Sauyin yanayi a Senegal
 Sauyin yanayi a Senegal | |
|---|---|
climate change by country or territory (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Facet of (en) | canjin yanayi |
| Ƙasa | Senegal |
| Has cause (en) |
Gandun daji, Gurɓacewa da wildfire (en) |
Canjin yanayi a Senegal, zai sami tasiri mai yawa a fannoni da yawa na rayuwa a Venezuela. Canjin yanayi zai haifar da ƙaruwar matsakaicin yanayin zafi a yammacin Afirka da tsakanin 1.5 da 4 ° C (3 ° F da 7 °F) a tsakiyar karni, dangi ga shekarar 1986 zuwa 2005.[1] Tsakiya na ruwan sama yana nuna raguwar ruwan kasa gaba ɗaya dake ƙaruwa a cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a kan Shahel. [2][3]Ana sa ran matakin teku zai tashi da sauri a Yammacin Afirka fiye da matsakaicin duniya.[4][5] Kodayake Senegal a halin yanzu ba babbar mai ba da gudummawa ga hayakin gas na duniya ba, tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu rauni ga canjin yanayi.[6][7]
Babban fari yana shafar noma, kuma yana haifar da rashin tsaro na abinci da aiki Fiye da kashi 70% na yawan jama'a suna aiki a bangaren noma. Ana sa ran hauhawar matakin teku da kuma haifar da rushewar bakin teku zai haifar da mummunar lalacewar kayan aikin bakin tekun kuma ya kawar da yawancin mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan bakin osimiri. Canjin yanayi kuma yana da damar kara lalacewar ƙasa wanda zai iya kara yawan hamada a gabashin Senegal, wanda ke haifar da faɗaɗ
Manufofin daidaita canjin yanayi da tsare-tsaren suna da mahimmanci don taimakawa Senegal shiryawa da daidaitawa. A shekara ta 2006, Senegal ta gabatar da Shirin Ayyuka na Kasa (NAPA) ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi .[9] NAPA ta gano albarkatun ruwa, noma, da yankunan bakin teku a matsayin bangarorin da suka fi fama da rauni a kasar.[10] A cikin shekara ta 2015, Senegal ta fitar da gudummawar da aka ƙaddara a cikin ƙasa (INDC's) wanda ya nuna cewa za a bi da canjin yanayi a matsayin fifiko na ƙasa.[10]
Rashin iskar gas
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Senegal a halin yanzu ba babbar mai ba da gudummawa ga hayakin gas na duniya ba. Kasar tana ba da gudummawa ƙasa da tan ɗaya na CO2 ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara[11] (idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin duniya na sama da ton 6 ga kowace mutum, kuma ta sanya 150 a cikin jerin ƙasashe ta hanyar fitar da CO2.[6] Koyaya, tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu saukin kamuwa da canjin yanayi.[6][7]
Amfani da makamashi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin makamashi a Senegal ana samar da su ne daga man fetur,[12] galibi dizal da gas. Wani karamin bangare na makamashi na Senegal ya fito ne daga makaman sabuntawa, kamar madatsar ruwan Manantali a Mali da sabon gonar iska a Thiès.
