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'Yancin Dan Adam a Angola

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'Yancin Dan Adam a Angola
human rights by country or territory (en) Fassara
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Ƙasa Angola
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 12°21′S 17°21′E / 12.35°S 17.35°E / -12.35; 17.35

Angola dai ta dade tana shan suka da kakkausar murya kan yadda take hakkin dan Adam. Wani rahoto na 2012 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ce, "Mahimman cin zarafi uku na 'yancin ɗan adam [a cikin 2012] sun kasance cin hanci da rashawa a hukumance da rashin hukunci ; iyaka kan 'yancin yin taro, ƙungiyoyi, magana, da manema labarai; da zalunci da wuce gona da iri, ciki har da da aka ruwaito na azabtarwa da duka da kuma kashe-kashen ba bisa ka'ida ba daga 'yan sanda da sauran jami'an tsaro sun hada da: tsare-tsaren tsare- tsare masu tsauri da kuma hadarin gaske; tsarin shari'a da rashin aikin yi; /AIDS; iyaka akan haƙƙin ma'aikata; [1] A cikin 2022, Freedom House ta kimanta Angola "ba kyauta ba". [2]

Bayanan tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A baya kasar Portugal ta yi mulkin mallaka, Angola ta yi yakin neman 'yencin kai wanda ya gudana daga 1961 zuwa 1975.

Bayan Angola ta sami 'yencin kanta a shekara ta 1975, nan da nan kasar ta fada cikin yakin basasa tsakanin jam'iyyar Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ), wadda Tarayyar Soviet da Kuba suka goyi bayan, da kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don 'Yancin Gabaɗaya. Angola ( UNITA ), goyon bayan Amurka da Afirka ta Kudu ; Rikicin yanzu ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na yakin cacar baka, Dukansu MPLA da UNITA sun yi amfani da yara sojoji . Yaƙin, wanda ya ƙare a shekara ta 2002 tare da nasara ga MPLA, ya haifar da rikicin jin kai a cikin ƙasar; A shekara ta 2003, kashi 80 cikin 100 na mutanen Angola ba su da damar samun kulawar lafiya ta asali sannan kashi 60 cikin 100 ba su da ruwa. A cewar Freedom House, yakin basasar Angola "ya lakume rayukan mutane kimanin miliyan daya, ya raba fiye da mutane miliyan hudu da muhallansu, sannan ya tilastawa sama da rabin miliyan gudu zuwa kasashe makwabta. Yawancin mutanen da aka sake tsugunar da su sun kasance ba su da filaye, kayayyakin more rayuwa, ko ma tantancewa. Takaddun da aka yi na sake tsugunar da jama'a sun yi tafiyar hawainiya saboda kasancewar nakiyoyin da aka yi kiyasin sun kai 500,000 da kuma lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa na 'yan majalisar dokoki, wanda aka jinkirtar akai-akai tun daga 1997, a karshe a watan Satumba na 2008." [3]

Angola, a hukumance jamhuriya ce ta tsarin mulki, MPLA ce ke tafiyar da ita tun 1975, tare da ofishin shugaban kasa João Lourenço a halin yanzu tun 2017. [4] Wani labarin Oktoba 2010 a cikin The Guardian ya ba da shawarar cewa "[o], lu'u-lu'u da nakiyoyi alamu ne guda uku kawai don fahimtar ƙasar - wanda zai iya ƙara talauci, danniya da cutar shan inna .... Yanzu yana daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da mai a Afirka. duk da haka ya kasance daya daga cikin kasashe mafi talauci a duniya". Kafin Lourenço, shugaban Angola shi ne José Eduardo dos Santos, wanda ya shafe shekaru 38 yana rike da mukamin tsakanin 1979 da 2017. Bayan kifar da gwamnatin Muammar Gaddafi a Libya a shekara ta 2011, Dos Santos ya zama shugaba mafi dadewa a Afirka; Tun daga nan ne Teodro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo na Equatorial Guinea ya zarce shi. A shekara ta 2010, dos Santos ya gabatar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya soke zaben shugaban kasa kai tsaye tare da kawar da mukamin firaminista, wanda ya kara karfafa matsayinsa. [5] Duk da cewa sabon kundin tsarin mulkin ya kunshi kakkausan harshe game da kare ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki, kungiyoyi da kuma gudanar da taro, Raul Danda na jam’iyyar adawa ta UNITA ya bayyana hakan “cikakkiyar zamba ce” kuma ya ce ‘yan jam’iyyarsa na sa bakaken fata ne, domin kamar zuwa jam’iyyar ne. makabarta don binne dimokradiyya”. [5]

