Magtymguly Pyragy
Magtymguly Pyragy ( Persian </link> Makhdumqoli [lower-alpha 1] Farāghi ; Turkmen </link> ; </link> ; c. 1724 – 1807), haifaffen Magtymguly, shugaban ruhaniya ne na Iran-Turkmen [2], mawaƙin falsafa, Sufi kuma matafiyi, wanda ake ɗaukarsa mafi shahara a tarihin adabin Turkmen.
Magtymguly shine babban wakilin wallafe-wallafen Turkmen, wanda aka ba da shi tare da ƙirƙirar wallafe-wallafen Turkmen, wanda nau'in wallafe-wallafensa ya zama alama mai ƙarfi na tarihi da wayewar al'ummar Turkmen. Yana daga cikin wani lokaci na musamman a tarihin al'adun Asiya ta Tsakiya, tare da hazakarsa na musamman da ke bayyana hidimomin wakokinsa na musamman ga tsarar mawaƙa na yankin na gaba. [3] An fassara wakokin mawaƙin Turkmen zuwa harsuna da yawa na duniya, ciki har da Ingilishi, Rashanci, [4] Kyrgyz, Romanian.
A cikin yanayi mai faɗi, ana sanya Magtymguly sau da yawa tare da manyan mutane na adabin Turkawa kamar Hoja Ahmad Yasawi, Yunus Emre, Ali-Shir Nava'i da Fizuli .
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rayuwar farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Magtymguly a Haji Qushan, wani ƙauye kusa da birnin Gonbad-e Qabus a lardin Golestan na zamani, Iran, tsaunukan arewa waɗanda aka fi sani da Turkmen Sahra (Turkmen steppes). [5] Ya kasance wani ɓangare na faffadan daular Safawad a farkon rabin karni na 18.
Sunan Magtymguly, wanda ke nuna "bawan Magtym," ya samo asali ne daga ɗaya daga cikin zuriyar da ake girmamawa a cikin al'ummar Turkmen. Baya ga sunansa, mawaƙin ya ɗauki suna ko makhlas na musamman, “Feraghi,” a cikin ayyukansa na adabi. Ya zo daga Larabci kuma yana nufin "wanda ya rabu da" farin ciki, ko tarayya da masoyinsa. [3]
Mahaifin Magtymguly shine Döwletmämmet Azady</link> , shi kansa mawaki mai ilimi. [3] Mahaifinsa kuma malami ne na gari kuma mullah, kuma mutanensa suna girmama shi sosai. [6]
Magtymguly ya sami ilimin farko a harsunan Turkmen, Farisa da Larabci daga mahaifinsa. [7] Ya kuma koyi sana’o’in kakanni irin su sana’ar ji da kuma, a cewar wasu majiyoyi, kayan ado. [8]
Magtymguly ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makarantu daban-daban (makarantar ilimi ta addini), ciki har da madrassa Idris Baba da ke kauyen Gyzyl Aýak</link> , Gögeldaş</link> Madrassah in Bukhara and Şirgazy</link> madrassa in Khiva . [8]
Magtymguly ya ba da mahimman bayanai game da kansa, danginsa da 'ya'yansa a cikin waƙarsa. A cikin wakarsa " Äleme belgilidir</link> Magtymguly ya ce: "Ku gaya wa waɗanda suka yi tambaya game da ni cewa ni Gerkez ne, na fito daga Etrek kuma sunana Magtymguly", yana bayyana mahaifarsa a matsayin bankunan Kogin Etrek kuma ya bayyana ainihinsa ta hanyar. kabilarsa [7]
Daga baya rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Magtymguly ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa a lokacin rayuwarsa, galibi don faɗaɗa iliminsa, tare da yankunan Azerbaijan a yau, Indiya, Iran da Uzbekistan a cikin ƙasashen da ya ziyarta. [7]
Ba a san da yawa game da rayuwar dangin Magtymguly ba. Bai iya auren wata mace da yake so daga ƙauyensa, Meňli ba</link> , wanda ya sadaukar da dimbin wakokinsa na soyayya. [7]
