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Mutanen Ngwa

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Mutanen Ngwa
Yankuna masu yawan jama'a
Najeriya

Mutanen Ngwa (a asali: Nde Ṅgwàfrfr) suna dadaga cikin ƴan ƙabilar Igbo waɗanda suke rayuwa yankin Kudancin Ƙasar Inyamurai. Galibin Mutanen Ngwa sun fito daga jihar Abia yawansu ya kai kimanin 314,840 a shekarar 1963. Ana samun Ngwa cikin kimanin murabba'i 1,328 kilomita[1] sune mutanen Igbo mafi girma a yankin.

Tana da iyaka da Kogin Imo a yamma, da kuma mutanen Anang-Ibibio a gabas. Asa da mutanen Ndoki suna da iyaka a kudu. Ƙasar Ngwa na iyaka da mutanen Ubakala da Olokoro a arewa da Isuorgu a yankin arewa maso gabas.

Sauran sun haɗa da Ohanjoku da Amadioha. A Ngwa kafin mulkin mallaka, al’ummar Okonko da Ekpe sun kasance masu tilasta bin doka. Bukukuwan da ake yi a ƙasar Ngwa sun haɗa da bikin Ekpe da Owu da na wasan kwaikwayo na Ikoro.

Mutanen Ngwa suna magana da yaren Ngwa. Yawancinsu Kiristoci ne, amma kuma suna yin addinin al'ada da wasu al'adun. Mutanen Ngwa dai mafi yawan su manoma ne, inda suke noman amfanin gona irin su dawa, rogo, koko da kuma noman Kwakwar manja. An fara shigo da ƙarfe don yin fartanya da adduna a kusan ƙarni na 16 da 19.

Tarihin Ngwa

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Asalinsu da kuma hijirarsu

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Mutanen Ngwa wani yanki ne na mutanen Isuama da ke zaune a yankin Orlu.[2] Waɗanda suka kafa ƙasar Ngwa da sauran ƙabilun Ibo sun yi hijira daga Umunoha ta hanyar Ama-Igbo inda suka isa Ezinihitte ba tare da sanin kwanan wata ba saboda ƙaruwar al’umma a yankin Owerri da kuma buƙatar gonakin noma sababbi.[3] Wasu ƙabilun sun koma arewa zuwa cikin Umuahia, Etiti da Mbano yayin da waɗanda suka kafa ƙasar Ngwa da Ohuhu suka koma kudu zuwa kogin Imo.[2][3]

Bayan sun isa gaɓar yammacin kogin Imo, ƙabilar ta sha wuya da gajiya, suka yanke shawarar ci. Ƴan'uwa uku; Ngwaukwu da Nwoha da Avosi da sauri suka dafa doya suka tsallaka kogin Imo gaban abokan tafiyarsu; kogin Imo ya kawo wannan yasa ya tare abokan tafiyarsu.[1] Mutanen Ngwa sun fara zama ne a Okpuala Ngwa inda suka fara al’adar tsafi ta farko.[1] An ce mutanen Ngwa sun kori mutanen Ibibio da Ibeme da ke tuka su zuwa gabas.[1]

Bayan sun zauna a Okpuala Ngwa, wadanda suka kafa Ngwaland sun kirkiro kauyuka takwas na asali - Ntigha-Okpuala, Eziala-Nsulu, Amaku-Nvosi, Amauha Ovokwu, Umuokwu Mbutu, Orie-Afo Umuoha, Okpu Ngwa Ovunkwu da Okpuala-Ngwa.[3][3] Bayan kafa yankunan ƙauyuka da mutanen Ngwa suka yi, sai suka gangara zuwa gabas na Ngwaland suka ƙara zuwa yankin arewa maso yamma da kudu.[3] Wasu manoman Ngwa sun zauna a arewa maso yammacin yankin Ngwa na yanzu kafin a fara cinikin bayi na Atlantic amma yankin ya ga an kafa wasu ƙauyuka da ƙaruwar yawan jama'a daga ƙarni na 26 zuwa goma 19. [4] Sun kara yin hijira zuwa yankunan Ndoki, Asa da Bonny a kusan ƙarni na 14.[3][3]