Hakkoki na asali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yayin da kundin tsarin mulkin Angola da dokokin kasar suka haramta wariyar launin fata, jinsi, addini, nakasa, harshe, ko matsayin zamantakewa, gwamnati ba ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata ba. [1]

A cikin 2012, Human Rights Watch ta ba da rahoton cewa "ko da yake kundin tsarin mulkin Angola na 2010 ya ba da tabbacin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, yin taro cikin lumana, da 'yancin kafofin watsa labaru, amma gwamnati ta ƙara taƙaita yin amfani da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin." Wani rahoto da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2011 ya nuna cewa gwamnatin Angola ta yi imanin cewa tana yin sa-in-sa ba bisa ka'ida ba ga 'yan jarida, masu adawa da gwamnati, da dai sauransu, cewa ana kama 'yan jarida a kasar, da cin zarafi, da kuma tuhumar su da bata suna, da kuma wasu 'yan jarida da aka yi. wadanda harbe-harbe, da wuka, barna, da fashi. Wannan ya haifar da yawancin 'yan jarida suna nuna rashin amincewa da kansu, tare da matsa lamba ga 'yan kasuwa da su janye tallace-tallace na kafofin watsa labaru masu cin zarafi ga gwamnati, tare da kadan a hanyar kafofin watsa labaru masu zaman kansu a wajen Luanda . [6]

Gwamnati, a cewar kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch, "ta amince da dokar takaita zirga-zirga, ta ja da baya wajen barin gidajen rediyo masu zaman kansu da na al'umma su yi aiki a cikin kasar Angola, ta yi wa kafafen yada labarai na gwamnati takunkumi, ta nemi kula da kafafen yada labarai na masu zaman kansu da ake da su, da kuma gurfanar da su a gaban kuliya. tsoratar da 'yan jarida masu zaman kansu da masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a". [7]

A cikin 2009, sojojin Angola "sun kashe mutane 61 ba bisa ka'ida ba". Yin amfani da karfi fiye da kima da 'yan sanda ke yi na haifar da mace-mace akai-akai. [8] A lokuta da dama a cikin 2011 kadai, Amnesty International ta ba da rahoton cewa "an zargi jami'an 'yan sanda da ba sa aiki da harbi da kashe mutane", kuma yawancin wadanda ake zargi "ba a gurfanar da su gaban kotu ba a karshen shekara". [9] Human Rights Watch ta lura a cikin 2012 cewa dos Santos "ya fuskanci wata suka da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba" a cikin 2011, tare da karuwar zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati "[i] wanda ya samu kwarin gwiwa daga kungiyoyin rajin kare demokradiyya na Larabawa", wanda hukumomi suka mayar da martani ta hanyar amfani da " wuce gona da iri" da kuma "takaita watsa labarai na zanga-zangar".

Human Rights Watch ta ruwaito a watan Yulin 2012 cewa gwamnatin Angola tana "nuna masu shirya zanga-zangar saboda kamawa da tsare su ba gaira ba dalili saboda karuwar zanga-zangar sukar gwamnati ko manufofinta". Angola ta kasance wurin da ake gudanar da zanga-zangar da ba a taba ganin irin ta ba tun daga shekarar 2011 da matasa da kuma tsoffin mayakan yakin suka yi, tare da neman a sake fasalin zamantakewa da murabus din shugaba José Eduardo dos Santos, sannan na biyun na neman "fadar jin dadin jama'a". Hukumomin kasar sun mayar da martani ga zanga-zangar matasan "tare da murkushe tashe-tashen hankula, duk da kankantarsu, sun kuma kama shugabannin matasa da dama, da 'yan jarida, da kuma shugabannin 'yan adawa". Daya daga cikin zanga-zangar da tsoffin sojoji suka yi, wacce ta “dada karfi tun watan Yuni”, an tarwatsa ta da hayaki mai sa hawaye da harbe-harbe, kuma an daure wasu sojoji sama da 50, tare da wani shugaban kwamitin korafe-korafen tsoffin sojoji. [10] A watan Satumba na 2011, a cewar Amnesty International, gwamnatin lardin Luanda "ta fitar da wata doka da ke nuna wuraren da za a iya amfani da su don gudanar da taro da zanga-zanga. Ta ware dandalin Independence, inda akasarin zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati a lokacin. shekara." [11]