Abin da ke biyo baya shine jigon Magtymguly's Aýryldym</link> (Rabu) waƙar sadaukarwa ga Meňli</link> (a Turkmen na asali da fassarar turanci): [7] Magtymguly ya mutu a shekara ta 1807. [7] Wurin hutunsa yana ƙauyen Aq Taqeh-ye Qadim, a lardin Golestan na ƙasar Iran. A halin yanzu kabarinsa ya kasance wurin da ake gudanar da aikin hajji inda ake gudanar da addu’o’i da “zikiri” na Sufaye daga kabilu daban-daban. [3] [7]
Sufanci da sufanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Waqoqin Magtymguly da yawa suna nuna halayen falsafar Sufanci waɗanda ke jaddada wasu koyarwa da ayyuka na Alqur'ani da sunna, waɗanda ke bayyana manufofin ɗabi'a da na ruhaniya. [3]
Yawancin gazalin Magtymguly, duk da haka, lokacin da aka ɗauke su daga mahallin, da alama suna yin maganganun ƙiyayya game da addini. Duk da haka, Magtymguly bai kamata a kwatanta shi da wani mawaƙin Uzbekistan Mashrab, wanda ya kasance mai adawa da heterodox Sufi kuma aka rataye shi a shekara ta 1712, kuma bai kamata a kwatanta shi da wani mawaƙin Turkmen na Iraqi Nesimi, wanda ya ɗauki ra'ayi na Allahntaka . Antinomian heterodoxy ya bayyana ba shine babban abin da ke faruwa a cikin waƙar Magtymguly ba. Matsayinsa na al'ada, a haƙiƙa, shine tashar Sufi na khajrat (damuwa). [3]
Ayar mai zuwa ita ce kira zuwa ga bin “sunnah”, inda Magtymguly ma ke amfani da laqabin Aşyk Pyrak</link> (Feraghi-in-love). Lura: Layukan farko na farko su ne ainihin yaren (Turkmen) na waƙar da aka rubuta ta amfani da haruffan Larabci kamar yadda yake a ɗaya daga cikin rubuce-rubucen farko, na gaba kuma a cikin haruffan Turkmen na zamani; An bayar da fassarar Turanci a ƙasa.
- 2
- بوينومزدا اوش بو قرضين
- جان چقمان بريب كچلی
- Boýnumyzda uşbu karzyn,
- Jan çykman berip geçeli!
- Muna da wannan bashi a kafaɗunmu,
- Mu mayar kafin mu tafi!
A cikin waƙar da ke ƙasa, mai suna "Bady-sabany görsem"</link> (Ina so in ji Iskar Asuba), duk mutane ukun da Magtymguly ke son gani (an san su) ana ɗaukarsa fitattun mutane a cikin Sufanci, tare da Bahauddin shine wanda ya kafa ɗaya daga cikin manyan umarni Sufi Sunni, Naqshbandi . Magtymguly ya rayu a lokacin da kabilun Turkmen suka rasa matsugunansu daga ƙasarsu ta asali, kuma aka yi musu ganima sakamakon rigingimu da Iran da Khiva akai-akai. Ya ji haushin hakan, ya kuma bayyana ra’ayinsa na tuba a cikin waqoqinsa. [8] Lallai Magtymguly ya bayyana rashin amincewar jama'a sosai a cikin wakokinsa, amma tunaninsa na siyasa ya fi karkata ne wajen hada kan kabilun Turkmen da kafa siyasa mai zaman kanta ga Turkmen. [3]
Waka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Magtymguly ya kasance daya daga cikin mawakan Turkmen na farko da suka gabatar da amfani da na gargajiya Chagatai, harshen kotuna na Khans na tsakiyar Asiya, a matsayin yaren adabi, wanda ya kunshi fasahohin harsuna da dama na Turkmen. Waƙarsa tana misalta yanayin ƙara amfani da harsunan Turkawa maimakon Farisa; ana girmama shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa wakoki, adabi da harshe na Turkmen. Har ila yau, waƙar Magtymguly ta fara fara wani zamani da aka kwatanta da "Golden Age" a cikin adabin Turkmen. Sigar adabinsa ya zama wata alama mai ƙarfi ta tarihi da wayewar al'ummar Turkmen. [3]
