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Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya
movement in cinema (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na New Wave film (en) Fassara
Facet of (en) Fassara Sinima a Najeriya
Ƙasa Najeriya
Lokacin farawa 2001

Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya (wanda kuma aka sani da New Wave ko kuma taƙaddada kamar Sabuwar Nollywood ) wani yanki ne mai tasowa a cikin Sinimar Najeriya, wanda a ciki ya zama babban canji a cikin hanyar shirya fim, daga Tsarin bidiyon, wanda ya samo asali a lokacin faifan bidiyon, ya koma kan hanyar sinima, wanda ya ƙunshi fina -finan da aka yi a zamanin Golden na tarihin sinima na Najeriya.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The films in the New Wave are specifically characterized by improved narrative complexity, aesthetic nuance, much higher budgets and advanced overall production values, when compared to video films from the second generation of filmmakers.[7][8] Fina -finan da ke cikin Sabuwar Wave an keɓance su musamman ta ingantaccen rikitaccen labari, kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa, kasafin kuɗi mafi girma da ƙimar samarwa gabaɗaya, idan aka kwatanta da fina -finan bidiyo daga ƙarni na biyu na masu shirya fina -finai. [7] Galibi ana sakin su a wasan kwaikwayo, kodayake wasu har yanzu ana sakin su kai tsaye akan DVD .

Tun farkon shekarun 2000, an gudanar da tattaunawa da taro da dama, dangane da yadda za a sake fasalin masana'antar fim ta Najeriya da kuma kawo ƙarin ƙwararru kamar yadda ake yi a zamanin zinare. A cikin wannan lokacin, wasu sauran masu shirya fina -finai, kamar Tunde Kelani da Tade Ogidan sun yi ƙoƙarin yin fina -finan "watsewa", waɗanda ake ganin sun bambanta da na yau da kullun. Kamfanin samar da akwatin akwatin Amstel Malta wanda yanzu ya lalace shima ya yi fina -finai da yawa da nufin kawo canji. Koyaya, duk waɗannan fina -finan an kuma samar da su a cikin tsarin bidiyo iri ɗaya da sauran masu shirya fina -finan suka yi amfani da shi, duk da yana da ingantattun labaru da ingantattun kwatance. Sabuwar Cinema ta Najeriya a ƙarshe ta fito a tsakiyar shekarun 2000 tare da sakin fina-finai kamar Irapada (2006) da The Amazing Grace (2006). The Figurine (2009) na Kunle Afolayan gaba ɗaya ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin fim ɗin ɓarna, wanda ya haɓaka hankalin kafofin watsa labarai game da juyin juya halin '' New Nigerian Cinema '', saboda nasarorinsa da nasarorin kasuwanci a Najeriya, gami da nuna fina -finai a cikin bukukuwan fina -finai na duniya.

Shekaru ƙalilan cikin shekarun 2000, Najeriya ta fara samun ci gaban gidajen sinima, wanda aka tsara shi da farko don masu matsakaicin matsayi da na sama. Rukunin Silverbird shine kamfani na farko da ya ƙaddamar da jerin gidajen Cinema na zamani a fadin manyan biranen Najeriya, galibi suna cikin yankuna masu wadata da gundumomi. Ta ƙaddamar da sarƙoƙin silima a 2004, farawa daga Silverbird Galleria a Victoria Island, Legas . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kafa gidajen silima na Silverbird, an kuma ƙaddamar da Cinemas na Genesis Deluxe da Ozone Cinemas, wanda ya haifar da gasa a harkar fim. [9] Da yawa daga baya, a cikin shekarun 2010, gidajen silima na Fina -finai da gidajen sinima na Viva suma sun shigo cikin hoton, wanda ya haifar da samun wadatattun gidajen sinima a cikin ƙasar, kuma mafi mahimmanci, samuwa a wajen unguwannin masu wadata.