A shekara ta 2012, kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta zargi gwamnatin Angola da "al'amurra da dama na tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, da tsoratar da masu zanga-zangar, da kuma murkushe zanga-zangar lumana" a gabanin zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki na 2012 . Rahoton ya bayyana yadda ake gudanar da zanga-zangar lumana da kafafen yada labarai da kuma “kara tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa da kuma tsoratarwa”. Rikicin siyasa a kan “’yan jarida, masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama’a, da sauran masu neman bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ko sukar gwamnatin Shugaba José Eduardo dos Santos” na kara ta’azzara, ‘yan sanda da jami’an tsaro na farin kaya sun tarwatsa zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati. duka da kame masu zanga-zangar lumana, masu shiryawa, da ’yan siyasa na adawa, tare da kawo cikas ga ‘yan jarida da tsoratarwa”, kuma kafafen yada labarai na gwamnati sun yi “kokarin tilasta masu fafutuka da ke tsare su yi kalaman batanci ga jam’iyyun adawa.”

A cewar Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya, kusan kashi 15 na mutane a Angola sun yi amfani da Intanet a cikin 2011. [1]

Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Angola ya tabbatar da ‘yancin yin taro, ko da yake a zahiri ‘yan sanda kan hana zanga-zangar. Dole ne a sanar da hukumomi tun da wuri na taron jama'a, amma izinin hukuma ba lallai ba ne, kodayake wasu tarukan daga baya gwamnati ta hana su. ‘Yan sanda ba sa hana taron masu sukar gwamnati ko kuma su sanya ido sosai, inda masu jawabai a irin wannan taron za su fuskanci hukunci kan kalaman sukar hukumomi. [12] A cewar Human Rights Watch, ana samun karuwar amfani a cikin 'yan shekarun nan na "karfin da ba dole ba a kan masu zanga-zangar lumana da masu shirya". [13]

A cikin 2012, gwamnati ta ƙyale ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGO) na gida su shiga ayyukan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam. Duk da haka, an tilasta wa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa takaita ayyukansu saboda matsalolin rajista, tsoratarwa, tsangwama da rufewa daga sojojin gwamnati. [1]

Kundin tsarin mulkin Angola ya ayyana kasar a matsayin wacce ba ruwanta da addini inda aka raba coci da gwamnati kuma ya ba da yancin sanin addini da na addini. Dole ne ƙungiyoyin addini su nemi izini ga ma'aikatun shari'a da al'adu don samun lasisi; A karkashin Dokar Addini ta 2004, irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna buƙatar aƙalla mambobi 100,000, da masu bin aƙalla larduna 12 na larduna 18 na Angola. Ba a yarda da Musulunci ba, kuma gwamnati ta rufe masallatai da cibiyoyin Musulunci da makarantu. An amince da kungiyoyi 83 a hukumance, yayin da dubban kungiyoyi ke gudanar da ayyukan ba bisa ka'ida ba. Bisa rahoton da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2012 kan 'yancin addini, hukumomin gwamnatin Angola da kungiyoyin farar hula sun samu gagarumar nasara a kokarinsu na hadin gwiwa don shawo kan ayyukan addini na asali kamar hadayar dabbobi, shamaniyya, da kuma fitar da mutane daga waje, wadanda suka hada da sakaci da cin zarafi. [14]

Kundin tsarin mulkin Angola da doka ta fasaha ta ba da damar 'yancin zirga-zirga a cikin ƙasar, 'yancin yin balaguro zuwa ƙasashen waje, da 'yancin ƙaura da komawa gida. Duk da haka, tafiye-tafiyen cikin gida yana da rikitarwa ta wuraren bincike inda matafiya ke fuskantar cin zarafi da cin zarafi daga hukumomi, tare da tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa yana da sarkakiya ta hanyar "tsayayyen tsarin shiga da fita bizar" [15] [16] .