Kafin mulkin mallaka, da kuma bayan mulkin mallaka

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Mutanen Aro sun samu shiga Ngwaland ta hanyar ƴan ƙabilar Okonko waɗanda suka fito daga yankin Efik - Ibibio.[5] An kafa hanyoyin kasuwanci a Bende, Umuahia da Aba.[5] Domin biyan buƙatar bayi daga Bight Biafra, Ngwa mutanen da Long Juju sun yi Allah wadai da rashin bin dokokin Ngwaland da mutanen da mambobin ƙabilar Okonko suka yi garkuwa da su a Ngwaland.[3]

Mutanen Ngwa sun yi hulɗa da Birtaniya a lokacin da aka hana cinikin bayi; wannan ya bada damar kafa ofishin jakadancin farko a Obegu a 1895.[6] An mai da ƙasar Ngwa ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka bayan Yaƙin Anglo-Aro a 1901.[4] An koma da hedikwatar runduna da gundumar Ndokiland zuwa Aba-Ngwa a cikin 1902 da 1903 bi da bi.[7]

A cikin ƙarni na 21, an raba ƙasar Ngwa zuwa ƙananan hukumomi takwas.[8]

Yanayin Ƙasa

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Mutanen Ngwa suna zaune ne a kudancin ƙasar Igbo kuma mafi yawan al'ummar Igbo da suka mamaye faɗin ƙasa kimanin1,328 square kilometres (513 sq mi)[1] da ƙiyasin yawan jama'a 314,840 a 1963.[9] Ƙasar Ngwa tana da iyaka da Kogin Imo a yamma, da kuma mutanen Anang-Ibibio a gabas. Mutanen Asa da Ndoki suna da iyaka a kudu. Ƙasar Ngwa tayi iyaka da mutanen Ubakala da Olokoro a arewa da Isuorgu a yankin arewa maso gabas.[3] Ƙasar Ngwa ta kasu kashi huɗu; arewa, kudu, arewa maso yamma da kuma gabas Ngwa.[3]Ƙasar Ngwa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin ƙasa mai faɗin ƙasar noma mai tsayi mafi tsayi na ƙafa 100 a cikin rafin kogin Aza a kudu maso gabas tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na inci 80 zuwa inci 100 da matsakaicin zafin shekara na digiri 80 na Fahrenheit.[10]Ƙasar tana da yanayi mai zafi tare da rabe-raben yanayi tsakanin lokacin rani, tare da lokacin damina yana kasancewa daga Maris zuwa Nuwamba.[8][4]

Akwai manyan magudanan ruwa guda uku a Ƙasar Ngwa; Kogin Imo, kogin Azi mai tasowa a yankin Umuahia da kuma kogin Oji wanda ke tasowa a Nsirimo a Ubakala.[3]

A ƙarni na 21, ana samun mutanen Ngwa a ƙananan hukumomi tara na jihar Abia, wato: Obingwa, Osisioma Ngwa, Isiala Ngwa ta Arewa, Isiala Ngwa Kudu, Aba ta Arewa, Ugwunagbo, Aba ta Kudu, Ukwa ta Gabas da Ukwa ta Yamma.[8]

