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Hakkin Ɗan Adam a Ivory Coast

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Hakkin Ɗan Adam a Ivory Coast
human rights by country or territory (en) Fassara
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Ƙasa Ivory Coast
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 8°N 6°W / 8°N 6°W / 8; -6
tambarin Ivory coast kenam

Ivory Coast kasa ce da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara a yammacin Afirka. Wakiliyar dimokuradiyyar shugaban kasa ne inda ake kare hakki a cikin kundin tsarin mulki, dokokin kasa da kasa, da kuma dokar gama-gari. A matsayinta na memba na Hukumar Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Jama'ar Afirka, ƙungiya ce a cikin Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan yancin ɗan adam da jama'a[1] kuma mai rattaba hannu kan manyan yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya. A cikin 2011, yakin basasa na biyu na Ivory Coast ya ga karuwar tashin hankali da cin zarafi. Ko da yake an samu ci gaba wajen sasantawa, shari'ar da aka yi wa uwargidan tsohon shugaban kasar, Simone Gbagbo (wadda aka wanke ta a shekarar 2017) ta nuna cewa ba a magance tushen matsalolin ba; babu wanda aka samu da laifin cin zarafin bil'adama. A cewar rahoton na Human Rights Watch na 2018, "Ci gaba da rashin da'a daga jami'an tsaro da masu tayar da kayar baya na sojojin sun nuna rashin jin dadi na sabon zaman lafiyar kasar." [2]

Tushen hakkoki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsarin Mulki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 2016 na Ivory Coast Title 1: Haƙƙin ɗan adam, 'yanci da ayyuka.[3]

  • Mataki na 3 yana kare hakkin rayuwa.
  • Mataki na 4 yana kare hakki daga nuna wariya dangane da addini, kabila, launin fata, ra'ayi, matsayin zamantakewa ko jima'i.
  • Mataki na 5 yana haramta bauta, azabtarwa, aikin tilastawa, kaciya da fataucin mutane.
  • Mataki na 6 yana ba da kariya ga adalci da daidaito.
  • Mataki na 7 yana kare hakkin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da adalci.
  • Mataki na 9 yana kare hakkin ilimi da kiwon lafiya.
  • Mataki na 11 yana kare hakkin mallaka.
  • Mataki na 15 yana kare kyakkyawan yanayin aiki da albashi mai kyau.
  • Mataki na 16 yana kare haƙƙin ma'aikatan yara.
  • Mataki na 17 yana kare hakkin shiga cikin kungiyar kwadago.
  • Mataki na 19 yana kare 'yancin yin tunani da magana.
  • Mataki na ashirin da 20 yana kare 'yancin yin tarayya.
  • Mataki na 23 yana kare hakkin samun mafaka ga duk wanda ke jin tsoron tsanantawa bisa dalilan addini, siyasa ko falsafa.
  • Mataki na ashirin da hudu yana kare al'adu da fasaha.[4]

Dokokin kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ivory Coast ta amince da hurumin kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya a shekara ta 2003, inda ta mai da kasar alhakin laifukan kare hakkin dan adam da aka aikata bayan 19 ga Satumba 2002.[5] Ya sanya hannu kuma ya amince da Dokar Rome ta shekarar 2002 na Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifukan Duniya a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu 2013. [6] Ko da yake Ivory Coast ta rattaba hannu kan wasu manyan yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama, har yanzu ba ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da suka shafi 'yancin bakin haure-ma'aikata, wariyar launin fata da bacewar tilastawa ba (wanda ya bar shi ba tare da la'akari da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran kasashe ba).