Samar da man fetur
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A tarihi, Senegal ba babbar mai samar da man fetur ba ce amma muhimman abubuwan da aka gano a cikin iskar gas, sun haifar da karuwar samarwa.[13]
Tasirin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana sa ran sauyin yanayi zai shafi Yammacin Afirka wanda ya haifar da hauhawar yanayin zafi, raguwar ruwan sama, karuwar hadari da karuwa na teku. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a yammacin Afirka ana sa ran zai karu da tsakanin 1.5 da 4 ° C (34.7 da 39.2 ° F) a tsakiyar karni, dangi da 1986 zuwa 2005.[1] Tsinkaya na ruwan sama yana nuna raguwar ruwan kasa gaba ɗaya da karuwa a cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a kan Sahel.[2][3]
Hawan matakin teku
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana sa ran matakin teku zai tashi da sauri a Yammacin Afirka sannan matsakaicin duniya.[5]
Ma'adanai na ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban albarkatun ruwa a Senegal sun dogara da ruwan sama. Rashin ruwan sama da karuwar canji saboda canjin yanayi zai iya rage yawan caji na ruwa. Manyan cibiyoyin jama'a sun riga sun fahimci shigar ruwan gishiri a cikin ruwa da ƙasa mai noma.[14] Hawan matakin teku da raguwar ruwan sama zai kara matsalolin salinity. Yayin da ƙarin ruwan gishiri ya faru, wannan zai yi barazanar kifin kifi a kasar.[8]
Tsarin halittu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Haɗin karuwar zafin jiki da raguwar ruwan sama zai iya ƙara hamada a gabashin Senegal, wanda zai haifar da fadada Sahara.[8]
Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tasirin Tattalin Arziki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Aikin noma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamar a wasu sassan Yammacin Afirka, ana sa ran matsanancin yanayi da ake tsammani ciki har da fari mai tsanani a yankin Sahel zai yi tasiri sosai ga tsaro na abinci da amfanin gona.[15]
Canjin yanayi na iya haifar da raguwar amfanin gona, gami da sorghum da millet,[16] yana sanya matsin lamba a kan hanyoyin rayuwa na karkara tunda aikin gona yana daukar kusan 70% na yawan mutanen Senegal. Misali, wasu tsinkaye sun nuna cewa tsakanin shekara ta 2000 zuwa 2009 akwai raguwar 10 -20% a cikin millet da raguwa 5 - 15% a sakamakon amfanin sorghum saboda canjin yanayi.[16] Canjin sauyin yanayi don millet da sorghum sun haɗa da zaɓuɓɓuka kamar ƙara haƙuri na amfanin gona zuwa yanayin zafi mai girma a lokacin fure da ƙara buƙatun lokacin zafi.[17][18][18][19]
Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin kiwon dabbobi, waɗanda suka haɗa da kusan mutane miliyan 2.5 a yankin Sahel, za su sami mummunar tasiri, saboda bambancin yanayi zai haifar da karuwar kiwo, matsin lamba akan samar da ruwa, da kuma tasirin da ya biyo baya akan tattalin arzikin al-ummomi na kifi.[20] Misali, a cikin shekara ta 2017, matsin lamba a kan ƙasashe ya haifar da karuwar buƙatun abinci na dabbobi, wanda ya sa farashin ya tashi kuma manoma su sayar da manyan garken su.[20]
Tasirin gidaje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana sa ran hauhawar matakin teku zai kawar da yawancin mutanen Senegal. Kusan kashi 70% na yawan jama'a suna zaune a yankunan bakin teku.[6] Gwamnati ta riga ta motsa al'ummomi a yankunan da ke da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa.[6] Bugu da ƙari kusan 90% na masana'antu a Senegal suna cikin wannan yankin bakin teku. Abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi da ambaliyar ruwa na bakin teku na iya sanya waɗannan manyan cibiyoyin tattalin arziki cikin haɗari.[14]
Ragewa da daidaitawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manufofin da dokoki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 2006, Senegal ta fara Shirin Gudanar da Ayyuka na Kasa (NAPA) a matsayin wani ɓangare na mafi girma don ƙirƙirar Shirye-shiryen Gudana na Ƙasa.[15][9] An nada kwamitin kasa kan canjin yanayi ta hanyar digiri na shugaban kasa don tallafawa shirin.[15] Bugu da ƙari, akwai Asusun Yanayi wanda kayan aiki ne na kudaden yanayi.[14]
Haɗin kai na kasa da kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekara ta 2015, Senegal ta fitar da gudummawar da aka ƙayyade ta ƙasa (NDC) wanda ya nuna cewa za a bi da canjin yanayi a matsayin fifiko na ƙasa.