Al'ada

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Lokacin kafin mulkin mallaka ƙasar Ngwa sun kasance masu yin addinin Afirka kuma suna bauta wa gumakansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adarsu. Dawa, masara, rogo, koko, kayan lambu, lemu, kwakwar manja, ƴaƴan itatuwa sune galibi ababe da ake nomawa a gonakinsu don abinci.[8] Maza a Ƙsar Ngwa su ne kawai aka bawa izinin yin magana a manyan tarurrukan ƙauyen a yayin da ake tattauna al'amuran jama'a yayin da matan aure ke gudanar da taron ƙauye inda suke tattauna al'amuran cikin gida.[4] Mutanen Ngwa suna auren mata fiye da daya.[11] Mutanen Ngwa sun yi imani da haɓakawa da sake sake halitta kuma sun yi imani cewa haihuwa ta hanyar aure ita ce kawai hanyar sake maimaita halitta.[11] Ƙungiyoyin sirri na Ekpe da Okonko sun kasance ƙungiyoyin tabbatar da ɗabi'a a cikin Ngwaland kafin mulkin mallaka, kamar yadda shawarar da majalisar zuri'a ta cimma ta aiwatar da su.[12] An gabatar da al’ummar Ekpe da Okonko zuwa Ngwaland ta hanyar Aros kuma asalinsu daga makwabtan su a Cross River.[12] An kebe al'ummar okonkone kawai ga maza.[4] Matan da ba su yi aure ba a wasu lokutan ana shigar da su cikin mgbede don yin kwas na abinci mai gina jiki da nufin ƙwari da shirya musu aure da masu neman aure.[13][14]

Ekpe da Owu suna cikin yin bukukuwan rufe fuska kowace shekara a Ngwaland.[1] Agwu-Ikoro, wani bangare na bikin noma na Ikoro ya shahara a tsakanin ƙauyukan Mbutu da ke ƙasar Ngwa.[1] Bikin raye-rayen Ekpe bikin addini ne na shekara-shekara a tsakanin mutanen Ngwa (ban da Obioma Ngwa.[15] ) mai tasiri a cikin Umuahia da tsagen Owerri.[15][16] Asalinsa daga Aros, [15] ana yin shi a ranar kasuwar Eke. A Obingwa, bikin Ikoro — wasan kwaikwayo na tufafi wanda ake amfani da Ikoro don yin wasan kwaikwayon.[15] - ana yin shi a madadin Ekpe.[15]

Adabi da kuma Harshe

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Ana amfani da shi azaman hanyar sadarwa ta kasuwanci, tatsuniyoyi, taron al'umma da ƙauye da nishaɗi tare da Standard Igbo shine yaren da aka fi so don gudanarwa da ilimi.[17] Yaren Ngwa an sanya shi a matsayin yaren Igboid a ƙarƙashin sabuwar dangin Benue Kong na iri ɗaya da juna na Nijar Kongo kuma a cikin rukunin yarukan kudu maso gabas.[17][18]

Addini

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Kafin zuwan Turawan Ingila, mutanen Ngwa suna bauta wa gumakan da suka kasance ƴan asalin ƙauyensu wanda Chineke a matsayin Ubangiji ya kasance kuma har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa mafi ƙarfi a cikin sauran alloli. Sauran alloli sun haɗa da Ohanjoku da Amadioha.[8]Ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, mishanari na Kirista sun canza yawancin mutanen Ngwa daga addininsu na asali zuwa Kiristanci musamman, Adventist na kwana bakwai, Anglican da Katolika.[8]A cikin ƙarni na 21, yawancin mutanen Ngwa Kiristoci ne da ke da ƴan ƙalilan masu yin addinin Ngwa na gargajiya.[8] tare da Okpuala Ngwa kasancewar babban birnin irin waɗannan aaddinan.[1]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Amankulor 1977.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mgbeoji 2006.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Oriji 1981.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Martin 1984.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Oriji 1983.
  6. ↑ Morgan 1955.
  7. ↑ Nwosu 1998.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Ekpendu & Akwarandu 2019.
  9. ↑ Oriji 1982.
  10. ↑ Nwabughuogu 1984.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ukaegbu 1976.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Kalu 1977.
  13. ↑ "Fattening tradition in South Eastern Nigeria". Vanguard. 6 March 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  14. ↑ "Igbo culture: Kedụ uru iru mgbede bara n'ala Igbo?". BBC Igbo (in Igbo). 19 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Ukaegbu 1996.
  16. ↑ "Ekpe Festival Of The Ngwas". The Post Express. 2001. Retrieved 10 November 2023 – via AllAfrica.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Asuoha, Omego & Isaac.
  18. ↑ Ugorji 2019.
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