International human-rights treaties
Treaty Organisation Introduced Signed Ratified
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women United Nations 1979 1980 1995
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women United Nations 1999 - 2012
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide United Nations 1948 - 1995
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination United Nations 1966 - 1973
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights United Nations 1966 - 1992
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights[lower-alpha 1] United Nations 2008 - -
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights United Nations 1966 - 1992
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights United Nations 1966 - 1997
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of ApartheidCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content United Nations 1973 - -
Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanityCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content United Nations 1968 - -
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment United Nations 1984 - 1995
Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content United Nations 2002 - -
International Convention against Apartheid in SportsCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content United Nations 1985 - -
Convention on the Rights of the Child United Nations 1989 1990 1991
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict United Nations 2000 - 2012
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography United Nations 2000 - 2011
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedureCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content United Nations 2011 - -
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penaltyCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content United Nations 1989 - -
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their FamiliesCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content United Nations 1990 - -
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities United Nations 2006 2007 2014
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content United Nations 2006 2007 -
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced DisappearanceCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content United Nations 2006 - -

Batutuwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

2010-2011 rikice-rikice

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan zaben shekarar 2010, hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta mai samun goyon bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanar da cewa Alassane Ouattara ne shugaban kasar Ivory Coast. [7] Sai dai Laurent Gbagbo ya ki amincewa da sakamakon zaben inda ya kai kararsa ga majalisar tsarin mulkin Ivory Coast. Majalisar ta soke sakamakon; Gbagbo ya yi ikirarin shugabancin kasar, [7] ya haifar da rashin zaman lafiya da tashin hankali na siyasa.[8] A cewar Guillaume Ngefa, mataimakin darektan sashin kare hakkin bil adama na aikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kasar Ivory Coast, akalla mutane 462 ne suka mutu a tashin hankalin. [9] Kusan 'yan Ivory Coast 700,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu.[10]

Sojojin Ouattara sun kama Gbagbo a shekara ta 2011 tare da mika shi ga kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa domin fuskantar tuhume-tuhume hudu da suka hada da kisan kai da fyade da kuma tsanantawa.[11] Duk da cewa bangarorin biyu sun tafka cin zarafi da cin zarafi a lokacin rikicin, amma kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa ce ta binciki laifukan Gbagbo.[12]

Fataucin mutane

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Fataucin mutane a Ivory Coast matsala ce da aka dade ana fama da ita. Duk da cewa ana amfani da kasar wajen safarar yara da manya a cikin gida da waje, amma fataucin yara a cikin gida ya zama ruwan dare. [13] Gwamnatin Amurka ta gano manyan masana'antun da ake safarar yara maza da mata da manya; [13] Ana fataucin mata da farko don lalata da aikin tilastawa. Yin aikin yara a masana'antar koko ya yaɗu, inda ake kawo yara daga ƙasashen da ke kewaye don yin aiki cikin yanayi mara kyau a gonakin. [14] Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar na shekarar 2016 ya tabbatar da matakin da gwamnati ta dauka na kawar da fataucin mutane a kasar, tare da karin dokoki da kuma hukunta su.[15] Gwamnati ta kafa wani shiri na tsawon shekaru hudu na yaki da safarar mutane, kuma ta fara kama su na farko a karkashin sabuwar dokar a shekarar 2018.[ana buƙatar hujja]

UNICEF da sauran kungiyoyi suna aiki don taimakawa wajen ragewa da kawar da fataucin mutane daga Ivory Coast. Ma’aikatan UNICEF sun girke a kan iyakar kasar domin dakile masu safarar yara. Ita da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwarta suna aiki tare da gwamnati don taimakawa ƙarfafawa da aiwatar da dokokin da ake da su. [16]

Ayyukan yara a cikin masana'antar koko

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ivory Coast, wacce ke samar da kashi 41 cikin 100 na koko a duniya, ita ce ta fi kowacce noma a duniya; [17] masana'antu na samar da kashi 60 cikin 100 na kudaden shigar da kasar ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje. Aikin noman koko yana ɗaukar kusan mutane miliyan bakwai aiki a duk faɗin ƙasar. Kungiyar kwadago ta kasa da kasa ta kiyasta cewa Ivory Coast tana da yara 378,000 masu aiki; a lokacin, ƙasar ba ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Ƙarƙashin Shekaru ba. An ba da rahotanni da yawa game da bautar da yara masu haɗari a kan gonakin koko, kuma cibiyoyin kare hakkin bil adama na duniya sun yi kira da a daidaita matsalar da ta shafi bayin yara kimanin 15,000 a gonakin.[18] [19][20] Gwamnatocin Ivory Coast da Ghana sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashen biyu a shekara ta 2016 don yaki da safarar kan iyaka da tilasta wa yara sana'a.[21]

Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ivory Coast ta amince da hurumin kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa (ICC) a shekara ta 2003, duk da cewa ba ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Rome ba a lokacin; ta amince da dokar a watan Fabrairun 2013.[22] Kotun ta ICC ta bude bincike ne bayan rikicin da ya biyo bayan zaben 2011, wanda mai gabatar da kara na kotun ICC ya jagoranta, na dukkan laifuffukan da ake tuhuma daga ranar 19 ga watan Satumban 2002 zuwa yanzu. Binciken dai shi ne irinsa na farko da al'ummar kasar suka amince da hurumin kotun amma har yanzu ba su sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Rome ba.

Bayan binciken motu proprio da mai gabatar da kara na kotun ICC ya bude, an bayar da sammacin a shekarar 2011 na kama Laurent Gbagbo. [23] Ana binciken Gbagbo da tsohon ministan matasa Charles Blé Goudé kan laifukan cin zarafin bil adama da suka hada da kisan kai, fyade, yunkurin kisan kai, da kuma tsanantawa. [24] Ko da yake Gbagbo yana hannun kotun ICC, an sake duba tsare shi bisa la'akari da yiwuwar sakinsa na sauran shari'ar da ake yi masa. [25] Gbagbo shi ne tsohon shugaban kasa na farko da kotun ICC za ta gurfanar da shi. [25]

Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Ivory Coast

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Ivory Coast (Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme, LIDHO) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta siyasa da addini tare da manufar tabbatar da tsarin shari'a na gaskiya da adalci. [26] An kafa ta a ranar 21 ga watan Maris 1987, ta dogara ne da gudummawar ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa. [26] Kungiyar ta mayar da hankali kan bincike da samar da kayan ilimi a matsayin zauren bin doka, da yin tir da take hakkin dan Adam da samar da dabarun shawo kan su. [27] LIDHO tana aiki ne a fannoni da dama da suka hada da daidaiton jinsi da zaman lafiya. [27] Ba a amince da gasar ba sai a shekarar 1990, bayan mulkin danniya na Félix Houphouët-Boigny ya ƙare da mutuwarsa. Tun lokacin da aka amince da su, LIDHO ya yi aiki tare da cibiyoyi na kasa da kasa don bincikar cin zarafin bil'adama a Ivory Coast kuma sun haɗu da ƙungiyoyi daga bangarori daban-daban na addini, zamantakewa da siyasa a cikin Yarjejeniyar Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a na Ivory Coast don yin aiki tare da samar da zaman lafiya. [27]

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 2004, an kafa Operation na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Ivory Coast (ONUCI) don inganta zaman lafiya da 'yancin ɗan adam. An kafa shi yayin da rikici tsakanin jam'iyyun siyasa na Ivory Coast ya karu, ta yi aiki don cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. ONUCI ta kuma yi aiki don halalta zabe da kuma rage tashe-tashen hankula daga bangarorin biyu.[28] A lokacin rikicin siyasa na shekarar 2011, sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi aiki don tabbatar da tsaro da kare fararen hula da aka kama a yakin. An kara wa’adin ONUCI sau da dama domin nuna sauyin yanayin siyasar kasar. Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon ya fada a watan Maris din shekarar 2013 cewa, ko da yake wannan aiki na iya rage yawan sojojinsa saboda karuwar zaman lafiyar da ake samu a siyasance, amma har yanzu ana bukatar samar da zaman lafiya da kuma tattaunawa ta kasa.[29] An kawo karshen aikin ne a ranar 30 ga watan Yunin 2017, amma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran kungiyoyi masu tallafawa na ci gaba da bayar da kudade da taimako don wanzar da zaman lafiya da hada kai da gwamnati don tabbatar da zaman lafiya.[30]

