Sayar da yara
![]() |
---|
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Children_selling_programs_to_Carlaw_Park_AKL_v_Northland_in_1930.png/220px-Children_selling_programs_to_Carlaw_Park_AKL_v_Northland_in_1930.png)
Script error: No such module "Hatnote".Page Module:Sidebar/styles.css has no content. Siyar da yara shine aikin sayar da yara, ta hanya iyayensu ko , masu kula da shari'a, ko masu kula da su, gami da abubuwan yau da kulin hukumomin tallafi, marayu da gidajen uwa da jariri. Inda dangantakar da ta biyo baya tare da yaro ba ta da amfani, yawanci shine dalilin da ya sa sayar da yara shine don ba da izinin tallafi.
Dokar kasa da kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yarjejeniyar Hague akan karɓowar ƙasashen waje yarjejeniya ce da ta haramta saye da siyar da yara da kuma ƙoƙarin aiwatar da tsari da ƙa'ida akan karɓo tsakanin ƙasashen, wanda ke haifar da al'ada.
Afghanistan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar mataimakin darektan UNO HR kasar matalauta ce sosai don haka mutane da yawa suna sayar da 'ya'yansu da yara da ba a haifa ba, ana sayar da' ya'ya mata cikin aure kuma ko don tilasta aikin yara na dala 850-2000 na Amurka.[1][2][3]
China
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Famine_Victims_Selling_Their_Children_from_The_Famine_in_China%2C_Illustrations_by_a_Native_Artist_%281878%29.jpg/280px-Famine_Victims_Selling_Their_Children_from_The_Famine_in_China%2C_Illustrations_by_a_Native_Artist_%281878%29.jpg)
A cewar Frank Dikötter, a cikin 1953 ko 1954, lokacin da ake fama da yunwa, "a duk faɗin ƙasar mutane suna sayar da 'ya'yansu" da rahoton 1950 na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Sin game da Shanghai "ya nuna rashin jin daɗi. ... sayar da yara saboda rashin aikin yi" kuma, Dikötter ya ci gaba, sayar da yara "da yawa" daga cikin marasa aikin yi kuma ya faru a kudancin kasar Sin, [4] kusa da Changchun "wasu iyalai sun sayar da 'ya'yansu", a cikin 1953 a lokacin yunwa a wasu larduna "Iyaye masu tsaurin ra'ayi har sun sayar da 'ya'yansu", kuma farashin daya a cikin 1950-1953 a Nanhe County shine "dintsin hatsi", wani farashi a 1953 ko 1954 ya kasance. Yuan 50, ya isa uba (mai sayarwa) ya sayi shinkafa don ya dawwama a cikin yunwa .
A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2006, iyalai masu karamin karfi da uwaye marasa aure suna sayar da jarirai, galibi 'yan mata, a kasuwar karkashin kasa a kasar Sin, kuma tallace-tallace ga iyaye ne da ke son ma'aikata, karin yara, ko amarya ta gaba ga' ya'ya maza. "An kama 'yan kasuwa kaɗan na kasar Sin kuma an gurfanar da su. "
A cewar wani rahoto na jaridar Ingilishi na 2007, a kasar Sin, an sace yara 190 kowace rana, amma gwamnatin kasar Sin ba ta amince da girman ko dalilin matsalar ba.
A cewar wani rahoto na jaridar Sinanci na harshen Ingilishi na 2013, Chen Shiqu, darektan ma'aikatar tsaron jama'a ta kasar Sin, ya ce tun lokacin da aka fara bayanan DNA a watan Afrilun 2009 ya dace da yara 2,348 tare da iyayensu na halitta. Zhang Baoyan, wanda ya kafa kungiyar da ba ta gwamnati ba Baby Back Home, ya ce bayanan shine hanya mafi inganci don sake haɗuwa da iyalai. Baby Back Home yana karɓar matsakaicin tambayoyi 50 a rana daga yaran da aka sace da iyayensu; Baby Back Home ya ba da samfurori na jini ga ma'aikatar don gwajin DNA. Koyaya Zhang Baoyan, wanda ya kafa Baby Back Home, ya ce "har yanzu akwai wasu iyaye na yara da suka ɓace waɗanda ba su da masaniya game da bayanan DNA".
Wani rahoto na mujallar labarai ta Turanci na 2013 ya bayyana Xiao Chaohua, iyayen da ke yakin neman zabe na yaron da aka sace, kamar yadda ya yi imanin cewa hukumomi na iya yin abubuwa da yawa. Xiao ya ce masu sayen yara da aka sace har yanzu galibi suna fita ba tare da hukunci ba - yawanci suna zaune a ƙauyuka kuma wani lokacin suna jin daɗin kariya daga jami'an yankin. Ya ce marayu wani lokacin sukan kasa karɓar DNA daga yara da suka karɓa.
