Adabi hausa

Littattafan Hausa duk wani aiki ne da aka rubuta a cikin Harshen Hausa. Ya haɗa da shayari, rubutu, rubuce-rubuce, kiɗa, da wasan kwaikwayo. Littattafan Hausa sun haɗa da wallafe-wallafen gargajiya, wanda aka rubuta da yawa, kuma suna ba da hanyar yin rikodin, adanawa, da watsa ilimi, musamman game da zamantakewa, tunanin mutum, ruhaniya, ko siyasa.

Ana rarraba ayyukan Hausa bisa ga ko su waka ne, rubutu ko wasan kwaikwayo. Irin waɗannan ayyukan ana rarraba su bisa ga lokutan tarihi; in ba haka ba, ana iya rarraba su ne bisa ga bin su ga wasu siffofi ko nau'ikan kyawawan abubuwa.

Tarihi

Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen Hausa sun kasance tun daga karni na 14, lokacin da mutanen Hausa suka fara rubuta nassosi. Da farko, an rubuta harshen Hausa a cikin Rubutun Larabci da ake kira Ajami . A wannan lokacin, Hausa ba su da hanyar adana ayyukansu don nan gaba.

Littattafai na farko

Mawallafa na farko sun hada da Ibn Al-Sabbagah da Muhammad Al-Barnawi . Sauran marubutan Hausa na farko da ke amfani da rubutun Larabci sune Abdullahi Sikka da Sheikh Jibril Ibn Umar .

Works  of the early Hausa literature were re-discovered by a jihad  issued by Shehu Usman dan Fodio in the late 19th century. Elites of that period (royalists and Emires) became enamored with Hausa literature. During this period, the Hausa closely studied Islamic and Arabic literature. Royalists such as Usman dan Fodio, Muhammed Bello, and Nana Asmaʼu possessed many Islamic writings and works, all written in the Ajami or the Arabic script. During this revival, Islamic books were often written in Ajami, but by then scholars had a means of archiving their works for future generations . 

From about 1800 to 1930, all Hausa literature was written in Ajami script as a result of deeply rooted Islamic influences. Following the arrival of British colonials in 1904, when the Hausa people were forced  into Western-style education systems by their colonial masters, most Hausa became accustomed to reading and writing in the Latin script. Many religious writings by Usman dan Fodio and his younger brother Abdullahi dan Fodio remain from the nineteenth century. Nana Asma'u, daughter of Abdullahi Fodio, is considered one of the greatest women writers in northern Nigerian history. 

An fara gabatar da litattafan Hausa ne a lokacin mulkin mallaka, lokacin da aka hade Arewacin Najeriya da Kudancin Najeriya.  Baturen Rupert East ya kafa gasar Hausa a karshen shekarar 1933;  wannan ya kai ga rubuta litattafai na farko da Hausa.  A karkashin Hukumar Fassara ta Arewacin Najeriya, malamai da marubuta da masana da dama sun shiga gasar Hausa.  Abubakar Imam ya lashe gasar ne da littafinsa na farko mai suna Ruwan Bagaja (ma'ana "Ruwan Magani").  A wannan shekarar ne ma’aikatar ta sake buga wani littafi, na Muhammadu Bello Kagara, mai suna Ganɗoki, wanda ya taimaka wa marubuta da masu karatun Hausa a nan gaba.  Bayan shekaru da yawa, ofishin ya sake buga wani littafin Hausa mai suna Magana Jari Ce ("Magana Yana da Riba") na Abubakar Imam.

Amfani na zamani

An yi amfani da wasa kwaikwayo na wallafe-wallafen Hausa don nuna wasan kwaikwayo na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo yayin taro. [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] Wasan kwaikwayo ya haɗa da haɗuwa da kiɗa da rawa wanda ke faruwa a cikin Dandali (gidan wasan kwaikwayo). Ba kamar Gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Ingilishi da Girkanci ba, Dandali wuri ne mai budewa ba tare da wurin zama ba. Mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo ne ke yin wasan kwaikwayo, kuma galibi ya ƙunshi tattaunawa tsakanin haruffa da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo.  