Cin hanci da rashawa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne amma ya zama ruwan dare a gwamnatin Angola da 'yan kasuwa; ba kasafai ake tuhumar sa ba. Ana samun yawaitar satar dukiyar jama’a, haka nan cin hancin jami’an gwamnati da ‘yan kasuwa ke yi. An gudanar da zaɓen farko bayan yaƙi a shekara ta 2008, kuma an yi la'akari da shi gabaɗaya cikin adalci, ko da yake yadda gwamnati ke kula da kafafen yada labarai ya ba ta fa'ida sosai idan aka kwatanta da 'yan adawa. Shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa na da iko mai yawa, inda majalisar a madadin shugaban kasa ke gudanar da ayyukan zartarwa da na majalisa. Shugaban kasa da majalisa ne ke tsara dokoki kuma a mika su ga zababbun Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa don abin da ya zama tambarin roba. [17] A cikin Nuwamba 2011, mambobin UNITA "sun fita daga muhawarar majalisa game da sabon kundin tsarin zabe na babban zabukan 2012", suna korafin cewa "ya ƙunshi tanadin da ba bisa ka'ida ba". [18] A shekara ta 2012, Cibiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Jami'ar Pretoria ta nuna damuwa game da cin zarafin bil'adama a Angola "musamman tun lokacin da David Mendes ya bayyana cewa jam'iyyarsa ta siyasa za ta yi takara da jam'iyyar shugaba mai ci, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, a cikin gaba mai zuwa. zaben kasa da za a gudanar a wani lokaci a shekarar 2012". Bayan da Mendes ya ayyana takararsa, ya bayar da rahoton cewa an yi masa barazanar kisa da dukiyoyinsa da na kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama Mãos Livres da Partido Popular. Barazanar kisa ta kara tsananta ne bayan da ya kai kara ofishin manyan lauyoyin kasa kan shugaban kasa mai ci yana zargin sa da almubazzaranci da dukiyar jama’a.” [19]

A Angola, mallakar kadarorin ya dade yana zama tambaya mai cike da rudani, kuma kundin tsarin mulkin kasar na 2010 ya warware wannan tambaya ta hanyar ayyana cewa dukkan filaye mallakin gwamnati ne. Gwamnati ta kan yi amfani da haƙƙinta na mallakar filaye na duniya don ƙwace da lalata gidaje masu zaman kansu, wani lokacin dubbai a lokaci guda, ba tare da biyan diyya ga masu su ba. A cikin irin wannan lamari a shekara ta 2010, an kashe mutane bakwai, ciki har da yaro guda. Rahoton na Amnesty International a shekara ta 2012 ya nuna cewa har yanzu ana ci gaba da yin irin wannan "korar da tilas" ko da yake a karami fiye da shekarun baya, kuma dubban mutane na cikin hadarin korarsu daga tilas. Dubban iyalai da aka kora a baya gwamnati ba ta biya su diyya ba. Daya daga cikin korar da aka yi a shekarar 2011 ya shafi iyalai 40 a Luanda wadanda gwamnati ta sayar da filayensu ga wani kamfani mai zaman kansa. An lalata gidaje da kadarori, sannan ‘yan sanda sun kashe wani mazaunin garin a nan take lokacin da ya yi kokarin dakatar da lalata. [20] Ana ci gaba da samun korar mutane, inda iyalai da dama suka rasa matsuguni sakamakon haka. [21]

Ana ci gaba da samun nakiyoyin da aka binne a Angola sakamakon yakin basasa, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 12 a shekarar 2010, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da aikin hakar nakiyoyi. [22]

Yayin da ake korar bakin haure ba bisa ka'ida ba, an san 'yan sanda da aikata fyade da sauran ayyukan ta'addanci. [16] Bayan da ya ziyarci kasar Angola a cikin watan Maris din shekarar 2011, wakilin musamman na babban sakataren MDD mai kula da harkokin jima'i a rikice-rikice ya nuna damuwarsa kan yadda sojojin Angola ke ci gaba da samun rahotannin cin zarafin 'yan gudun hijirar Kongo, da sojojin Angola suka yi a lokacin korarsu, ko da yake ministan harkokin wajen Angola ya musanta zargin. A watan Disambar 2011, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar ta bayyana cewa gwamnati za ta hada kai da MDD domin korar 'yan kasashen waje daga kasar. " [20]