Ba kamar mahaifinsa da wani fitaccen mawaƙin Turkmen na zamanin, Andalib, Magtymguly ya yi amfani da sigar strophic, yawanci quatrains (qoshuk) don waƙoƙin sa suna yin su. Galibin wakokinsa suna cikin nau'ikan wakokin Turkmen na jama'a, qoshuk da aydish, tare da na karshen kasancewa nau'in gasa ta kida galibi ta ƙunshi mawaƙa biyu. [3]
Gado
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Magtymguly wani lokaci ne na musamman a tarihin al'adun Asiya ta Tsakiya ; Hazakarsa ta musamman ta yi hasashe yadda ya tsara wakarsa ta gaba ga tsarar mawakan yankin na gaba. [3]
Ana sanya Magtymguly sau da yawa tare da manyan mutane na duniyar adabin Turkawa kamar Hoja Ahmad Yasawi, Yunus Emre, Ali-Shir Nava'i da Fizuli . [7]
Kungiyar Al'adun Turkawa ta Duniya ta ayyana shekarar 2024 a matsayin "Shekarar Babban Mawaki kuma Mai Tunanin Dala na Magtymguly na Turkiyya", an kuma hada da ranar tunawa da dala Magtymguly a cikin jerin muhimman ranaku da aka yi tare da UNESCO a 2024-2025 . Dangane da bikin zagayowar, an amince da wani babban shiri na bukukuwan bukukuwan a Turkmenistan da wasu kasashe, ciki har da Uzbekistan .
Abubuwan tunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Mayun shekarar 2024, an kaddamar da wani abin tarihi na tunawa da cika shekaru 300 da haihuwar mawaki kuma masanin falsafa Magtymguly Fragi a birnin Ashgabat a gindin tsaunin Kopetdag. Hoton mawaƙin mai tsawon mita 60 yana tsaye a kan tudu mai tsayin mita 20, wanda wani babban bene mai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwanƙwasa ke kaiwa.
An gina wani abin tunawa ga Magtymguly da aka yi da kankare da dutse na halitta a filin Magtymguly a kan titin Magtymguly a tsakiyar Ashgabat a cikin 1971. Yana kuma daya daga cikin mutum-mutumi da yawa da ke kewaye da abin tunawa da 'yancin kai a Ashgabat. Mutum-mutumin na nuna mutanen da aka yabo a Ruhnama, jagorar ruhaniya da shugaban kasar Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov ya rubuta .
An shigar da abubuwan tunawa da dala na Magtymguly a biranen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet . Waɗannan sun haɗa da abin tunawa a Astana, Kyiv, Astrakhan (Rasha), bas-relief a Tashkent, [9] da Khiva, da Iran da Ankara (Turkiyya).
An bayyana bust na Magtymguly Pyragy a Margarita Rudomino All-Rasha State Library for Foreign Literature in Moscow, Russia a 2024.
Toponys
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Magtymguly birni ne, da ke a kudu maso yammacin Turkmenistan a lardin Balkan, cibiyar gudanarwa na gundumar Magtymguly. [10]
- Magtymguly yanki ne a cikin tashar iskar gas da mai a Turkmenistan. [11]
Cibiyoyi da kungiyoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sunan masu zuwa bayan Magtymguly:
- Jami'ar Jihar Turkmen [12]
- Cibiyar Harshe, Adabi da Rubuce-rubucen Magtymguly ta ƙasa [13]
- Magtymguly Musical and Drama Theatre a Ashgabat.
- Kungiyar matasa ta Turkmenistan [14]
- Laburare a Kyiv, Ukraine [15]
- Municipal jihar general ilimi ma'aikata School mai suna bayan Magtymguly Pyragy a ƙauyen Funtovo-1 ( Astrakhan Oblast na Rasha ).
