Kim Il-Sung
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Kim Il Sung ( Hangul , Kim Il Sŏng ; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1912 - ya mutu a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1994) shi ne shugaban Koriya ta Arewa na farko daga shekarar 1948 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar ta alib 1994. Ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1994. Gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa ta ba shi taken "Madawwami Shugaba" bayan mutuwarsa.
Kim Il Sung ne ya ƙirƙiro ra'ayin siyasa na Juche. Ya gudu Koriya ta Arewa daban da Tarayyar Soviet da China .
Lokacin da ya mutu, dansa Kim Jong Il a shekarar (1941 da shekara ta 2011) ya zama shugaban Koriya ta Arewa. Yana da wannan aikin har sai da ya mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2011. Jikansa, Kim Jong Un (an haife shi a shekara ta alif 1983) shi ne shugaban Koriya ta Arewa. Brotheran'uwansa, Kim Yong Ju (an haife shi a shekara ta 1920), shi ma jami'in gwamnati ne.
Sunan Kim Il Sung na nufin "wanda ya zama rana ".
Akwai fiye da 300 da mutummutumai da Kim Il Sung a Korea ta Arewa.
Kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Koriya ta Koriya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarar 1945, bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta shelanta yaƙi da Japan, Amurka ta jefa bam a Japan a Hiroshima da Nagasaki, wanda hakan ya raunana Daular ta Japan. Sojojin Soviet sun shiga Japan-Korea kuma suka kame Pyongyang da ƙyar da wahala. Sun sanya Kim Il Sung a matsayin shugaban reshen Koriya ta Arewa na Kwaminisancin Koriya kuma suka ba shi tankokin Soviet na zamani, manyan motoci, makamai da bindigogin sojojin Koriya (KPA). An ayyana Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Koriya ta Arewa a ranar 8 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 1948 duk da turjewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Shugaban Soviet Joseph Stalin ya naɗa Kim a matsayin shugaban sabuwar jihar. Yankin kudu na yankin Koriya ya ayyana kanta Jamhuriyar Koriya (Koriya ta Kudu) don ramuwar gayya. Hotunan Kim sun bayyana a Koriya ta Arewa tun daga shekarar 1949.
Yaƙin Koriya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarayyar Sobiyat ta amince da tsarin mulkin Kim a matsayin mallake Koriya baki daya, gami da kudu. An yarda da shi gaba ɗaya cewa Kim ya mamaye kudu ta hanyar shawarar kansa kuma Soviet ba ta yi tasiri a kansa ba. Kudancin ya cika da mamaki lokacin da sojojin Kim suka mamaye da sanyin safiyar 25 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1950. KPA sun kame Seoul da yawancin kudu ban da Pusan a kudu maso gabas. Sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wadanda galibi ke samun goyon bayan Amurka sun sauka a Koriya kuma suka fara tura KPA baya arewa. Da fari dai, sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun sami nasarar tura KPA baya ta 38th layi daya (layin kirki wanda ya raba Koreas yayin yakin). Sabuwar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da farko ba ta son ra'ayin cewa Koriya za ta sake haɗuwa a ƙarƙashin mulkin Kim amma sun yarda lokacin da Kim ya gaya musu cewa Stalin ya amince da mamayewar.
An sanya shi ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don jefa kuri'a kan ko sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya za su yi ƙoƙari su mallaki Koriya a ƙarƙashin mulkin dimokiradiyya. An zartar da shawarar tunda Tarayyar Soviet ba ta kasance yayin kaɗa kuri'ar. Idan da Soviet za su yi fatali da shawarar, da sojojin na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba su sami damar kara dannawa zuwa Koriya ba. Daga karshe sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kame Pyongyang kuma an tilastawa gwamnatin Kim tserewa zuwa arewacin Kogin Yalu zuwa cikin China. Sojojin China sun haɗu kuma daga ƙarshe suka tsallaka Kogin Yalu suka yi yaƙi tare da KPA da Red Army akan sojojin Amurka, Birtaniyya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Daga ƙarshe sun cimma matsaya tun da babu ƙarfin da zai iya mallakar cikakken ikon mallakar yankin. An sanya hannu kan sulhu a ranar 27 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 1953 wanda ya kawo ƙarshen yaƙin shekaru uku kuma ya kafa ƙasashe biyu masu iko na Koriya ta Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu. Tunda ba a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ba, koriyawan biyu a fagen fasaha suna cikin yanayin yaki da juna.
