Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di

Shaykh 'Abd al-Raḥman ibn Nāṣir al-Si'dī ( Larabci: الشيخ عبد الرحمن بن ناصر السعدي‎ ), wanda kuma aka fi sani da al-Si'di (1889-1957), malamin addinin Musulunci ne daga Saudiyya.Ya kasance malami kuma marubuci a UnaizahSaudi Arabia. Ya rubuta littafai sama da 40 a fagage daban-daban da suka hada da tafsiri da fiqhu da kuma aqida. al-Sa'di ya kasance mai tasiri a fagen tafsiri kuma littafinsa na tafsiri mai suna Taysir al-Kareem al-Rahman an bayyana shi a matsayin daya daga cikin shahararrun tafsirin malamansalafiyya na zamani.^[1] Ya yi aiki a matsayin limami da khateeb namasallacin jami' mafi girma kuma darakta na makarantar horar da addini, al-Ma'had al-'Ilmi, na Unayzah.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Al-Sa'di a garin Unayzah, al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1889.Mahaifinsa,Nasir al-Sa'di,limami ne kuma mai wa'azi a masallaci a Unayzah.Mahaifiyarsa, Fatimah bint Abdullah al-'Uthaymeen ta mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara hudu, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu yayinda yana da shekaru bakwai. Da farko matar mahaifinsa ta biyu ce ta kula da shi kuma daga baya aka sauya shi zuwa kulawar ɗan'uwansa,Hamad ibn Nasir al-Sa'di. ya kammala haddace Alkur'ani tun yana da shekaru goma sha ɗaya, sannan ya yi ilimin addini daga malaman da ke yankin sa.

A Lokacin da yake matasAbokanankokan karatunsa sun fara zuwa gare shi don taimako a cikin karatunsu.

Malamai

al-Sa'di yana da malamai da dama. Waɗan da sun haɗa da

Sheikh Muhammad Abdul-Kareem ibn Shibl, wanda a karkashinsa ya karanta fiqhu, usooul al-fiqh, da harshen larabci.
Sheikh Abdullahi bn A'id, wanda a karkashinsa ya karanta fiqhu, usooul al-fiqh, da harshen larabci.
Sheikh Ibrahim bn Hamad bn Jasir, wanda a karkashinsa ya karanta tafsiri, hadisi da ilimomin hadisi
Sheikh Sa'ab al-Tuwayjiri, undr wanda ya karanta fiqhu da usooul al-fiqh.
Sheikh Ali ibn Muhammad al-Nasaa'i, wanda a karkashinsa ya karanta Usul-deen
Sheikh Ali bn Nasir bn Wadi, wanda a karkashinsa ya karanta hadisi, tafsiri, usooul tafsir, da usooul al-hadeeth, sannan kuma an bashi ijazah a cikin littafai shida na hadisi .
Sheikh Muhammad al-Ameen al-Shinqiti, wanda a karkashinsa ya karanta tafsiri, hadisi, mustalah al-hadith, da harshen larabci.
Sheikh Salih bin Uthman Aal al-Qadhi, wanda a karkashinsa ya karanta tauhidi, tafsiri, fiqhu, da harshen larabci.
Sheikh Muhammad al-Mani', wanda ya karanta harshen larabci a karkashinsa
Sheikh Ibrahim bn Salih bn Isa, wanda a karkashinsa ya karanta Usul-deen

Da kowanne daga cikin malamansa na firamare, ya nazarci fannonin da suke da su na kwarewa,kamar yadda ibn Shibl da ibn A'idh da al-Tuwayjiri da Salih ibn Uthman,suka kasance ƙwararru a fannin fiqhu da usooul-fiqh,ibn Wadi da ibn Jasir kwararru ne a fannin tafsiri da hadisi da ilimomin hadisi, Al-Nasaa'i ya kasance kwararre a cikin al-tauhidi kuma al-Shinqiti da al-Mani' ƙwararru ne a harshen larabci.

Malaman al-Sa'di sun yi karatu a yankuna daban daban da suka hada da Hijaz, Masar,Iraki,Siriya,Indiya da Mauritania. Ta haka ne, al-Sa'di ya fuskanci wasu hanyoyin ilimi daban-daban a wajen yankin Najd nasa ba tare da ya yi tafiya ba.

A cikin malamansa, al-Sa'di ya fi karatu a wajen sheik Salih bn Uthman Aal al-Qadhi (alkali na Unayzah kuma limamin masallacin Jami'a) kuma ya kasance dalibinsa na yau da kullum har zuwa al-Wafatin Qadhi a 1932/1351AH.