- Makarantar sakandare mai suna Magtymguly Pyragy a cikin ƙungiyar daikhan "Ergesh Sultanov" na gundumar Dusti ( yankin Khatlon na Tajikistan ).
Cinema
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Makhtumkuli (1968, furodusa Alti Karliyev ) - Hommat Mulluk ya taka rawa. [16]
- Fragi – Razluchyonnыy haka schastyem (1984, m Khodzhakuli Narliev ) - rawar da Annaseid Annamuhammedov ya taka. [17]
Aika aikawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- A shekarar 1974, an kirkiro wani rukuni na ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Veli Mukhatov "A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Magtymguly". [18]
- A cikin 1992, an kafa kyautar Magtymguly International Prize . [19]
- A shekara ta 2013, mawaki Mamed Huseynov ya rubuta wani wasan opera mai suna "Monologues of Magtymguly Pyragy". [20]
- Daga 2002 zuwa 2008, watan Mayu a Turkmenistan yana da sunan "Magtymguly". [21]
- A cikin 2014, an kafa lambar yabo ta Magtymguly Pyragy a matsayin lada don manyan nasarori a cikin binciken, yadawa da haɓaka abubuwan ƙirƙira na Magtymguly. [22]
- Wani busasshen kaya na Turkmen mai suna "Magtymguly". [23]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tarihin Turkmenistan
- Adabin Turkmen
- Kidan Turkmen
- Bagi
- Sufanci
- Sunan mahaifi ma'anar Azady
- Magtymguly International Prize
Bayanan kula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Fox, William C.; Holt, P. M.; Lambton, A.; Lewis, B. (1971). "The Cambridge History of Islam". The Geographical Journal. 2 (3): 478. Bibcode:1971GeogJ.137..413F. doi:10.2307/1797299. JSTOR 1797299.
- ↑ "Divan of Iranian-Turkmen poet Magtymguly Pyragy rendered into Persian". Tehran Times (in Turanci). 2021-04-02. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Gross 1992.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedturkmenistan.gov.tm - ↑ "Dašt-e Gorgān". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Another traditional name for this region is Torkaman Ṣaḥrā, characterizing at the same time the specific and dominant composition of its population.
- ↑ Ekber, Kadir (1999). "Mahtumkulu". Turkic World Studies (in Turkish). Wisconsin University: Aegean University. 3 (2): 278.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Gudar 2016.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Kahraman, Alim. "Mahtumkulu". Encyclopedia of Islam (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2022.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "На ул. Махтумкули в Ташкенте открыт барельеф поэта". Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
- ↑ "Turkmenistan Presidential Decree No. 4066 of 4 June 2004" (PDF) (in Tukmenistanci). 4 June 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ↑ "На месторождении Махтумкули туркменского сектора Каспия получен новый приток нефти" (in Rashanci). 25 January 2015. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
- ↑ "Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly (TSU)". University Directory Worldwide. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- ↑ "Magtymguly National Institute of Language, Literature and Manuscripts". Science of Turkmenistan. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ↑ "PRESIDENT GURBANGULY BERDIMUHAMEDOV ATTENDED THE VI CONGRESS OF THE YOUTH ORGANIZATION OF TURKMENISTAN NAMED AFTER MAKHTUMKULI". 11 September 2019. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
- ↑ "Library named after Makhtumkuli in Kyiv hosts creative anniversary evening of the poet". 26 May 2019.
- ↑ "Alty Karliev (in Russian)". Kino-teatr. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ↑ "Fragi – Separated by happiness (in Russian)". Kino-teatr. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ↑ "Music born with poetry". Turkmenistan (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2020.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "В Туркмении планируют поднять авторитет международной премии им. Махтумкули" (in Rashanci). 3 February 2008. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
- ↑ "Zum 290. Jahrestag von Mahtumkuli Fragi (in German)". Turkmenistan-Kultur.
- ↑ "Turkmen Go Back to Old Calendar". BBC News. 24 April 2008. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ↑ "Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr". Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
- ↑ "The tender is for another docking and major repair of the Magtymguly dry-cargo ship of the Department of Trade Fleet of Turkmenistan". 27 September 2013. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.