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Daidaiton jinsi a Ivory Coast

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights" . African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights . Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  2. ↑ "Côte d'Ivoire Events of 2017" . Human Rights Watch . Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  3. ↑ "Cote D'Ivoire Constitution" . Constitute Project. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  4. ↑ "Cote D'Ivoire 2016" . Constitute Project . Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  5. ↑ "Situation in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire" . International Criminal Court . Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  6. ↑ "Situation in the Republic of the Côte d'Ivoire" . International Criminal Court . Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis" (PDF). Retrieved 26 January 2021.Empty citation (help)
  8. ↑ Walt, Vivienne (21 December 2010). "Ivory Coast: Trying to Break a Bloody Cycle" . Time . ISSN 0040-781X . Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  9. ↑ Touré, H. 2011, Summary of UNOCI Weekly Press Conference, United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire.
  10. ↑ Nebehay, Stephany. "Nearly one million Ivorians uprooted by conflict: UNHCR" . AF . Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  11. ↑ "Timeline: Ivory Coast" . www.aljazeera.com . Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  12. ↑ "They Killed Them Like It Was Nothing" | The Need for Justice for Côte d'Ivoire's Post- Election Crimes" . Human Rights Watch . 5 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Cote d'Ivoire". U.S. Department of State (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-10-03."Cote d'Ivoire" . U.S. Department of State . Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  14. ↑ "Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery in Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)" . gvnet.com . Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  15. ↑ "Cote d'Ivoire" . U.S. Department of State . Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  16. ↑ "Child trafficking in Côte d'Ivoire: Efforts under way to reverse a tragic trend" . UNICEF. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  17. ↑ "Challenges of the Cocoa Industry in Cote D'Ivoire" . Child Labour Monitoring System .
  18. ↑ Lamb, Christina (21 April 2001). "The child slaves of the Ivory Coast - bought and sold for as little as £40" . Daily Telegraph . ISSN 0307-1235 . Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  19. ↑ "Inside Big Chocolate's Child Labor Problem" . Fortune . Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  20. ↑ Hawksley, Humphrey (10 November 2011). "Calls to end child labour on West Africa's cocoa farms" . BBC News . Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  21. ↑ "GHANA AND COTE D' IVOIRE SIGN AGREEMENT TO FIGHT CHILD TRAFFICKING - Government of Ghana" . www.ghana.gov.gh . Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  22. ↑ "Situation in Côte d'Ivoire" . International Criminal Court . Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  23. ↑ Tawa, Netton Prince with Engelsdorfer, Alexandra. 2017. ‘Acceptance of the International Criminal Court in Côte d’Ivoire: Between the Hope for Justice and the Concern of ‘Victor’s Justice.’ In After Nuremberg. Exploring Multiple Dimensions of the Acceptance of International Criminal Justice, edited by Susanne Buckley-Zistel, Friederike Mieth and Marjana Papa. Nuremberg: International Nuremberg Principles Academy.
  24. ↑ "Laurent Gbagbo and Charles Blé Goudé" . Coalition for the International Criminal Court . Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "ICC judges ordered to review Laurent Gbagbo's detention" . Al Jazeera . 20 July 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2018.Empty citation (help)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme" . World Coalition Against the Death Penalty . Retrieved 3 October 2018.Empty citation (help)
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 "Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme". Peace Insight (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-10-03."Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme" . Peace Insight . Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  28. ↑ "The Election Context" . United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (in French). 1 October 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  29. ↑ "UNOCI Background" . United Nations Operation in Cote D'Ivoire .
  30. ↑ "The Final Closure of the UNOCI" . United Nations Operation in Cote D'Ivoire . 26 June 2017.
  1. ↑ Not ratified
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