Al-Sa'di' ya yi karatu a wurin Sheikh Muhammad Al-Ameen al-Shinqiti lokacin da al-Shinqiti ya zo koyarwa a Unayzah a shekarar 1911/1330AH.

Har'ila yau al-Sa'di ya nuna matukar sha'awar rubuce-rubucen ibn Taymiyah da ibn al-Qayyim kuma ayyukansu sun yi tasiri sosai.

Rayuwar sana'a

Al-Sa'd ya fara koyarwa ne tun yana dan shekara 23, ya ci gaba da halartar darussa a matsayin dalibi yayin da yake karantar da nasa ajujuwan har zuwa shekarar 1931/1350AH a lokacin da ya sadaukar da kansa gaba daya wajen koyarwa da rubutu da bayar da fatawa.

A shekarar 1935/1354AH, al-Sa'di ya kammala tafsirin Alkur'ani juzu'i na 8, mai suna Taysir al-Kareem al-Rahman.An bayyana Taysir al-Kareem al-Rahman, a matsayin wanda za a iya cewa daya ne daga cikin shahararrun tafsirin malaman salafiyya na wannan zamani.^[1]

A shekara ta 1941/1360AH al-Sa'di ya kafa dakin karatu na jama'a a Unayzah da kudin da Gwamna ya bayar.An gina wannan dakin karatu ne a matsayin fadada masallacin jami' na birnin, kuma shi ne dakin karatu na farko na jama'a a duk yankin Najd na kasar Saudiyya.

A shekara ta 1941/1360AH, an nada al-Sa'di a matsayin al-qadhi (alkali) na Unayzah, amma ya ki wannan matsayi.A cikin watan Ramadan 1942/1361AH aka nada shi a matsayin limami na farko kuma khateeb na babban masallacin jami' na birnin,wanda ya rike har ya rasu a shekara ta 1956/1376AH.A tarihi an danganta wannan rawar da matsayin Qadhi (alkali) na birnin,ta yadda limamin masallacin jami' ma zai zama kadhi na birnin,amma al-Sa'di ya ki amincewa da wannan matsayi kuma ayyukan biyu sun kasance daban-daban tun zamaninsa.^[2]

A cikin 1953/1373AH, an nada al-Sa'di a matsayin darektan ilimi na makarantar horar da addini, al-Ma'had al-ilmi, na Unayzah.Duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin Riyal 1000 a kowane wata na wannan matsayi wani adadi mai yawa a lokacin, al-Sa'di ya rubuta wa daraktan cibiyar cewa ya karbi mukamin ba tare da an biya shi ba.

Rungumar Sabbin Fasaha

Al-Sa'di ya shahara wajen runguma da bayar da shawarwarin sabbin fasahohi wajen hidimar yada IIimin addin,al-Sa'di shi ne mutum na farko da ya fara gabatar da masu magana da babbar murya ga birnin Unayzah,wanda da farko ya fuskanci turjiya.

A martanin da ya mayar,ya gabatar da khutbah ta hanyar babbar murya dangane da fa'idar amfani da fasahar zamani wajen yada ilimin addini. A shekara ta 1955/1375AH,al-Sa'di ya rubuta littafi mai suna, "Hujjojin Alƙur'ani da ke nuna cewa ilimomin zamani masu fa'ida na cikin Musulunci" An rubuta wannan littafi ne don jayayya,cewa ilimin kimiyya da masana'antu na zamani ya faɗi a cikin iyakokin Musulunci,don mayar da martani ga wasu da'awar da aka saɓa da su a wannan zamani.

Damuwa ga Matsalolin Zamani

Al-Sa'di ya yi sha'awar abubuwa da dama na wannan zamani.A shekarar 1956/1376AH,ya rubuta karamin aiki da aka sadaukar domin fayyace haramcin shan taba da illolinsa, na ruhi,jiki,da kudi. Ya kuma ce tsarin dashen gabobin jikin mutum ya halatta a karkashin shari’ar Musulunci.

Fiqhu

Tun da farko Al-Sa'di ya sami horon ne a madhab na Hanbali,wadda ita ce mafi rinjayen madhab na yankin Najd da yake zaune a cikinta. A cikin kuruciyarsa ya rubuta waka mai layi 400 didactic akan hukunce-hukuncen fiqhu na Hanbali.Tasirin rubuce-rubucen ibn Taymiyah da ibn al-Qayyim, wani lokaci yakan zabi muƙaman fiqhu a wajen babban matsayi na madhab na Hanbali.Ya kasance ya dauki matsayin ibn Taimiyyah.

