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Hamzah Fansuri

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Hamzah Fansuri
Rayuwa
Haihuwa 16 century
ƙasa Indonesiya
Mutuwa 1590
Karatu
Harsuna Indonesian (en) Fassara
Sana'a
Sana'a marubuci, mai falsafa da maiwaƙe
Wurin aiki Aceh (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Musulunci

Hamzah Fansuri ( Jawi : حمزه فنسوري ; kuma ya rubuta Hamzah Pansuri, d. c. 1590 ?) marubuci ne na Sumatran Sufi na ƙarni na 16, kuma marubuci na farko da aka san shi da rubuta ra'ayoyin sufanci a cikin harshen Malay . Ya rubuta wakoki da kuma karin magana.

Rayuwarsa

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Bayani kan rayuwar Hamzah ya fito ne daga takhallus bait (alƙalami mai suna stanza) wanda ya ƙare waƙarsa ( syair ), da kuma aikin almajirinsa Hasan Fansuri da sharhi kan waqoqin Hamzah. Koyaya, yawancin bayanan tarihin rayuwarsa ba su da tabbas. [1] Sunansa ya nuna cewa yana iya kasancewa daga Barus (wanda aka fi sani da Fansur zuwa Larabawa), ko kuma ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa a can. [2] [3] Hakanan an ba da shawarar hanyar haɗi zuwa Siamese Ayutthaya ( Shahr-i-Naw ), kodayake yana iya yiwuwa ya yi tafiya zuwa Ayutthaya maimakon kasancewar wurin haifuwarsa. [4] An shigar da shi cikin darikar Sufaye [5] kuma ana tsammanin ya yi aiki a kotun Aceh Sultanate

Hamzah ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa, kuma an san ya ziyarci tsibirin Malay, Mughal India, Makka da Madina, da Baghdad . [6] Ya kasance daya daga cikin mutanen Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya na farko da suka kammala aikin hajji a farkon karni na 16. [7] [8] Ana kyautata zaton ranar mutuwarsa ta kasance kusan 1590 ko kafin haka, [9] ko da yake an gabatar da wani kwanan wata a zamanin Sarkin Musulmi Iskandar Muda . [10] Duk da haka, wani rubutu a kan wani kabari da aka samu a Makka ga wani Shaihu Hamza b. Abd Allah al-Fansuri (lura cewa an ƙalubalanci wannan shaidar) an rubuta kwanan wata 11 ga Afrilu, 1527. [11] Irin wannan farkon kwanan watan, idan ya tabbata, zai iya nuna cewa Hamzah ba ya zaune ko aiki a Aceh, maimakon ya kasance a Barus kafin ya tafi Makka inda ya rasu. [12]

Panentheism

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Hamzah Fansuri ta rubuto ta ne daga rubuce-rubucen malaman musulunci na zamanin da . Aqidar Ibn Arabi ta Waḥdat al-Wujud wacce ta shahara a Farisa da Mughal Indiya a cikin karni na 16 ya rinjayi shi. [13] Ya fahimci Allah a matsayin madaidaici cikin kowane abu, har da mutum ɗaya, kuma ya nemi ya haɗa kai da ruhun Allah da ke zaune. Ya yi amfani da koyarwar matakai bakwai na emanation ( martabat ) wanda Allah ya bayyana kansa a cikin wannan duniyar, yana ƙarewa a cikin cikakken mutum, koyarwar da ta yadu a Indonesia a lokacin. Masanin tauhidin Aceh Shamsuddin al-Sumatrani ne ya inganta koyarwarsa.

Sai dai daga baya Nuruddin ar-Raniri ya ce ra'ayinsa bidi'a ne saboda rashin dacewa da akidar Musulunci cewa Allah bai canja ba da halittunsa. [14] Nuruddin yayi tafiya zuwa Aceh kuma a karkashin ikonsa Sultana Taj ul-Alam yayi yunkurin kawar da ayyukan Hamzah da sunansa, kuma an kona rubuce-rubucensa.[6]

Wakar, syair ko ruba'i, na Hamzah Fansuri yawanci ba su wuce 13-15 ba, amma wasu na iya kaiwa 21. [15] 32 daga cikin wakokinsa sun tsira, kuma Hamzah ya sanya a kowace waka sunansa da bayanansa. game da kansa a karshen stanza ( takhallus bait ). Malamai sun yi tsokaci a kan fasahar fasaha da gwanintarsa a cikin wakokinsa, ingantaccen hada kalmomin Larabci zuwa tsarin wakokin Malay. Sun kuma lura da wani sha'awar rubutu a cikin ayyukansa wanda ke nuna barkwanci da nagarta ta waka. [16] [17] Ya kuma rubuta prose, kuma ayyukansa guda uku da suka tsira a cikin karatun su ne:

Ayyuka

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Shi ne marubuci na farko da ya yi rubutu game da koyarwar Sufaye a cikin harshen Malay, ko kuma duk wani yare na tsibirin Malay. [18]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Vladimir I. Braginsky (1999). "Towards the Biography of Hamzah Fansuri. When Did Hamzah Live ? Data From His Poems and Early European Accounts". Archipel. 57 (2): 135–175. doi:10.3406/arch.1999.3521
  2. ↑ R Michael Feener; Patrick Daly; Anthony Reed, eds. (January 1, 2011). Mapping the Acehnese Past. Brill. p. 33. ISBN 978-9067183659
  3. ↑ Keat Gin Ooi, ed. (13 October 2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Band 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 561. ISBN 978-1576077702
  4. ↑ G.W.J. Drewes and L.F. Brakel (eds. and tr.). The poems of Hamzah Fansuri. Dordrecht and Cinnaminson: Foris Publications, 1986. 08033994793.ABA, pp-3–18
  5. ↑ Tagliocozzo, Eric (2013-04-25). The Longest Journey: Southeast Asians and the Pilgrimage to Mecca. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-530827-3
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mary Somers Heidhues. Southeast Asia: A Concise History. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000. p. 81
  7. ↑ Mary Somers Heidhues. Southeast Asia: A Concise History. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000. p. 81
  8. ↑ M.C. Ricklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994. p. 51
  9. ↑ G.W.J. Drewes and L.F. Brakel (eds. and tr.). The poems of Hamzah Fansuri. Dordrecht and Cinnaminson: Foris Publications, 1986. 08033994793.ABA, pp-3–18
  10. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  11. ↑ Stefan Sperl; Christopher Shackle, eds. (1996). Classical Traditions and Modern Meanings. Brill Academic Publishing. p. 383. ISBN 978-9004102958
  12. ↑ L.F. Brakel (1979). "HAMZA PANSURI: Notes on: Yoga Practies, Lahir dan Zahir, the 'Taxallos', Punning, a Difficult Passage in the Kitāb al-Muntahī, Hamza's likely Place of Birth, and Hamza's Imagery". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 52 (1:235): 73–98. JSTOR 41492842
  13. ↑ L.F. Brakel (1979). "HAMZA PANSURI: Notes on: Yoga Practies, Lahir dan Zahir, the 'Taxallos', Punning, a Difficult Passage in the Kitāb al-Muntahī, Hamza's likely Place of Birth, and Hamza's Imagery". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 52 (1:235): 73–98. JSTOR 41492842
  14. ↑ M.C. Ricklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994. p. 51
  15. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  16. ↑ G.W.J. Drewes and L.F. Brakel (eds. and tr.). The poems of Hamzah Fansuri. Dordrecht and Cinnaminson: Foris Publications, 1986. 08033994793.ABA, pp-3–18
  17. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  18. ↑ Empty citation (help)
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