Madeleine Albright
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Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright ko Marie Jana Korbelová (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Mayu a shekara ta 1937 - Maris 23, shekarar 2022). Jami'ar diflomasiyyar Amurka ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka ta 64 daga shekara ta 1997 zuwa 2001. Memba ce ta jam'iyyar Democrat, ta kuma kasance jakadiyar Amurka a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga shekara ta 1993 zuwa 1997 duka a gwamnatin Clinton. Albright ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama sakatariyar Gwamnati.
Karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Albright ta yi hijira tare da danginta zuwa Amurka a cikin shekara ta 1948 daga Jamhuriyar Kwaminisanci Czechoslovakia. Mahaifinta, jami'in diflomasiyya Josef Korbel, ya zaunar da dangi a Denver, Colorado, kuma ta zama 'yar Amurka a shekara ta 1957.
Albright ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Wellesley a shekara ta1959 kuma ta sami digiri na uku daga Jami'ar Columbia a shekara ta 1975, tana rubuta kasidarta kan Spring Prague. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Sanata Edmund Muskie kafin ta sami matsayi a ƙarƙashin Zbigniew Brzezinski a Kwamitin Tsaro na Ƙasa. Ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi har zuwa shekara ta 1981, lokacin da Shugaba Jimmy Carter ya bar ofis.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan ta bar Majalisar Tsaro ta Ƙasa, Albright ta shiga sashin ilimi na Jami'ar Georgetown kuma ta shawarci 'yan takarar Democrat game da manufofin kasashen waje. Bayan nasarar Bill Clinton a zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 1992, Albright ta taimaka wajen hada kwamitin tsaron kasa.Shugaba Clinton ta naɗa ta a matsayin jakadiyar Amurka a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 1993. Ta rike wannan mukamin har zuwa shekarar 1997, inda ta zama sakatariyar harkokin wajen kasar. Albright tayi aiki a wannan matsayin har sai Clinton ya bar ofis a shekarar 2001.
Albright ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Albright Stonebridge Group, kamfanin tuntuɓar, kuma ita ce Farfesa Michael da Virginia Mortara Wanda aka baiwa Farfesa a cikin Ayyukan Diflomasiya a Makarantar Sabis na Harkokin Waje na Jami'ar Georgetown. Shugaban Amurka Barack Obama ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci a watan Mayun shekara ta 2012. Albright tayi aiki a hukumar kula da hulda da kasashen waje.
Digiri na girmamawa da kyaututtuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]_Square_in_Prishtin%C3%AB,_Kosovo.jpg)
Albright ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Brandeis a shekara ta (1996), Jami'ar Washington a shekara ta (2002), Kwalejin Smith a shekara ta (2003), Jami'ar Washington a St. Louis a shekara ta (2003), Jami'ar Winnipeg a shekara ta (2005), Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill a shekara ta (2007), Kwalejin Knox a shekara ta (2008), Kwalejin Dickinson a shekara ta (2014), da Jami'ar Tufts a shekara ta (2015).
A cikin a shekara ta 1998, an kuma shigar da Albright cikin Babban Taron Mata na Ƙasa. Albright ita ce mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Hanno R. Ellenbogen ta zama 'yar ƙasa ta Prague Society for International Cooperation. A cikin watan Maris a shekara ta 2000 Albright ta sami lambar yabo ta Azurfa ta Jan Masaryk a wani biki a Prague wanda Gidauniyar Bohemian da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Czech suka dauki nauyi. A cikin shekarar 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Babban Fame na Mata na Colorado.
An kuma zaɓi Albright don farkon shekarar 2021 Forbes 50 Sama da 50; wanda ta ƙunshi ƴan kasuwa, shugabanni, masana kimiyya, da masu ƙirƙira waɗanda suka haura shekaru 50.
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Albright ta auri Joseph Albright a shekara ta 1959.[1] Ma’auratan sun haifi ‘ya’ya mata uku kafin su rabu a shekarar 1982. Ta taso Roman Katolika, amma ta koma Cocin Episcopal a lokacin aurenta a shekarar 1959. Iyayenta sun tuba daga addinin Yahudanci zuwa Katolika a cikin shekara ta 1941, a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, yayin da har yanzu suke cikin Czechoslovakia, a ƙoƙarin guje wa tsananta wa Yahudawa kafin su ƙaura zuwa Amurka ba su taɓa tattauna zuriyarsu ta Yahudawa da ita daga baya ba.
Lokacin da jaridar Washington Post ta ba da rahoto game da al'adun Yahudawa na Albright jim kaɗan bayan ta zama Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 1997, Albright ta ce rahoton "babban abin mamaki ne". Albright ta ce ba ta koyi ba har sai da ta kai shekara 59 cewa iyayenta duka an haife su kuma sun girma a cikin iyalan Yahudawa. Kimanin danginta goma sha biyu a Czechoslovakia—ciki har da kakaninta uku—an kashe su a cikin Holocaust.
Baya ga Ingilishi, Rashanci, da Czech, Albright ta yi magana da Faransanci, Jamusanci, Yaren mutanen Poland, da Serbo-Croatian. Ta kuma fahimci harshen Slovak.
Albright ta ambaci yanayin lafiyar jikinta da tsarin motsa jiki a cikin tambayoyi da yawa.A cikin shekarar 2006, ta ce tana da ikon yin danna ƙafa 400 pounds (180 kg). An jera Albright a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hamsin mafi kyawun sutura sama da 50 ta The Guardian a cikin watan Maris a shekara ta 2013.
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Albright ta mutu daga cutar kansa a Washington, DC, a ranar 23 ga watan Maris, a shekara 2022, tana da shekaru 84. ’Yan siyasa da dama sun jinjina mata, ciki har da shugaban kasa Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama da Joe Biden, da kuma tsohon firaministan Burtaniya Tony Blair.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Albright, 2003, p. 47.