Doris Lessing
Doris Lessing (Doris May Tayler, 22 ga Oktoba 1919 - 17 Nuwamba 2013) marubuciyar Burtaniya ce. A 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Nobel a Adabi. Masu ba da rahoto sun gaya wa Doris cewa ta lashe kyautar Nobel kuma sun tambaye ta "Shin ba ki yi mamaki ba?". Ta ce ta riga ta "lashe duk wasu kyaututtukan adabin Turai" don haka samun kyaututtukan al'ada ne.
Rayuwar farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Lessing a Iran a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 1919. Iyayenta duka turawa ne. Sun hadu ne a Royal Free Hospital . Mahaifinta, Kyaftin Alfred Tayler, mai haƙuri ne saboda ya rasa ƙafarsa a Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya. Mahaifiyarta, Emily Maude Tayler (sunan budurci McVeagh), ma'aikaciyar jinya ce.
Alfred Tayler da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa Kermanshah, Iran. Ya fara aiki a can a matsayin magatakarda na Babban Bankin Farisa . An haifi Doris anan 1919. Daga baya, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa mulkin mallaka na Kudancin Rhodesia (wanda yanzu ake kira Zimbabwe ) a 1925 don noman masara.
Lessing yayi karatu a Makarantar Sakandaren Dominican Convent a Salisbur (yanzu Harare ). Makarantar zuhudun Katolika ce ta 'yan mata. [1] Ta bar makaranta tana da shekara 14, kuma ta koyar da kanta bayan hakan. Ta bar gida a 15 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aikin jinya . Ta fara karatu game da siyasa da ilimin zamantakewa kuma ta fara rubutu a wannan lokacin. A cikin 1937, Lessing ta koma Salisbury don yin aiki a matsayin mai aikin tarho . Ba da daɗewa ba ta auri mijinta na farko, Frank Wisdom. Suna da yara biyu (John da Jean), kafin auren ya ƙare a 1943. [2] Ta kula da marubuci nan gaba Jenny Diski bayan iyayenta sun zage ta. Diski ya zauna tare da Lessing tsawon shekaru hudu a London.
Bayan kisan aurenta, Lessing ta ƙara shiga cikin membobin ƙungiyar left book . Ta shiga wannan ƙungiyar littafin kwaminisanci shekara da ta gabata. Ta sadu da mijinta na biyu, Gottfried Lessing a can. Sun yi aure ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta shiga ƙungiyar, kuma ta haifi ɗa mai suna Peter. Wannan aure ya ƙare da saki a 1949. Gottfried Lessing daga baya ya zama jakadan Jamus ta Gabas a Uganda . An kashe shi a cikin tawaye 1979 akan Idi Amin Dada .
Ta tafi Landan don ci gaba da aikinta na rubutu da manufofin gurguzu. Lessing ta bar yara ƙanana biyu tare da mahaifinsu a Afirka ta Kudu. peter, daga aurenta na biyu, ya tafi tare da ita. Daga baya ta ce tana tunanin ba ta da zabi a wannan lokacin. Ta ji ta yi iyakacin abin da za ta iya kuma ba ita ce mafi kyawun mutumin da za ta yi renon yaran ba. Da za ta yi takaici matuka kamar yadda mahaifiyarta ta kasance saboda yana da mahimmanci mace mai hankali ta ciyar da duk lokacinta tare da yara ƙanana.
Amsoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Babbar tarin rubuce -rubucen Lessing yana a Cibiyar Bincike ta 'Yan Adam ta Harry Ransom, a Jami'ar Texas a Austin . Akwai akwatuna 45 na kayan Lessing a Cibiyar Ransom waɗanda ke ɗauke da kusan duk rubutattun rubutunta da rubutunta har zuwa 1999. Lessing ba ta riƙe ko ɗaya daga cikin ainihin rubutunta na farko ba. Sauran cibiyoyi, gami da ɗakin karatu na McFarlin a Jami'ar Tulsa, suna ɗaukar ƙaramin tarin.
Mutuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Lessing ya gamu da bugun jini wanda ya hana ta yin balaguro a shekarun baya kuma ya mai da hankalinta kan mutuwa. Lessing ta mutu a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 2013 a gidanta da ke Landan, tana da shekara 94. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Kyaututtuka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Kyautar Somerset Maugham (1954)
- Prix Médicis étranger (1976)
- Kyautar Jihar Austriya don Adabin Turai (1981)
- Alfred Toepfer Stiftung FVS, Hamburg (1982)
- WH Smith Literary Award (1986)
- Kyautar Palermo (1987)
- Premio Internazionale Mondello (1987)
- Premio Grinzane Cavour (1989)
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize don tarihin rayuwa (1995)
- Kyautar Littafin Los Angeles Times (1995)
- Premium Internalional Catalunya (1999)
- Umarnin Sahabban Daraja (1999)
- Abokin Adabi na Royal Society of Literature (2000)
- Kyautar David Cohen (2001)
- Premio Príncipe de Asturias (2001)
- Kyautar ST Dupont Golden PEN (2002)
- Lambar Nobel a Adabi (2007)
Ayyuka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Carol Simpson Stern. Doris Lessing Biography. biography.jrank.org. Retrieved on 11 October 2007.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedscifirefa - ↑ 'Doris Lessing Dies Age 94' The Guardian, 17 November 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013
- ↑ BBC News: Author Doris Lessing dies aged 94 (accessed 17 November 2013)
- ↑ Doris Lessing: A Retrospective: Biography (accessed 17 November 2013)
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedVerongos - ↑ The Telegraph: Doris Lessing, Nobel Prize-winning author dies at 94 (accessed 17 November 2013)