Ireland
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An gabatar da tallafin doka a Ireland ta hanyar wucewar Dokar Kulawa a 1952, wanda ya fara aiki daga 1 ga Janairu 1953. Dukansu kafin da kuma bayan aiwatar da wannan dokar, ana fataucin yara a kai a kai don dalilai na tallafi, yawanci zuwa Amurka, ta hanyar umarnin addini waɗanda ke gudanar da hukumomin tallafi da Gidajen uwa da jariri. Jarida kuma marubuci Mike Milotte ya kiyasta cewa kusan 4,000 irin wannan tallafi ba bisa ka'ida ba ya faru, daga 1940s zuwa 1970s.
Malaysia
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 2005 a Malaysia, wasu sun yi imanin cewa zoben sayar da jarirai suna "ƙaruwa", kodayake har yanzu ana ɗaukar wannan aikin laifi. Wani rahoto na 2016 na Al Jazeera ya fallasa cewa sayar da jarirai yana gudana a Malaysia na dogon lokaci, tare da jarirai da aka kawo daga ƙasashe kamar Thailand da Kambodiya. Wasu jarirai za a saya da ma'aurata da ke da matukar damuwa don fara iyali, yayin da ake sayar da wasu jarirai ga masu fataucin mutane kuma an tilasta su zama bayi na jima'i ko bara.[5] Har ila yau, zoben karuwanci suna ba da jarirai daga ma'aikatan jima'i na kasashen waje waɗanda ke da ciki tare da wasu ma'aikatan cin zarafin ma'aurata da kansu don ba da jaririnsu kamar yadda dokokin Malaysia ba su ba da damar ma'aikatan ƙaura su haifi yara a kasar.[6]
Ƙasar Ingila
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lawrence Stone ya ba da rahoton wasu yunkurin sayar da yara tare da matan da mazaje suka sayar wa sababbin mazaje, daya a cikin 1815 kuma wani an tattauna shi a cikin 1763. (Sayar da mata a Ingila ba bisa ka'ida ba ne amma an yi imanin cewa doka ce kuma ana yin ta sosai a kudancin Ingila da Midlands.)
Masanin tarihi E. P. Thompson ya ba da rahoton sayar da yara biyu tare da sayar da matar ga Ba'amurke a 1865 don £ 25 ga kowane yaro (an sayar da matar don wani £ 100). A lokuta marasa kyau, an sayar da matar da yara huɗu don shilling kowannensu, a bayyane yake don hana fitar da su ta tilasta wa matalauta jami'an shari'a, kuma an sayar da mata da yaro, waɗanda aka haifa bayan ta fara zama tare da ƙaunatacciyarta amma kafin sayarwa, . A wani lamari, an sayar da matar da jariri kimanin shekara guda a wani gwanjo, inda mijin mai siyarwa ya ce, "c]ome a kan wi' yer bids, kuma idan yer ya ba ni farashi mai kyau fer the ooman, zan yi wa ƙaramin yaro a cikin ciniki.... Zan gaya maka watse, Jack ... idan ba ka yi shi da galan uku ba, ta hanyarka, zan yi maka da wani abu ba, an 'ya' yarinya ta tafi da dama, 'ya' yanka sun' yarinya![c]
Hanyoyin sayar da yara galibi suna kama da na sayar da mata lokacin da suka dogara da hanyar kwangila, koda kuwa kwangilar ba ta da doka.
Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Georgia Tann, ta Memphis, Tennessee, ta yi aiki da kungiyar Tennessee Children's Home Society. A cewar mai ba da rahoto Barbara Bisantz Raymond, Tann, a cikin 1924-1950, ya sace yara da yawa kuma ya sayar da yara 5,000, mafi yawansu ko duk fari. Iyalan sun karɓi yaran don musayar kuɗi mai yawa (wanda aka fi sani da sufuri da otal amma Tann ya caji sau da yawa don tafiya ɗaya kuma ya tattara kuɗin da kansa maimakon ta hanyar Tennessee Children's Home Society) kuma ya aiwatar da tallafi ba tare da bincika iyaye masu kula da su ban da dukiyarsu.[./Child_selling#cite_note-41 [8]]] Kudin da aka caje don tallafi ya kasance daga $ 700 zuwa $ 10,000 lokacin da " hukumomin da aka fi sani ... [caje] kusan komai. Tann, a cikin jawabin 1944 da ke zargin wasu da sanya tallafi ba tare da lasisi ba, ba ta yarda da sayar da yara kanta ba.