Tun daga 2006, akwai kuɗaɗen shirin “Project Nollywood” da dama da Gwamnatin Najeriya ta bayar, ga masu shirya fina -finai, don taimakawa samar da fina -finai masu inganci, da kuma taimakawa kayayyakin raye -raye yadda ya kamata a duk fadin kasar. An kuma yi amfani da tallafin don taimakawa ƙarin masu shirya fina -finan Najeriya don zuwa horo a makarantun fim. Kamar yadda yake a 2020, mafi girman fim a tarihin fim na zamani na Najeriya shine Omo Ghetto: The Saga (2020), wanda ya kai kusan ₦ 636 miliyan. Tun daga shekarar 2013, an kimanta sinima ta Najeriya a matsayin masana'antar fim mafi daraja ta uku a duniya dangane da kimarta da yawan kuɗaɗen shiga da take samu.

Farko

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Tun farkon shekarun 2000, an gudanar da tattaunawa da taro da dama, dangane da yadda za a sake farfado da masana'antar fim ta Najeriya da kawo ƙarin ƙwararru kamar yadda ake yi a shekarun 1970 . A wannan lokacin, wasu masu shirya fina -finai sun yi ƙoƙarin yin fina -finan "watsewa", waɗanda suka sha bamban da na al'ada; irin fina -finan sun hada da: Thunderbolt (2001) na Tunde Kelani, Tagwaye Masu Haihuwa (2004) na Tade Ogidan, Madam dearest (2005) da Tade Ogidan da 30 Days ta Mildred Okwo da sauran su. Kamfanin samar da akwatin akwatin Amstel Malta wanda yanzu ya lalace shima ya yi fina -finai da yawa da nufin kawo canji. Koyaya, duk waɗannan fina -finan an kuma samar da su a cikin tsarin bidiyo iri ɗaya da sauran masu shirya fina -finan suka yi amfani da shi, duk da yana da ingantattun labaru da ingantattun kwatance. [10] [11][12][10][11]

Dawowar silima

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A zamanin Golden Age, al'adun sinima ya yi fice a tsakanin 'yan Najeriya. Koyaya, al'adar ta fara raguwa zuwa ƙarshen 1980s kuma kasuwancin sinima ya lalace cikin shekarun 1990. Shekaru kalilan cikin karni na 21, Najeriya ta fara samun ci gaban gidajen sinima, wanda aka tsara shi da farko don matsakaiciya da babba. Rukunin Silverbird shine kamfani na farko da ya ƙaddamar da jerin gidajen Cinema na zamani a fadin manyan biranen Najeriya, galibi suna cikin yankuna masu wadata da gundumomi. [13] [9] Ta ƙaddamar da sarƙoƙin silima a 2004, farawa daga Silverbird Galleria a Victoria Island, Legas . Silverbird Galleria babban kantin siyayya ne, tare da babban gidan sinima da kantuna daban-daban inda ake gudanar da ayyukan kasuwanci. Wannan yana ba da ƙarin dalilai don ziyartar wurin fiye da kallon fina -finai kawai, amma mafi yawan ayyukan zamantakewa da irin nishaɗin da aka gyara fiye da kallon fim. Wannan yanayin ya ba da ƙarin bayani mai yiwuwa game da rasuwar al'adun silima na Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1980, wanda wataƙila ya kasance sakamakon fitowar mafi yawan gidajen sinima na zamanin Golden.

Gidajen silima na Silverbird bayan kafa su sun fara tantance fina-finan Najeriya tare da ingantattun shirye -shiryen fim, sakamakon haka ya sa ba a samun nasarar shirya fina -finai marasa kyau; al'adun sinima a garuruwan Najeriya tare da gidajen sinima sun fara samun ci gaba mai mahimmanci, kuma tare da dimbin damar. Duk da haka, fina -finan Najeriya da aka samar da kyau kaɗan ne kaɗan a lokacin; ko a wancan lokacin, yawancin fina-finan da aka nuna an shirya su da yaren Yarabawa, saboda sun jawo hankalin mutane da yawa, idan aka kwatanta da fim ɗin Turanci na yau da kullun wanda galibi ba shi da masu kallo lokacin da aka nuna shi. Sabon fim na farko da aka nuna a gidan sinima shine fim ɗin yaren Yarabawa Irapada (2006) na Kunle Afolayan, wanda aka haska shi a Silverbird Galleria a Legas.