An kafa salon zamani na wallafe-wallafen Hausa a cikin 1999 ta hanyar Fim din yaren Hausa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, yawancin 'yan asalin Hausa a ƙauyuka da garuruwa sun watsar da wasan kwaikwayo na al'adu saboda ci gaban fasahar sadarwa.

Mata na zamani na Hausa suna buga wani nau'i na wallafe-wallafen Hausa da aka sani da 'littattafan soyayya' (littattafan sonyayya), wanda sau da yawa suke ba da labari a rediyo.

Marubutan Hausa da aka sani

Islamic writers are categorised according to time period in which they lived. 

Lokacin farko (karni na 14 zuwa na 17)

• Muhammad al-Maghili was a Berber from North Africa born in what is now Algeria. He wrote On The Obligations of Princes in Kano for Muhammad Rumfa in the 15th century.
• Muhammad ibn al-Sabbagh was a 17th-century scholar and author from Katsina, Northern Nigeria. He was a writer of praise poetry. For example, he wrote a poem celebrating the Sultan of Borno's conquest of the Jukun people. He also wrote a poem praising the Sultan of Katsina, Muhammad Uban Yari.
• Muhammad ibn Masani, also from Katsina, was the student of Muhammad ibn al-Sabbagh. He produced may works in the Hausa language during the 17th century, one of which was a documentary on the Yoruba people. Muhammad Bello, who lived some 200 years later, mentioned this work in his Infaq'l-Maysuur. His work Azhar al-ruba fi akhbar Yuruba was one of the earliest written accounts on the transatlantic slave trade by an indigenous African. He also noted that free Muslim people were taken from all parts of Hausaland and sold to European Christians. He also wrote to a jurist in Yorubaland explaining how to determine the time for the sunset prayer. He also transcribed a poem he had heard from Wakar Yakin Badara, a woman in Katsina. Muhammad ibn Masani is known to have written at least ten books.
• Abdullahi Suka was a 17th-century Kano scholar of Fulbe ancestry. He is said  to have written the oldest extant literature in Hausa, Riwayar Annabi Musa. He also authored Al-Atiya li'l muti ("The Gift of the Donor") and many others.
• Salih ibn Isaq wrote an account of Birnin Garzargamu in 1658, describing the capital city of Borno during the reign of Mai Ali ibn Al Hajj Umar.
• Sheikh Jibril ibn Umar was an 18th-century scholar and author. In his work Shifa al-Ghalil, he criticised Muslims who mixed indigenous beliefs with Islam. The combination of animist practices and Islam was one of the main reasons given for the jihad declared by Uthman dan Fodio during the 19th century.

Lokacin sabuntawa (karni na 19 - 21)

An gano malaman Hausa Musulmi a cikin karni na 19 lokacin da salon wallafe-wallafen su ya sake zama sananne a tsakanin Musulman Hausa.

Dubi kuma

• Littattafan Yoruba
• Littattafai masu kyau
• Littattafan Igbo
• Littattafan Edo

Bayanan littattafai

• Bobboyi, H., Yakubu, Mahmud. (2006). Halifa ta Sokoto: tarihi da gado, 1804-2004, 1st Ed. Kaduna, Najeriya: Gidan Arewa. ISBN 978-135-166-7ISBN 978-135-166-7 
• [Hasiya] Yankin Benue na Tsakiya da Jihad na Sokoto, 1812-1869: tasirin kafa Masarautar Muri . Kaduna: Arewa House, Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello. ISBN 978-125-085-2. OCLC 238787986.ISBN 978-125-085-2   
• Usman Muhammad Bugaje. Hadisin Tajdeed a Yammacin Afirka: Taron Kasa da Kasa na Bayani kan Hadisin Ilimi a cikin Khalifancin Sokoto & Borno . Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci, Jami'ar Sokoto (Yuni 1987)
• Hugh AS Johnston . Daular Fulani ta Sokoto . Oxford: 1967. ISBN 0-19-215428-1.ISBN 0-19-215428-1 
• S. J. Hogben da A. H. M. Kirk-Greene, The Emirates of Northern Nigeria, Oxford: 1966.
• Muhammadu Bello Kagara. Sarkin Katsina. ISBN 978-169-209-XISBN 978-169-209-X