Jagoran Koriya ta Arewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarun farko, Koriya ta Arewa ta sha gaban makwabciyarta ta kudu ta fuskar tattalin arziki; mai yiwuwa saboda taimakon Sobiyat da na China. Kim ya girka tsarin tattalin arzikin Soviet mai tsari kamar yadda aka tsara. Gwamnatin ta mallaki hanyoyin samarwa kuma an tsayar da farashin abinci maimakon a bar shi ya tashi ya faɗi kamar a tsarin kasuwa. Kim Il Sung bisa ƙa'ida ya zama shugaban Koriya ta Arewa tare da kafa tsarin mulki na DPRK a cikin 1972 wanda ya nuna shi a matsayin Shugaban jamhuriya.
Kasantuwar Ta'addanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don yin daidai da ranar haihuwar Kim Il Sung na shekara saba'in a cikin shekarar 1982, an gina wata doguwar hasumiya mai tsayin dalla 170m da ake kira Juche Tower . An yi shi ne daga tubalin dutse 25,550; daya ga kowace rana ta rayuwar Kim.
Doka ce ta doka don samun hotonsa, tare da ɗansa Kim Jong Il, rataye a cikin gidan mutum. An bawa kowa kyalle na musamman don yin turbaya da tsaftace hotunan.
A cikin shekarar 1980s ajiyar alli ta haɓaka a bayan wuyan Kim Il Sung. Ya kumbura har zuwa girman lemu a mafi girma. Da sauri aka ƙaddara cewa aiki cire shi ba zai yiwu ba saboda kusancinsa da ƙashin bayansa. Bayan haka an hana 'yan jaridar Koriya ta Arewa ɗaukar hoto Kim Il Sung daga dama.
A cikin shekarar 1997 tare da Kim Jong Il ya ƙarfafa ikonsa sosai bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Koriya ta Arewa ta yi watsi da kalandar Miladiyya da ake amfani da ita a sauran duniya. Madadin haka suna amfani da kalandar Juche wacce ke farawa daga shekarar haihuwar Kim Il Sung shekarar (1912) kamar shekara 1. Misali, za a rubuta shekarar 2015 a matsayin Juche 104. Don lissafin kwanan wata a cikin shekarun Juche, a sauƙaƙe cire a shekarar 1911 daga shekarar da muke ciki. Ana rubuta kwanan wata a Koriya ta Arewa tare da Juche na farko; misali: 12 ga watan Afrilu, Juche 104 (2015).
Daga baya yayi mulki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A farkon 1990s, Koriya ta Arewa ta fara fuskantar yunwa, wanda ake wa laƙabi da 'Babban Yunwa' . A lokaci guda Tarayyar Sobiyat tana cikin mawuyacin canje-canje na tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma gami da fuskantar matsin tattalin arziki. Soviet, waɗanda suka ba DPRK abinci tare da waɗansu abubuwa tun ƙarshen 1940s, sun fara neman Koriya ta Arewa su biya su; kudin da DPRK basu mallaka ba. Tarayyar Sobiyar ta rushe a cikin 1991 kuma taimakon abinci kusan nan da nan ya tsaya. Kim Il Sung ta tsakiya shirya tsarin tattalin arziki, inda gwamnatin shirin tattalin arziki fitarwa a gaba, tabbatar da cewa ma inflexible don kauce wa tattalin arziki bala'i. A ranar 8th na Yuli 1994, Kim Il Sung ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba, ya bar ƙasarsa cikin mummunan fatara, rashin abinci mai gina jiki da warewa.
An ayyana lokacin makoki bayan ya mutu kuma bai ƙare a hukumance ba sai a 1997; shekara uku bayan mutuwa. Hisansa, mai jiran gado, Kim Jong Il ya gaje shi a matsayin babban shugaban Koriya ta Arewa. Kim Jong Il bai zama Shugaban ƙasa ba tunda aka baiwa Il-Sung taken girmamawa na 'Madawwami Shugaba' . Madadin haka aka nada shi Babban Sakatare na kwamitin tsakiya na kungiyar Ma'aikatan Koriya (shugaban jam'iyyar mai mulki). Don haka Koriya ta Arewa ita ce kasa daya tilo a duniya da mutum ya ke jagoranta ta hanyar fasaha.
Farfagandar jihar ta nuna Kim Il Sung a matsayin ubangiji ga mutane kuma lokacin da ya mutu mutane da yawa sun ji ɓacewa, damuwa da rikicewa saboda da yawa sun gaskata cewa ba zai iya mutuwa ba.
Juriya ga Japan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin mamayar Japan a Koriya, Kim Il Sung ya kasance tare da ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawayen adawa da yawa.