Gwajin Silverbird ya yi nasara sosai, kuma a sakamakon haka, ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da ƙarin rassan silima a Legas da sauran biranen ƙasar. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kafa gidajen silima na Silverbird, an kuma ƙaddamar da Cinemas ɗin Genesis Deluxe da Cinemas na Ozone don ƙirƙirar gasa a harkar fim. Duk da haka, gidajen sinima da aka fara har yanzu ba su da ikon kula da su, saboda yawancin su an kafa su ne a cikin wuraren da ke kan gaba; [9] "Ba shi da ma'ana mutane su yi tafiya mai nisa don nishadantar da kallon fina -finai, musamman tare da matsalolin zirga -zirgar ababen hawa da dabaru", in ji Jide Kosoko, yana matsawa don kafa gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a cikin unguwannin ciki da na cikin gida. Yankunan Gwamnati. [9] Da yawa daga baya, a cikin shekarun 2010, gidajen sinima na FilmHouse suma sun shigo cikin hoton, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin gidajen sinima a cikin ƙasar da samuwa a wajen unguwannin masu wadata.

Kuɗin gwamnatin Nollywood

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A shekarar 2006, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ƙaddamar da "Project Nollywood", tare da bankin Ecobank . Aikin ya bayar da ₦ 100 million (US $ 781,000) ga masu shirya fina -finan Najeriya don shirya fina -finai masu inganci. Fina-finan da aka samar da wannan tallafin sun haɗa da: An Kama Charles Novia A Tsakiya (2007), Chico Ejiro 's 100 Days In The Jungle (2007) da kuma wasiƙun Fred Amata zuwa Baƙo (2007), waɗanda duk aka samar da su ta amfani da sinima na dijital. Bankin Ecobank ya kuma tallafa wa cibiyar rarraba miliyoyin Naira a duk faɗin ƙasar a wannan lokacin.

A shekara ta 2010, gwamnatin Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ta ƙaddamar da Asusun Shiga da Ƙirƙiri Industry 30 biliyan (dalar Amurka miliyan 200), wanda Bankin Masana'antu (BOI) ya tallafa masa, tare da bankin fitarwa da shigo da kaya na Najeriya (NEXIM) . Wannan tallafin, kodayake an yi masa lakabi da "Nollywood Project", an yi shi ne ga dukkan fannonin Fasaha da Nishaɗi na Najeriya. Hasashen tallafin ga masana'antar fim duk da haka shine don taimakawa ƙarin masu shirya fina -finan Najeriya a horo, kuɗi, da kuma taimakawa wajen samar da abubuwan more rayuwa masu mahimmanci ga masana'antar. Ofaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin rarraba da aka kafa ta wannan rancen shine Cinemas na FilmHouse. An fara ta Kene Mparu da Kene Okwuosa a 2012, sarkar silima kamar a 2014 tana da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na zamani a garuruwa huɗu na Najeriya, waɗanda suka haɗa da Legas, Ibadan, Asaba da Calabar, tare da shirin samun aƙalla gidajen sinima 25 a duk faɗin ƙasar. Sauran kamfanonin rarraba da suka ci gajiyar tallafin sun haɗa da: Sinimomi na Silverbird, Cinemas na Ozone, Viva Cinemas da G-Media. Fim din Doctor Bello na 2012 (2012) na Tony Abulu shine fim na farko da aka samar da wannan tallafin.

A cikin 2013, an ba da ƙaramin sabon tallafin billion 3 biliyan (dalar Amurka miliyan 20) don Nollywood kawai, kuma musamman don shirya fina -finai masu inganci. Sauran fina -finan da suka amfana daga kyautar "Project Nollywood" ko wani sun haɗa da: Yarinyar Furanni (2013), Rabin Yellow Sun (2013) da Sashen (2015). An kuma dauki nauyin masu shirya fina -finai da dama don horar da su a makarantun fim da wannan tallafin.