A cikin watan Mayun 2012, Human Rights Watch ta fitar da wani rahoto mai taken "'Idan Ka Dawo Za Mu Kashe Ka": Cin Duri da Cin Hanci da Cin Hanci da Jama'a na Kwango a yayin da ake korarsu daga Angola, inda ta bayyana "wani yanayi mai ban tsoro na take hakkin dan Adam. Jami’an tsaron Angola kan ‘yan ci-rani ‘yan kasar Kwango, wadanda galibi ake tsare da su tare da ‘ya’yansu, sun fuskanci cin zarafi ta hanyar lalata da su da suka hada da fyade na kungiyoyi, da lalata da su, da kuma tilasta wa wasu mata da ‘yan mata su shaida lalata. cin mutunci da rashin mutuntawa, kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kin bin doka da oda sun kasance al'adar da aka saba yi a lokacin da ake gudanar da jerin gwano na bakin haure, da kuma tsare su kafin a kore su." [23]

An kididdige lafiya a Angola a cikin mafi muni a duniya, kuma kaso mai yawa ne kawai na al'ummar kasar ke samun kulawar jinya.

Hakkokin mata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bisa kundin tsarin mulkin Angola da dokokin kasar, mata na samun yancin kai daidai da maza, amma ana samun wariyar launin fata a tsakanin al'umma musamman a wajen birane, kuma wata doka ta zartarwa ta haramtawa mata rike wasu ayyuka. [16]

Za a iya yanke hukuncin daurin shekaru takwas a gidan yari, ciki har da fyaden aure, amma galibi ba a gurfanar da su a gaban kuliya saboda karancin kudi. An bayyana tashe-tashen hankula a cikin gida a matsayin "wanda ya zama ruwan dare, musamman a birane"; sai a watan Yunin 2011 ne majalisar dokokin Angola ta zartar da wata doka da ta hukunta ta. Yawancin mata suna fuskantar wani irin tashin hankali kafin su kai shekaru 15. Har ila yau cin zarafin jima'i ya yadu kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba, amma ana iya tuhume shi azaman cin mutunci ko cin zarafi.

Mata, da tsofaffi da yara, a wasu lokuta ana fuskantar cin zarafi ta hanyar masu zarginsu da maita. Irin waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da mutuwa. ‘Yan sanda ba sa shiga hannu domin suna tsoron kada a yi masu sihiri. An kuma kashe daruruwa a munanan ayyukan ibada. [20]

Kariyar hana haihuwa ta halatta a Angola. [16]

Haƙƙin nakasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wariya ga nakasassu haramun ne, amma wannan a aikace ba a aiwatar da shi sosai. Babu wata doka da ta tanadi damar shiga keken guragu zuwa gine-gine ko don wasu kariya ko ayyuka ga nakasassu. Daga cikin nakasassu a Angola akwai dubun dubatan mutanen da suka jikkata sakamakon nakiyoyi. [16]

Angola ta amince da Yarjejeniya ta Haƙƙin naƙasassu duka biyu da Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Nakasassu da Tsarin Zaɓuɓɓuka ga Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin nakasassu a watan Mayun 2014. [24]

Hakkokin ƴan asalin ƙasar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mafarauta na gargajiya ba su da alaƙa da al'ummar Angola gabaɗaya ko kuma ƙasar Angola, kodayake gwamnatocin larduna suna da hannu a ƙoƙarin inganta ayyuka da sadarwa. [16]

Hakkin LGBT

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Rahoton kare hakkin dan Adam na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta 2012 ya gano,