Jama'a da al'adu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yunkurin fafutuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokaci guda da waɗannan manufofi ke wurin, akwai shaidar cewa ba a cika su ba. Misali, wani labarin a cikin The Nation da ya mayar da hankali kan adalci na yanayi ya bayyana yadda aka gina shirin wutar lantarki a Bargny, Senegal, shafin da gwamnati ta gano a matsayin wurin ƙaura ga al'ummomin da suka ƙauka ta hanyar hauhawar matakin teku.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Niang, I; Ruppel, O.C; Abdrabo, M.A; Essel, A; Lennard, C; Padgham, J; Urquhart, P (2014). Africa. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1199–1265.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Berthou, S.; Kendon, E. J.; Rowell, D. P.; Roberts, M. J.; Tucker, S.; Stratton, R. A. (2019). "Larger Future Intensification of Rainfall in the West African Sahel in a Convection-Permitting Model". Geophysical Research Letters (in Turanci). 46 (22): 13299–13307. Bibcode:2019GeoRL..4613299B. doi:10.1029/2019GL083544. ISSN 1944-8007.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Klein, Cornelia; Taylor, Christopher M. (2020-09-01). "Dry soils can intensify mesoscale convective systems". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (in Turanci). 117 (35): 21132–21137. doi:10.1073/pnas.2007998117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7474668. PMID 32817526.
- ↑ "Sea-Level Rise: West Africa Is Sinking". Earth.Org - Past | Present | Future (in Turanci). 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Croitoru, Lelia; Miranda, Juan José; Sarraf, Maria (2019-03-13). The Cost of Coastal Zone Degradation in West Africa (in Turanci). World Bank, Washington, DC. doi:10.1596/31428. hdl:10986/31428.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Judt, Daniel (2019-09-24). "In Senegal, Climate Change Is Robbing Thousands of Their Homes". The Nation (in Turanci). ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 team, FPFIS (2018-11-22). "Fossil [[:Samfuri:Chem]] emissions of all world countries - 2018 Report". EU Science Hub - European Commission (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-11-26. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Senegal | UNDP Climate Change Adaptation". www.adaptation-undp.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "National Adaptation Plans in focus: Lessons from Senegal | UNDP Climate Change Adaptation". www.adaptation-undp.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-12-03. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action in Senegal". International Institute for Sustainable Development (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-11-26.
- ↑ Ge, Mengpin; Friedrich, Johannes; Vigna, Leandro (2020-02-06). "4 Charts Explain Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Countries and Sectors". World Resources Institute (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-11-27.
- ↑ "Power Africa in Senegal | Power Africa | U.S. Agency for International Development". www.usaid.gov (in Turanci). 2020-04-16. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
- ↑ "Senegal Energy Outlook – Analysis". IEA (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-04-28.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Climate Risk Profile: Senegal". Climatelinks (in Turanci). USAID. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Senegal factsheet: Climate information and agricultural planning". 2016report.futureclimateafrica.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Sultan, Benjamin; Defrance, Dimitri; Iizumi, Toshichika (2019-09-06). "Evidence of crop production losses in West Africa due to historical global warming in two crop models". Scientific Reports (in Turanci). 9 (1): 12834. Bibcode:2019NatSR...912834S. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49167-0. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6731230. PMID 31492929.
- ↑ Parkes, B.; Defrance, Dimitri; Sultan, Benjamin; Ciais, P.; Wang, X. H. (2018). "Projected changes in crop yield mean and variability over West Africa in a world 1.5K warmer than the pre-industrial era". Earth System Dynamics. 9 (1): 119–134. doi:10.5194/esd-9-119-2018. ISSN 2190-4979.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Guan, Kaiyu; Sultan, Benjamin; Biasutti, Michela; Baron, Christian; Lobell, David B. (2017-01-15). "Assessing climate adaptation options and uncertainties for cereal systems in West Africa". Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (in Turanci). 232: 291–305. Bibcode:2017AgFM..232..291G. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.07.021. ISSN 0168-1923.
- ↑ Sultan, B; Roudier, P; Quirion, P; Alhassane, A; Muller, B; Dingkuhn, M; Ciais, P; Guimberteau, M; Traore, S; Baron, C (2013-03-01). "Assessing climate change impacts on sorghum and millet yields in the Sudanian and Sahelian savannas of West Africa". Environmental Research Letters. 8 (1): 014040. Bibcode:2013ERL.....8a4040S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014040. ISSN 1748-9326.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "How climate change is plunging Senegal's herders into poverty". The New Humanitarian (in Turanci). 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2020-11-26.