Selma James

  Selma James (an haife shi Selma Deitch;tsohon Weinstein;Agusta 15,1930) marubuciya Ba'amurke ce,kuma mai fafutukar mata kuma mai fafutukar zaman jama'a wacce ta kasance marubucin littafin motsin mata The Power of Women and the Subversion of the Community (tare da Mariarosa Dalla Costa).),co-wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mata na Duniya.

Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya

Deitch an haife shi a unguwar Brownsville na Brooklyn,New York,a cikin 1930. Mahaifinta direban babbar mota ne,kuma mahaifiyarta ma'aikaciyar masana'anta ce kafin ta haifi 'ya'ya. Lokacin da take matashiya,Selma ta yi aiki a masana'antu,sannan a matsayinta na cikakken macen gida da uwa ga ɗanta. Samwanda mahaifinsa,abokin aikin masana'anta,ta kasance cikin ɗan gajeren aure. A lokacin da take da shekaru 15,ta shiga cikin Johnson-Forest Tendency,daya daga cikin shugabanninsa uku shine CLR James,kuma ta fara halartar karatunsa akan bautar da yakin basasa na Amurka.

1950s da 60s

A cikin 1952,ta rubuta littafin Wurin Mace, an fara buga shi azaman shafi a cikin Sadarwa, jaridar mako-mako da masu karatu suka rubuta kuma suka shirya tare da masu sauraron galibin masu aiki. Ba a saba ba a lokacin,jaridar tana da shafukan da aka sadaukar don baiwa mata, matasa da kuma baƙar fata murya mai cin gashin kanta. Ta kasance mawallafi na yau da kullum kuma ta gyara Shafin Mata.A cikin 1955,ta zo Ingila don auren CLR James,wanda aka kora daga Amurka a lokacin McCarthy.Sun kasance tare tsawon shekaru 25,kuma sun kasance abokan aikin siyasa na kud da kud.

Daga 1958 zuwa 1962,ta zauna a Trinidad da Tobago,inda,tare da mijinta,ta kasance mai himma a cikin gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai da tarayya ta yammacin Indiya. Dawowa Biritaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai,ta zama sakatariyar shirya gangamin yaƙi da wariyar launin fata na farko a 1965,kuma mamba ce ta kafa ƙungiyar Baƙar fata ta Yanki kuma editan mujallarta a 1969.

Ladan aikin gida

A cikin Janairu 1971,James ya watsa shirye-shiryen gidan rediyon BBC a cikin jerin mutane don gobe-ta yin amfani da kwarewarta na yin aiki a cikin ƙananan ayyuka da kasancewa uwa da uwar gida,da kuma hira da matan gida na cikakken lokaci,da sauran mata masu aiki a waje.gida yayin da yake ci gaba da yin mafi yawan ayyukan gida-don gano yadda ake cin zarafin mata a cikin al'umma gaba ɗaya. A cikin 1972,littafin The Power of Women and the Subversion of the Community (wanda aka rubuta tare da Mariarosa Dalla Costa) ya ƙaddamar da "muhawarar aikin cikin gida" ta hanyar zayyana yadda aikin gida da sauran ayyukan kulawa da mata suke yi a waje da kasuwa yana samar da dukan ma'aikata.don haka tattalin arzikin kasuwa,bisa wadancan ma’aikata, ya ginu ne a kan aikin mata marasa aikin yi.

A wannan shekarar,James ya kafa kamfen na International Wages for Housework (WFH),wanda ke neman kuɗi daga Jiha don ayyukan da ba a yi ba a cikin gida da kuma cikin al'umma. Muhawara ta biyo baya game da ko kula da cikakken lokaci shine "aiki" ko "rawar" -kuma ko ya kamata a biya shi tare da albashi.An gabatar da takardar James ta 1972 Mata,Ƙungiyoyi da Aiki a Taron Mata na Ƙasa a kan Maris 25–26,1972. A cikin wata hira da ta yi da BBC News 24 a shekara ta 2002 ta bayyana cewa aikin gida yana kirga don "aiki na asali a cikin al'umma",cewa mata suna da hakkin samun albashi, kuma ta ce: "Muna kuma son amincewa daga al'umma cewa aikin da muke yi yana da mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci.." Ta kara da cewa aikin gida ana kirga don "aiki na asali a cikin al'umma".

James shine mai magana da yawun kungiyar Karuwai na Ingilishi na farko, wanda ke fafutukar yanke hukunci da kuma hanyoyin da za a iya bi na tattalin arziki ga karuwanci. Buga na 1983 na James's Marx da Feminism ya karya tare da kafaffen ka'idar Marxist ta hanyar samar da karatun Marx 's Capital daga mahangar mata da aikin rashin aiki.

