2000. Linguistic properties of the Saharan languages. Areal and Genetic Factors in Language Classification and Description: Africa South of the Sahara, ed. by Petr Zima, 30–59. Lincom Studies in African Linguistics 47. München: Lincom Europa

[5] Walters, Josiah (2016). A Grammar of Dazaga.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]