A cewar Raymond, Tann ya sa tallafi ya zama abin karɓa a cikin al'umma. A baya, lokacin da aka zartar da dokar tallafi ta farko a jihar Amurka a 1851, tallafi "ba ta shahara nan da nan ba". A farkon karni na 20, tallafi ya kasance "mai ban mamaki". Iyaye masu karamin kudin shiga wadanda aka dauki yara daga gare su galibi ana daukar su a matsayin marasa rinjaye, kuma yara, wadanda aka dauka a matsayin masu karɓa, an dauke su a matsayin masu lalata. Kafin aikin Tann, an yi amfani da indenture ga wasu yara tare da ayyuka don ilimantar da yara da kuma samar musu da ƙasar da ba a tilasta musu ba, kuma Shirin Jirgin Marayu ya tara yara kuma ya kai su don sake zama a ƙarƙashin manoma da ke buƙatar aiki, ta amfani da hanyar da ta yi kama da siyarwar bawa. An canza wasu kulawar yara "ta hanyar ɓoyewa" tsakanin iyayen, wasu masu son rai da wasu ba su sani ba. Gidajen jarirai, inda aka kashe yara da yawa, sun sayar da yara har zuwa $ 100 kowannensu. Tann, a bayyane yake ba ta yarda da ra'ayi mai yawa ba, [7] ta yi jayayya (ba tare da imanin kanta ba) cewa yara sun kasance "blank slates", don haka ba su da zunubi da lahani na kwayar halitta ga iyayensu, don haka suna sa tallafi ya zama mai daɗi, [1] kuma suna ba da hanya ga yara waɗanda in ba haka ba su mutu don tsira da samun kulawa.] Jerin jira ta sun haɗa da yawancin Amurka, Kanada, da Kudancin Amurka.[8] Mutum daya da aka karɓa ta hanyar Tennessee Children's Home Society shine mai kokawa Ric Flair .
An sami masu sayar da jarirai a Augusta, Georgia, da Wichita, Kansas. Sayar da mai juna biyu ya yi a New Orleans, Louisiana, [9] an sayar da yaro sau biyu a kan jirgin kasa daya, daya "mahaifin ... ya sayar da 'yarsa da ba a haifa ba don bashin poker. "
A cikin 1955-1956, yunkurin zartar da dokar Tarayyar Amurka don hana sayar da jarirai ya gaza.
Yaran Kambodiya zuwa Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1997-2001, Lauryn Galindo "ya yi dala miliyan 8 ta hanyar shirya tallafi ɗari takwas na yara 'yan Kambodiya ta hanyar Amurkawa marasa sani", daya shine Angelina Jolie . Ga Galindo, masu sayen jarirai, galibi direbobin taksi da manajojin marayu, sun ba wa iyaye mata masu karamin karfi (waɗanda masu daukar jarirai suka zaba) kudi ko shinkafa ga yara, waɗanda Galindo ya yi iƙirarin marayu ne kuma waɗanda iyalai masu karɓar su biya kusan $ 11,000 a cikin farashi. Galindo, tana cewa ta yi niyyar "ceton yara daga mawuyacin hali" kuma ta ji ta yi "tare da mafi girman mutunci", an yanke mata hukunci a Amurka kuma an yanke mata hukuncin shekara daya da rabi a kurkuku.[10]
Sauran al'adu da duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Girka, "ana da ... matasan mata wani lokaci ana sayar da su ga iyayen masu kula da su kafin ma mahaifiyarsu ta bar asibiti. " A cikin 2007, Interpol tana binciken dillalai a Girka.
A duk duniya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a cewar mai ba da rahoto Barbara Bisantz Raymond, dillalai suna sata da sayar da yara. A Faransa, Italiya, da Portugal, a cikin 2007, Interpol tana binciken dillalai.
A cikin al'adun gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Stolen Babies, fim din talabijin na kebul wanda Mary Tyler Moore ta fito
- Mommie Dearest; "Joan Crawford['s] ... Mommie Yarinya Dearest da ake zaton ta fito ne daga kungiyar Tennessee Children's Home Society" [11][lower-alpha 1]
- Donna Troy, a cikin littafin ban dariya
- A cikin Pete's Dragon, fim din Disney da aka fitar a shekarar 1977, an gano cewa an sayar da Pete, mai taken, ga Gogans, dangin da ba su da ilimi wanda ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin ma'aikata masu arha har sai da ya gudu.
- A cikin Oliver Twist, Mista Bumble ya sayar da Oliver ga mai jana'izar.
- To Be the Man, tarihin rayuwar Ric Flair, ya fara ne da babi na farko "Black Market Baby"; Iyayen Flair sun same shi daga Tennessee Children's Home Society.
- Broker (fim na 2022) fim ne na Koriya ta Kudu game da dillalai biyu da mahaifiyar jaririn da aka watsar wanda ke bin dillalai a kan tafiyarsu don sayar da jaririn.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Cin hanci da rashawa
- Girbi na yara
- Yin wanki na yara
- Cinikin mutane
- Samun tallafi na kasa da kasa
- Rashin satar yara na kasa da kasa
- Jerin abubuwan kunya na tallafi na kasa da kasa
- Cinikin yara
- Matar da ke siyarwa
- Canji
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Joan Crawford, a subject of Mommie Dearest
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Afghan families sell daughters into marriage as economy collapses". NBC News (in Turanci). 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
- ↑ "Starving Afghan kids sold, forced into labor amid dire economic and humanitarian crises". PBS NewsHour (in Turanci). 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
- ↑ "Afghan dad trying to sell daughter to keep family from starving" (in Turanci). 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedDikötter_60
- ↑ "Malaysia: Babies for Sale". Al Jazeera News. 24 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
- ↑ Lydia Aziz (26 November 2016). "This horrifying video exposes ugly truth of baby-selling in Malaysia". Vulcan Post. AsiaOne. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedBabyThief-p-ix
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedBabyThief-p79
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedBabyThief-p213
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedBabyThief-p246
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedRicFlairBeMan-p3
Bayanan littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]