Dokar ta haramta yin jima'i, ko da yake ba a sami rahotanni ba [a cikin 2012] na aiwatar da wannan doka. Wani daftarin doka don maye gurbin lambar data kasance (wanda aka karɓa a cikin 1886 kuma, tare da gyare-gyare da yawa, yana aiki a ƙarshen shekara) a cikin 2011. Daftarin kundin, wanda tsarin shari'a ke amfani da shi akai-akai, ya amince da 'yancin yin hulɗar jima'i. Kundin tsarin mulki ya bayyana aure a matsayin tsakanin mace da namiji. [Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu]... ta ruwaito wata karamar karamar madigo, gay, bisexual, da transgender (LGBT) al'umma a Luanda. An samu keɓancewar rahotannin yadda al'ummominsu ke cin zarafin ma'auratan. Babu ƙungiyoyin sa-kai da ke fafutukar kare haƙƙin al'ummar LGBT. [1] :pages 34–35

A cikin 2019, Angola ta haramta yin luwadi. [25]

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama suna gudanar da ayyukansu a Angola, inda wasu daga cikinsu ke fuskantar katsalandan daga gwamnati da kuma turjiya. A shekara ta 2008 UNHRO ta rufe ofishinta na Angola saboda gwamnati, wacce ta yi alkawarin yin aiki kafada da kafada da ita, ta kasa samun hadin kai bayan ta lashe wa'adin kwamitin kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . [16] A watan Agustan 2011, a cewar Amnesty International, hukumomin shige da fice a filin jirgin saman Quatro de Fevereira sun ki shiga Angola ga wakilan kungiyoyin farar hula daban-daban da za su halarci taron farar hula na kungiyar raya kasashen kudancin Afirka (SADC), duk da shirye-shiryen da aka yi. domin su karbi biza idan sun isa filin jirgin. Haka kuma an hana ‘yan jarida biyu ‘yan kasar Mozambique da za su halarci taron kolin, duk da cewa suna da takardar izinin shiga kasar. [20]

Hakkin HIV/AIDS

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a nuna wariya ga masu cutar kanjamau, amma ba a aiwatar da haramcin ba. [16] A cewar wata majiya, "mutanen dake dauke da cutar kanjamau suna fuskantar kyama a kullum." Majiyar ta ambaci wani bincike na 2003 yana cewa "[i] fa mai shago a gida an san yana da cutar kanjamau, kusan rabin dukkan matasa (kuma fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na waɗanda ba su da ilimi) sun ce za su ƙi siyan abinci. daga gare shi. [26]

Hakkin ma'aikata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ma'aikata na iya shiga ƙungiyoyi . Duk ma'aikatan da ba na gwamnati ba na iya yajin aiki, duk da cewa akwai tsauraran ka'idoji da suka shafi hakan. Ita dai jam’iyya mai mulki a al’adance tana da alaka da ’yan kwadago, kuma wasu kungiyoyin na gwamnati ne. An ba da izinin ciniki na gama kai a fasaha amma yana ƙarƙashin haƙƙin hani. Yin aikin tilastawa haramun ne, amma yana faruwa, inda ake fataucin maza da yara maza da yawa zuwa Angola don yin aikin tilas a gine-gine da sauran sassa. Yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 14 ba a yarda su yi aiki ba, amma yawancin yara suna aiki a gonakin iyali, a matsayin masu sayar da titi, da kuma cikin gidaje. Ana tilasta wa wasu yara yin aiki a matsayin karuwai, a cikin safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi ko tallace-tallace, da kuma a matsayin masu jigilar kayayyaki na duniya. Akwai yara da yawa a kan titi da suke yin bara, suna yin irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar su ɗinkin takalma da wankin mota, suna aikata ƙananan laifuffuka, ko kuma a yi lalata da su. Akwai mafi ƙarancin albashi, tare da yawancin mutane suna dogaro da ayyuka da yawa don samun abin rayuwa. Yawancin ma'aikata suna aiki ne a ayyukan noma ko wasu sassan da babu ko rashin kula da yanayin aiki na gwamnati. Akwai dokokin da suka tsara yanayin aiki amma ba a aiwatar da su da kyau ko da a cikin fage. Ana take haƙƙin ma'aikata akai-akai ba tare da wani hukunci ba. Ba a aiwatar da ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya da aminci na sana'a ba, kamar yadda ake aiwatar da hukunce-hukuncen keta hakkin aiki. [16]

Hakkokin 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dokar Angola ta ba da damar ba da mafaka da matsayin 'yan gudun hijira, kuma an yi wani tsari na kare 'yan gudun hijira. [16]