Tun daga shekara ta 1985,ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Ƙididdigar Mata ta Duniya,wadda ta yi nasara a kan shawarar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya inda gwamnatoci suka amince su auna da darajar aikin da ba a biya ba a cikin kididdiga na kasa. Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da doka a kan wannan a Trinidad da Tobago da Spain,kuma ana ci gaba da yin amfani da lokaci da sauran bincike a ƙasashe da yawa.A Venezuela,Mataki na ashirin da 88 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya amince da aiki a cikin gida a matsayin aikin tattalin arziki wanda ke haifar da ƙarin ƙima da kuma samar da dukiya da jin dadin jama'a,kuma ya ba wa matan aure damar samun zaman lafiya.

Ayyukan kwanan nan

James ya gabatar da laccoci a cikin Burtani,Amurka, da sauran ƙasashe kan batutuwa da dama,waɗanda suka haɗa da "Jima'i,Race,& Class", "Abin da masu Marxists ba su taɓa gaya mana game da Marx","Al'adar Yahudawa ta Duniya","Sake gano Nyerere ta Tanzania","CLR James a matsayin mai shirya siyasa",da "Jean Rhys:Tsalle zuwa Tia".

Ƙaunar mata

Tun daga shekara ta2000,James ya kasance mai gudanarwa na kasa da kasa na Yajin Mata na Duniya,cibiyar sadarwa na mata masu tushe,tare da hada ayyuka da tsare-tsare a kasashe da dama.Yajin aikin dai ya bukaci al’umma su sanya hannun jari wajen kula da ba kisa ba,sannan a mayar wa al’umma kasafin kudin sojoji da aka fara da mata. Ta kasance tana aiki tare da juyin juya halin Venezuelan tun 2002. Ita ce wacce ta kafa Cibiyar Mata ta Crossroads,wacce aka fara a ƙarƙashin WFH a cikin 1975 a cikin gundumar haske mai haske kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Euston na London kuma yanzu tana cikin Garin Kentish, kuma ita ce gama gari.editan Littattafan Crossroads.

Ƙaunar gurguzu

A cikin Afrilu 20,James ya ziyarci Edinburgh (tare da ma'aurata na Edinburgh Ralph da Noreen Ibbott, dukansu membobi na Burtaniya Tanzaniya Society a cikin 1960s) a ranar tunawa da Tanzaniya Muungano Day,wanda ya zo a ranar 26 ga Afrilu.James ya ba da jawabi a wani zama da kungiyar Edinburgh Community Association (TzECA) ta shirya kan Julius Nyerere 's Ujamaa (zamantakewar Afirka) a cikin 1960s a Tanzaniya dangane da batun Ruvuma Development Association (RDA), da Sanarwar Arusha Tanzaniya.RDA ta samo asali ne daga asali na Ruvuma Development Association (RDA),wanda aka yi rajista a farkon 1960s,lokacin da Julius Nyerere shugaban Tanzaniya na farko ya ƙarfafa shi,bayan samun 'yancin kai,ƙauyuka da dama sun haɗu tare da tsara kansu cikin abin da aka sani da suna.kauyukan Ujamaa.Wanda ya jagoranci kungiyar shine Ntimbanjayo Millinga,wanda shi ne sakataren reshen karamar hukumar ta kungiyar matasan Afirka ta Tanzaniya,kuma Ralph Ibbott,wani mai bincike na Ingilishi ya tallafa masa,wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kuma ya amince ya zauna da aiki.tare da iyalansa a kauyen Litowa.An gudanar da zaman a "Waverley Care Solas"Abbey Mount.

A cikin Yuli 2015,James ya amince da yakin neman zaben Jeremy Corbyn a zaben shugabancin jam'iyyar Labour.

Ƙaunar Anti-Zionist

James memba ne na Ƙungiyar Yahudawa Anti-Zionist Network kuma,a cikin Mayu 2008,ya sanya hannu kan WasiƙaYahudawan Birtaniya a ranar cika shekaru 60 na Isra'ila da aka buga a cikin The Guardian,yana bayyana dalilin da yasa ba za ta yi bikin cika shekaru 60 na Isra'ila ba A watan Agustan 2015,ta kasance mai sa hannu kan wasiƙar da ke sukar rahoton The Jewish Chronicle's' da ƙungiyar Jeremy Corbyn tare da zargin antisemites.