Fitattun Dalibai

Al-Sa'di ya koyar da akalla dalibai 35 wadanda suka ci gaba da zama limamai, khateebai, Alqalai, ko malamai. Wani littafin tarihin rayuwar malaman yankin Najd ya lissafa dalibansa 140.Biyu daga cikin shahararrun dalibansa su ne Sheikh Muhammad bn Salih al-Uthaymeen da Sheikh Abdullah Aqeel. al-Sa'di ya nada al-Uthaymeen domin ya karbi aikinsa na malami kuma khateebin masallacin jami bayan rasuwarsa.

Sunan Al-Sa'di a matsayin malami kuma marubuci ya jawo hankalin dalibai ba kawai daga yankin al-Qassim ba har ma da wasu yankuna da dama.Yana karba akai-akai kuma yana amsa wasiƙun neman fatawa daga wasu ƙasashe na Larabawa da Ƙasar Indiya.Wani babban juzu'i na fatawa na al-sa'di wanda aka bayar a cikin wasikunsa da wasikunsa na kasashen waje an tattara su ne bayan mutuwarsa kuma aka buga a zamanin al-Fatawa al-Sa'diyyah.Tasirin Al-Sa'di da farin jininsa a lokacin rayuwarsa an danganta shi da yadda tun farko ya rungumi sabbin fasahohin yada ilimin addini.

Ayyukan Rubuce-rubuce

Al-Sa'di'i ya yi rubuce-rubuce sama da 40 a fannoni da dama da suka hada da tafsiri, fiqhu, hadisi, da aqida. Yawancin rubuce-rubucensa an rubuta su ne bayan ya kai shekaru 40.

Aiki na Asali

Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa na asali sun haɗa da:

Taysir al-Kareem al-Rahman, tafsirin Alqur'ani baki daya
Taysir al-Lateef al-Mannaan, tafsirin jigo na zababbun sassa na Alqur'ani.
Qawa'id al-Hisan li-Tafsir al-Qur'an, aiki a kan ka'idojin tafsiri.
al-Tawdheeh w'al-Bayan li-Shajarah al-Eemaan, a work of aqeedah .
Mukhtasir al-Usool al-Fiqh, aiki akan ka'idojin fiqhu
Bahjah al-Quloob al-Abrar, bayani kan ingantattun maganganun hadisi guda 99
Manhaj al-Salikeen, aikin fiqhu

Bayani

al-Haqq al-Wadhih al-Mubeen fee Sharh Tawheed al-Anbiyaa w'al-Mursaleen, a work of ' aqeedah, which is a information of a part of Nooniyah by ibn al-Qayyim
Tawdheeh al-Kafiyyah al-Shafiyyah, a rewriting of ibn al-Qayyim's Nooniyah poem in prose format
al-Qawl al-Sadeed fee Maqasid al - Tawhid
al-Tanbihat al-Latifah, an description of ibn Taymiyah 's al-'Aqeedah al-Wasitiyyah

Fassarar ayyukan al-Sa'di na Turanci

An fassara wasu ayyukan al-Sa'di zuwa Turanci, ciki harda

Tafseer al-Sa'di (10 Juzu'i Set), fassarar Taysir al-Kareem al-Rahman
Hanyar Gaskiya: Waƙar Aqida da Hanya, fassarar waƙar al-Manhaj al-Haqq.
Lu'u-lu'u mai ban sha'awa, fassarar al-Durr al-Bahiyyah
Mahimman Fiqh, fassarar al-Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyyah
Itacen Imani, fassarar al-Tawdheeh w'al-Bayan li-Shajarah al-Eemaan.
Darasi da aka koya daga labarin Yusuf fassarar Fawa'id Mustanbitah min Qissah Yusuf.

Rashin lafiya da Mutuwa

A cikin 1950/1371AH, al-Sa'di ya fara fama da matsalolin rashin lafiya da suka shafi hawan jini da Atherosclerosis. Da jin matsalar lafiyarsa sarki Sa'ud ya aika da likitoci biyu ta jirginsa na kansa, domin su je wurin Sheikh Al-Sa'di. Likitocin sun ba shi shawarar da ya kara neman magani a kasar Lebanon, inda suka yi masa rakiya na tsawon wata guda a shekarar 1953/1373AH.A wannan lokacin ya murmure amma an shawarce shi da ya rungumi salon rayuwa mara wahala, bayan ya koma Unayzah ya ci gaba da aikinsa na limami, Malami,khateeb da marubuci. Al-Sa'di' ya rasu daga irin wannan matsalar rashin lafiya a shekara ta 1957/1376AH.