Hakkokin mutanen da ake kamawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ko da yake dokar Angola ta hana kama kama, yana faruwa sau da yawa. Ana buƙatar garantin a fasaha, amma galibi ana kama su ba tare da su ba, kuma kusan kashi 75 na bincike ana yin su ba tare da izini ba. An dai san hukumomi na tsare ‘yan uwa da ake zargi da aikata laifuka. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya bukaci a gaggauta gurfanar da wadanda ake tuhuma gaban kotu domin tantance halaccin tsare su, amma ana sabawa wannan bukata. Mahukunta gabaɗaya suna bin ka'idodin cewa a sanar da waɗanda ake tuhuma game da tuhumar a cikin kwanaki biyar da tsare su. Akwai tsarin belin da ba shi da inganci na kananan laifuka, inda jami’an gidan yari ke neman a ba su cin hanci don sakin fursunonin. A cikin 2009, an tsare mutane sama da 500 ba bisa ka'ida ba. A yankunan da ake hakar ma'adinai, jami'an tsaro suna tsare, fyade, da kuma cin zarafin bakin haure da iyalansu. Haka kuma ana kama masu adawa da gwamnatin ba bisa ka'ida ba. A fasahance ana ba wa waɗanda ake tuhuma damar samun lauyoyi, kuma waɗanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna da haƙƙin wakilcin da gwamnati ta biya, amma galibi ana watsi da wannan haƙƙin. Wadanda ake zargin galibi ana tsare su na tsawon lokaci kafin a gurfanar da su gaban kuliya. Maimakon a gurfanar da su a gaban kotu, ana dukan wadanda ake zargin, sannan a sake su. Wasu kuma ana tsare su sun wuce lokacin da doka ta kayyade. [16]

Hakkokin mutanen da ake shari'a

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An bayyana bangaren shari'a a matsayin "marasa ma'aikata, marasa inganci, cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma karkashin ikon zartarwa da siyasa". Shugaban kasa ne ke nada alkalan kotun koli kuma su yi aiki har abada. Yawancin rikice-rikice na cikin gida a cikin larduna an daidaita su a kotuna na yau da kullun waɗanda ake gudanar da su bisa ka'idodin kabilanci waɗanda mahalarta ba su da 'yanci kaɗan. A wasu yankunan babu masu gabatar da kara ko alkalai, don haka ‘yan sandan yankin suna gudanar da ayyuka da yawa, suna gudanar da bincike, gurfanar da su a gaban kotu, da kuma zama alkalai. Ko da yake waɗanda ake tuhuma suna da haƙƙin yin shari'a ta gaskiya, ba koyaushe suke samun ɗaya ba. Babu alkalai a cikin tsarin kotunan Angola. Wadanda ake tuhuma ba su da damar fuskantar wadanda ake tuhuma, amma a karkashin doka suna da hakkin su tambayi shaidun da za su gabatar da kara, kuma su gabatar da nasu shaidu, duk da cewa ba a kiyaye wannan hakkin ba. Haka kuma ba hakkin daukaka kara ba ne.

Hakkokin fursunoni

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An bayyana halin da ake ciki a gidan yari a Angola a matsayin "mai barazana ga rayuwa", inda masu gadi akai-akai suna dukan fursunoni da azabtarwa. Daga cikin matsalolin akwai cunkoso, rashin isassun abinci, ruwa, kula da lafiya, da tsaftar muhalli, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane. Akalla gidan yari daya ba shi da wutar lantarki. Jami’an tsaro na satar fursunoni akai-akai, suna neman cin hancin fasfo na karshen mako da kuma kai musu abinci daga iyalansu, tare da yi wa fursunoni mata fyade. Cututtuka daban-daban, ciki har da zazzabin cizon sauro, sun zama ruwan dare kuma ba a kula da su. A cikin larduna, ana ɗaure yaran da suka aikata ƙananan laifuffuka tare da manya tare da cin zarafi daga ƴan gidan yari da masu gadi. Fursunonin suna da ’yancin yin ibada, kuma hukumomi da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ’yan Adam suna kula da yanayin kurkuku. Akwai jami'in kare hakkin bil'adama da ke daukar wasu al'amura na kare hakkin bil'adama. [16]