A cikin 2015, Bankin Masana'antu (BOI) ya ƙaddamar da wani shirin "NollyFund" da nufin ba da tallafin kuɗi ta hanyar lamuni ga masu shirya fim. An kafa Rukunin Bayar da Shawara na NollyFund don shirin, don tabbatar da cewa rubutattun hanyoyin kasuwanci kawai tare da ingantattun labaru na cin gajiyar shirin. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi ƙwararrun masu kula da sinima, masu rarraba fina-finai na ƙasa, ƙwararrun masana kan samarwa da samarwa, masu sukar fim, da masu shirya fim; maƙasudin su kawai shine yin nazari sosai kan duk rubutun fim da kasafin kuɗi mai alaƙa da masu shirya fina -finai suka miƙa wa Bankin Masana'antu tare da yin "shawarwarin fasaha ga gudanarwa don tantance ƙimar kuɗi na ƙarshe da amincewa ta gaba daidai da Manufofin Bankin".

Kashewa

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Shahararren fim mai ban sha'awa na 2009 The Figurine galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai canza wasan, wanda ya ɗaga hankalin kafofin watsa labarai zuwa ga “ Sabuwar Cinema ta Najeriya ”. Fim din ya kasance muhimmiyar nasara da kasuwanci a Najeriya, kuma an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina -finai na duniya. Fim din Ijé na Chineze Anyaene na shekarar 2010, ya zarce The Figurine ya zama fim mafi girma a Najeriya ; [14] rikodin da ta riƙe na tsawon shekaru huɗu, har zuwa lokacin da Rabin Yellow Sun (2013) ya mamaye shi. Sauran shahararrun fina -finan da aka saki a farkon shekarun wannan juyi sun haɗa da: The Amazing Grace (2006) by Jeta Amata, Through the Glass (2008) by Stephanie Okereke, Anchor Baby (2010) by Lonzo Nzekwe, Inale (2010) na Jeta Amata, Tango tare da Ni (2010) na Mahmood Ali-Balogun da The Mirror Boy (2011) na Obi Emelonye, da sauran su.

A ƙarshen shekarar 2013, an bayar da rahoton cewa masana'antar fina -finai ta sami karɓuwa sosai na kudaden shiga na tiriliyan 1.72 (dalar Amurka biliyan 11). Tun daga shekarar 2014, masana'antar ta kai ₦ 853.9 biliyan ( dalar Amurka biliyan 5.1) wanda ya sa ta zama masana'antar fim mafi daraja ta uku a duniya, bayan Amurka da Indiya . Ta ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 1.4% ga tattalin arzikin Najeriya; [15] an danganta wannan da karuwar yawan fina -finai masu inganci da aka samar da ƙarin hanyoyin rarrabawa.

Shiri

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Jarumi Wale Ojo, ɗaya daga cikin masu fafutuka kuma babban mai goyon bayan ƙungiyar New Nigerian Cinema movement ya bayyana ƙungiyar a matsayin "daukaka fim na Najeriya - manyan dabi'un samarwa, kyawawan labarai masu karfi, labaran da ke kama ainihin wanene mu a matsayin 'yan Najeriya, kamar yadda 'yan Afirka [. . . ] Sabuwar ƙungiya ce, sake farfadowa ce, sake haihuwa ce idan kuna so - wataƙila har ma da juyawa zuwa 70s amma a bayyane yake da ƙyalli na zamani, ƙyalli na zamani zuwa gare shi - kuma yana da ban sha'awa, ". Mai shirya fim Victor Okhai ya ce: "Ana sa ran ingancin fina -finan zai inganta. Muna kan wani matakin da ba za mu iya sake yin tsaka -tsaki ba ".