Rigingimu

A shekara ta 1940/1359AH, al-Sa'di ya rubuta wani takaitaccen littafi kan abin da ya shafi Yajuj wa Ma'juj a cikinsa,inda ya yi jayayya bisa dalilai na addini da na ƙasa, cewa al'ummar Yajuj da Ma'juj sun riga sun tsira da shamakinsu,ya bar kan iyakokinsu kuma ya gauraya da sauran al'ummomi kafirai. Labarin da'awar al-Sa'di a cikin wannan aiki ya bazu cikin birnin Najd, wanda ya haifar da saɓani mai karfi tsakanin wadanda suka amince da shawarar al-Sa'di da wadanda ke adawa da su, kuma al-Sa'di ya fuskanci wani cin zarafi da suka daga wajen sakamakon takwarorinsa.Rikicin ya ci gaba da yaduwa har sai da aka yi magana da Sarki Abdul-Aziz bn Saud, wanda ya aika aka kira al-Sa'di ya gana da shi a Riyadh. Al-Sa'di ya yi tattaki shi kadai don ganawa da Sarki inda Sarki ya tarbe shi da karbar baki tare da wasu malamai da suka taru a wurin.Sarkin ya bukaci al-Sa’di, da ya bar lamarin saboda tada hankali da ya haifar, kuma al-Sa’di ya amince da yin hakan,yana mai cewa bai yi tsammanin irin wannan lamari zai taso daga wani karamin lamari na bincike na ilimi ba.Daga karshe al-Sa'di bai buga wannan littafi ba, ko kuma ya ambaci wasu batutuwan da ke cikinsa a cikin koyarwa ko rubuce-rubucen da suka biyo baya, ko da yake ba a san ya yi watsi da wadannan mukamai ba.

tsakanin wadanda suka amince da shawarar al-Sa' i da wadanda ke a dawa da su, kuma al-Sa'di ya fuskanci wani cin zarafi da suka daga wajen sakamakon takwarorinsa. Rikicin ya ci gaba da yaduwa, har sai da aka yi magana da Sarki Abdul-Aziz bn Saud, Wanda ya aika aka kira Al-Sa'di ya gana da shi a Riyadh. Al-Sa'di ya yi tattaki shi kadai don ganawa da Sarki, inda Sarki ya tarbe shi da karbar baki tare da wasu malamai da suka taru a wurin,sarkin ya bukaci al-Sa’di da ya bar lamarin saboda tada hankali da ya haifar, kuma al-Sa’di ya amince da yin hakan,yana mai cewa bai yi tsammanin irin wannan lamari zai taso daga wani karamin lamari na bincike na ilimi ba.^[3]Al-Sa'di' a karshe, bai buga wannan littafi ba ko ya ambaci wasu batutuwan da ke cikinsa a cikin koyarwa ko rubuce-rubucen da suka biyo baya, duk da cewa ba a san ya yi watsi da wadannan mukamai a bainar jama'a ba.^[3]

Al-Sa'di shi ne mutum na farko da ya fara gabatar da lasifika masu sauti a birnin Unayzah,wanda da farko ya fuskanci turjiya.

al-Sa'di a martanin da ya mayar ya gabatar da khutbah ta hanyar babbar murya, dangane da fa'idar amfani da fasahar zamani wajen yada ilimin addini.

Al-Sa'di ya gudanar da dashen gabobi don ya halatta,wanda hukunci ne mai kawo cece-kuce a zamaninsa.

Kyauta

A watan Nuwamba 2019, Jami'ar Qassim ta shirya wani taro na kwanaki biyu mai taken "Sheikh Abdur-Rahman al-Sa'di da Tasirinsa kan Ilimi da yaɗuwar Addini."Shugaban majalisar gudanarwar harkokin masallatai masu tsarki guda biyu Abdul Rahman al-Sudais ne ya bude wannan taro, kuma ya hada da babban mufti na Saudiyya Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al Shaykh,memba na majalisar na Manyan Malamai Saad al-Shithri,da kuma gwamnan yankin al-Qassim.^[4]Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan taron shi ne a ba da haske kan gadon al-Sa'di da karfafa karin bincike kan tunaninsa da dalilan shari'a.^[4]

Al-Sa'di ya bar 'ya'ya uku, Abdullah, Muhammad da Ahmad. Abdullah al-Sa'di ya rasu a shekara ta (1984/1405AH)shima dalibin ilimi ne kuma ya buga wasu rubuce-rubucen mahaifinsa bayan rasuwarsa.

Duba kuma

Muhammad bin al-Usaimin
Abd al-Aziz bin Baz
Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani

Manazarta

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Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

Media related to Abd ar-Rahman ibn Nasir as-Sa'di at Wikimedia Commons
Biodata at MuslimScholars.info

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