Yayin bala'in COVID-19 na shekarar 2020-21, Ministan cikin gida Eugénio César Laborinho ya nuna damuwa game da karfin gidajen yarin Angola don samun nasarar keɓe sabbin fursunoni. [27] Duk da haka, 'yan sanda sun ci gaba da tsare fursunonin a duk tsawon lokacin bala'in, galibi saboda ƙananan laifuka; A cikin watan Mayu 2020 alkalumman 'yan sanda sun nuna cewa a cikin awanni 24 da suka gabata, an tsare mutane 295 saboda keta dokar hana zirga-zirga. [28]

Duba sauran bayanai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • 'Yancin addini a Angola
  • Fataucin mutane a Angola
  • Binciken Intanet da sa ido a Angola
  • Hakkin LGBT a Angola
  • Siyasar Angola
  • Tsarin Mulki na Angola

Bayanan kula

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
1. Lura cewa "Shekarar" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Don haka bayanin shekara ta 2008 ta fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu.
2. ^ 11 ga Nuwamba (Ranar 'Yancin Kai) a 1975; 1 Janairu bayan haka.
3. ^ Rahoton na 1982 ya shafi shekara ta 1981 da rabi na farko na 1982, kuma rahoton na 1984 mai zuwa ya shafi rabin na biyu na 1982 da kuma gaba ɗaya 1983. Don samun sauƙi, waɗannan rahotannin "shekaru da rabi" guda biyu masu banƙyama an raba su zuwa rahotanni na tsawon shekaru uku ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2012 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Angola, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State
  2. ↑ "Freedom in the World 2022: Angola". Freedom House. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
  3. ↑ "Angola". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2018-12-11. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  4. ↑ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Who is Angola's new president Joao Lourenco? | DW | 26.09.2017". DW.COM (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Redvers, Louise. "Angolan parliament approves constitution for stronger president". Archived from the original on 2014-02-26. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  6. ↑ "Angola". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  7. ↑ name="Human Rights Watch">"SADC: Press Angola, Zimbabwe on Rights as Elections Near". Human Rights Watch. 2012-08-14. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  8. ↑ name="2009-2017.state.gov">"Angola". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  9. ↑ "Angola". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  10. ↑ "Angola: Protesters Detained, Disappeared". Human Rights Watch. 2012-07-05. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  11. ↑ name="Angola">"Angola". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  12. ↑ name="2009-2017.state.gov">"Angola". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2013-01-19."Angola". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  13. ↑ name="Human Rights Watch">"SADC: Press Angola, Zimbabwe on Rights as Elections Near". Human Rights Watch. 2012-08-14. Retrieved 2013-01-20."SADC: Press Angola, Zimbabwe on Rights as Elections Near". Human Rights Watch. 2012-08-14. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  14. ↑ name="state.gov">"Angola". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  15. ↑ "Angola". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2018-12-11. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 "Angola". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2013-01-19."Angola". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  17. ↑ name="state.gov">"Angola". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2013-01-19."Angola". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  18. ↑ name="Angola">"Angola". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2013-01-19."Angola". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  19. ↑ "Centre for Human Rights submits complaint against Angola to the African Commission, requesting for Provisional Measures to protect David Mendes". Centre for Human Rights. Archived from the original on 2012-07-03. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 "Angola". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2013-01-19."Angola". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  21. ↑ "World Report 2021: Rights Trends in Angola". Human Rights Watch (in Turanci). 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  22. ↑ "Humanitarian Demining Program". U.S. Embassy in Angola (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  23. ↑ "Angola: Stop Rape, Abuse of Congolese Migrants". Human Rights Watch. 2012-05-21. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  24. ↑ "Angola". International Disability Alliance. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  25. ↑ "Angola". Freedom House (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-01-26.
  26. ↑ "HIV/AIDS in Angola". The Bridge UK-Angola. Archived from the original on 2013-08-07. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  27. ↑ "Jornal de Angola - Notícias - Covid-19: Ministro do Interior fiscaliza medidas de segurança nas cadeias". Jornal de Angola (in Harshen Potugis). 2020-04-01. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  28. ↑ "Angola: COVID-19 - National Police Arrest 295 People in 24 Hours". allAfrica.com (in Turanci). 2020-05-04. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
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