Ba kamar zamanin fim ɗin Bidiyo ba, fina -finai a cikin sabon igiyar galibi suna da inganci sosai, tare da manyan kasafin kuɗi; matsakaita tsakanin ₦ 40 miliyan (US $ 250,000) da ₦ 120 miliyan ($ 750,000). Waɗannan lokutan samarwa fina-finan suna ɗaukar watanni har ma sun kai tsawon shekaru, nesa ba kusa ba daga fina -finai a cikin tsarin bidiyo wanda galibi ana harbe su cikin kwanaki ko makonni. Sauran ingantattun ci gaban da aka samu a cikin Sabuwar Nollywood sun haɗa da: ƙarin wasan kwaikwayo na dabara daga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, daban-daban daga bayyananniyar waƙar da ta ƙunshi zamanin bidiyo; mafi amfani; karin labaru masu ma'ana da gabaɗaya. [1]

Jigogin da aka bincika a cikin waɗannan fina -finan galibi ana nuna su da jigogi na duniya, saboda yawancin masu shirya fina -finai matasa ne. Misali, Figurine yana da labari wanda ya ƙunshi jigogi na allahntaka kama da matsakaicin fim ɗin bidiyo; duk da haka an kammala shi da karkatacciyar ma'ana mai ma'ana wacce aka yi muhawara ta nazari.

Rarraba

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Tsarin haƙƙin mallaka da rarrabawa da ya dace har yanzu ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da ke cikin Sabon Cinema na Najeriya; wannan ya samo asali ne saboda rashin isasshen gidajen sinima, don haka ya sa yana da wahala musamman (kodayake ba zai yiwu ba) ga masu shirya fim su dawo da jarin su. Kamar a shekarar 2014, Najeriya tana da gidajen sinima 23 kacal, tare da fuska kusan dari. Wannan ƙaramin ƙarami ne ga yawan mutane miliyan 170, tare da ɗalibin ɗalibai masu tasowa da sauri. Fiye da haka, ƙanana kaɗan don ci gaba da babban masana'antar fim. [16]

Sakamakon ƙasa samun riba ta hanyar samun kudin shiga na silima kawai, da yawa daga cikin sabbin masu shirya fina -finan sun koma ɗaukar nauyin tallafawa da sanya kayayyakin a matsayin hanyar dawo da kudaden da ake samarwa. Misali irin waɗannan masu shirya fina -finai shine Kunle Afolayan, wanda ya bayyana cewa tallafawa zai iya kashe kusan kashi 30 zuwa 50 na kasafin fim. Afolayan musamman ya kuma raya dabi'ar nuna fina-finansa a zauren jama'a da gidajen kallo, musamman a wuraren da babu gidajen sinima. [14] Tunde Kelani wani fitaccen ɗan fim ne wanda galibi yana amfani da wannan hanyar rarraba. Wata hanyar da masu shirya fina-finai ke amfani da ita wajen dawo da saka hannun jari ita ce ta shirya manyan tsare-tsare masu zaman kansu na ƙungiyoyin kamfanoni, tare da shiga yarjejeniya tare da cibiyoyin sadarwar TV da masu watsa shirye-shirye a duk faɗin nahiyar. Hakanan ana samun haƙƙin fim na kan layi ta Bidiyo akan dandamali na buƙata a duk faɗin nahiyar da bayanta. [16] [14]

Wasu sauran masu shirya fina -finai suma sun juya hanyar yin niyya ga kasuwannin da suka bunƙasa na ƙasashen waje, ta hanyar nuna membobin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasashen waje - misalai: Black Nuwamba (2012) na Jeta Amata, Doctor Bello (2013) na Tony Abulu da Rabin Yellow Sun (2013) na Biyi Bandele ; wannan dabarar, wacce da farko ta zama kamar “hanya mai sauƙi” duk da haka ana ganin ba za ta iya wanzuwa ba, kuma galibin fina -finan a zahiri ba su iya yin karya ko da a cikin niyya kasuwanni. [17] A lokutan baya -bayan nan, an kuma tattauna kan kafa gidajen rahusa masu tsada da bude gidajen sinima a unguwanni, kamar a shekarun 1970; babu wanda ya kasance ya kasance a zahiri kamar na 2015.

Tun daga farkon shekarun Sabuwar Wave har zuwa yau, ana ɗaukar DVD ɗin yanki ne "ba tafi", saboda ƙeta haƙƙin mallaka a cikin ƙasar. Ba tare da bata lokaci ba, "New Nollywood" ya zama daidai da jinkirin sakin DVD, gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar shekaru uku ko huɗu kafin sakin. Wannan gabaɗaya saboda masu shirya fina -finai sun yi niyyar haɓaka riba kafin a sake su akan DVD, wanda ba shi da fa'ida a yanzu. Wasu masu shirya fina -finai sun kuma yi imanin cewa mafi kyawun fina -finan an fi ƙuntata su ga gidajen sinima, saboda abin ba'a ne a yi irin wannan ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙoƙarin don kawai fina -finan su ɓace cikin "ƙungiyoyin fina -finai marasa amfani" waɗanda har yanzu suna da yawa kamar na 2012, duk da motsi na Sabon Cinema. Wannan ra'ayi ya sanya nunawa a gidajen sinima su zama kamar ma'auni ga masu kallo don gane fim ɗin da za a buga ko a rasa. Koyaya, saɓanin a zamanin fim ɗin bidiyo inda aka bar yawancin masu yin fim don jinƙai na "sharks masana'antu da 'yan fashin teku" waɗanda suka ci ribar ƙirarsu, cikakkun bayanai na tallace-tallace da dawowar akwatin ofisoshin yanzu an fi kiyaye su, don haka ƙirƙirar nau'in mai saka hannun jari-amincewa. sashin fim na yanzu da ba a saba gani ba.

Tauye Haƙƙin mallaka

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Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da aka karɓi ƙungiyar New Nigerian Cinema, rashin lafiyar keta haƙƙin mallaka ya hanzarta kamawa da fina -finan da aka yi a wannan zamanin. Da farko, an kwafi fina -finan nan da nan bayan faifan DVD ɗin su; misalan fina -finan da aka ba da babbar kulawa ta kafofin watsa labarai saboda cin zarafi sun haɗa da: Maami (2011) na Tunde Kelani da Rabin Yellow Sun. Al’amarin ya zama babban abin damuwa a cikin ƙasa a cikin 2015, bayan 1 ga Oktoba (2014) da Kunle Afolayan ya bugu tun ma kafin a sake shi akan DVD. Wannan juzu'in abubuwan ya haifar da tambayoyi da yawa kan yadda hakan zai yiwu, da damuwa kan amincin kwafin fim da ake aikawa gidajen gidajen sinima don nunawa.

Dalilin take haƙƙin mallaka an danganta shi da dalilai daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da: rashin sarrafa abun ciki ta hanyar masu rarrabawa, waɗanda suka kasa aiwatar da “dabarun yaƙi da fashin teku”, da kuma raunin gwamnati. Hukumar Fina -finai da Bidiyo ta Kasa (NFVCB) sun tsara manufofi da dama don dakile cin zarafi, wanda yawancinsu ba su da wani tasiri ko kaɗan. Hukumar haƙƙin mallaka ta Najeriya (NCC) ita ma ta himmatu wajen bin masu cin zarafi, tare da kafa ayyuka kamar "Strategic Action Against Piracy (STRAP)". Koyaya, an ba da rahoton cewa masu tayar da tarzoma, waɗanda galibi suna cikin kasuwar Alaba, yanki mai cunkoso da rashin tsari, sau da yawa suna adawa da kama jami'an tsaro, waɗanda galibi suna yin faɗa mai zafi ta hanyar amfani da duk halayen muggan makamai.

Hukumar NCC ta kuma fara aiwatar da wani sabon "Dokokin Shuke-shuken Kayan Kwayoyin Kwafi na Copyright", wanda ke baiwa Hukumar NCC ikon sarrafawa da aiwatarwa kan ayyukan samar da masana'antun da tsirrai na faya-faya da kuma shigo da fitar da kayayyakin fim da aka gama. Duk waɗannan matakan duk da haka ba su da wani tasiri, saboda kwafin da ba a ba da izini ba ya ci gaba da yaduwa, kuma ita kanta NCC ana zargin ta da taimakawa aikin. Har yanzu a yunƙurin yaƙi da cin zarafi, an kafa ƙungiyar Kayayyakin (AVRS), wanda Mahmood Ali-Balogun ke jagoranta. AVRS wata ƙungiya ce ta Ƙungiyoyin Gudanarwa da aka kafa don taimakawa hana ayyukan ƙira daga kwafin da ba a ba su izini ba. Yana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Masana'antu ta Duniya (WIPO), Hukumar haƙƙin mallaka ta Najeriya (NCC) da Kamfanin Fina-finai na Najeriya (NFC) tare da kawai manufar sa ido kan tattarawa da rarraba sarauta a madadin masu haƙƙin mallaka a masana'antar fim. .

A watan Janairun 2015, Gwamnatin Najeriya ta sake kaddamar da wani aikin mai taken "Asusun Rarraba Innovation (IDF)" a ƙarƙashin "Project Nollywood" na yanzu don taimakawa kare hakkin mallaka, ta hanyar taimakawa fadada da daidaita tsarin rarraba fim. Asusun ya yi niyya ne ga kamfanonin da ke aiki ko kuma neman yin aiki a bangaren rarraba fim; tana da niyyar haɗin gwiwar sabbin tashoshi da tallafawa fadada tsarin rarrabawa na yanzu kuma don taimakawa haɓaka lamba da ingancin zaɓuɓɓukan rarraba, gami da mafita na tushen fasaha kamar yawo na dijital.

A watan Yunin 2015, Ranar Kasuwanci ta kiyasta kusan ₦ 7.5 biliyan (dalar Amurka miliyan 46) na asarar haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka duk shekara a Najeriya. Yana da matukar wahala a takaita cin zarafi a masana'antar fina-finan Najeriya, musamman saboda an gina zamanin fim ɗin bidiyo kuma ya ci gaba a kan tsarinsa, wanda a ƙarshe ya zama faduwarsa kuma ya zama babban matsala a masana'antar. Matsalar ta kusan shiga cikin tsarin rarraba Najeriya, saboda mutanen da abin ya shafa a wannan lokaci galibi marasa aikin fim ne na lokacin boom ɗin bidiyo, waɗanda a yanzu ba sa kasuwanci amma har yanzu suna son su riƙe matsayinsu na attajirai. [18]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ekunno, Mike (3 January 2011). "'Nollywood and the new cinema'". 234NEXT News. Finding Nollywood. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  2. ↑ Folch, Christine (27 April 2010). "An Intimate Chat with The Figurine's Kunle Afolayan and Ramsey Nouah". MTV. MTV IGGY. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  3. ↑ "Out of Africa: Kunle Afolayan bids to bring Nollywood cinema to the world". The Guardian. 30 October 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  4. ↑ Haynes, Jonathan (2014). ""New Nollywood": Kunle Afolayan". Project Muse. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  5. ↑ "RITA DOMINIC EXCLUSIVE: 'I want to keep doing dirty characters'". The NET NG. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  6. ↑ "New Nollywood Cinema: from home-video productions back to the screen". Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named autogenerated4
  8. ↑ "Lesson from new Nollywood: Theory from the global South second draft". Wired Space. 26 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Adelakun, Abimbola (19 February 2009). "Gradually, the cinemas return in Nigeria". Modern Ghana. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Osae-Brown, Funke (24 December 2013). "Nollywood improves quality, leaps to N1.72trn revenue in 2013". Business Day. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Nigeria's Nollywood Generated 1.72 Trillion Naira Revenue in 2013". Africa Music Law. 30 December 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  12. ↑ Emeagwali, Gloria (Spring 2004). "Editorial: Nigerian Film Industry". Central Connecticut State University. Africa Update Vol. XI, Issue 2. Archived from the original on 27 November 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  13. ↑ "History of Nollywood". Nificon. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named autogenerated9
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Liston, Enjoli
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named autogenerated20
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named autogenerated12
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named autogenerated6
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